This document summarizes key aspects of the cell cycle, including cyclins and CDKs, checkpoints, and mitosis. It discusses how cyclin D1 levels fall in response to growth factor removal in G1. It also describes how Cdk2/cyclin E complexes are activated to initiate DNA replication, and how the DNA damage response leads to cell cycle arrest in G1 through p53 and p21. Finally, it provides an overview of the events of mitosis, including chromosome condensation and spindle formation, as well as the role of Cdk1/cyclin B in regulating mitosis.
Cell cycle regulation presentation by me and my colleagues. Not the Best work but still it will give a general idea about DNA damage checkpoints, roles of Cdk-Cyclin complexes, Rb proteins, ATM&ATR kinases, p51, etc.
Reference : Nature reviews & The Cell a molecular approach. (cooper)
This presentation on "Cell Cycle regulation" takes you to the cell cycle describing the stages and checkpoints involved providing some of the evidences of cell cycle regulation. Then we will move to cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases and the mechanism they follow.
This journey in regulation of cell cycle will take a halt after a general discussion of positive and negative cell cycle regulators.
Thankyou.
Cell cycle regulation presentation by me and my colleagues. Not the Best work but still it will give a general idea about DNA damage checkpoints, roles of Cdk-Cyclin complexes, Rb proteins, ATM&ATR kinases, p51, etc.
Reference : Nature reviews & The Cell a molecular approach. (cooper)
This presentation on "Cell Cycle regulation" takes you to the cell cycle describing the stages and checkpoints involved providing some of the evidences of cell cycle regulation. Then we will move to cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases and the mechanism they follow.
This journey in regulation of cell cycle will take a halt after a general discussion of positive and negative cell cycle regulators.
Thankyou.
This slideshow contains various stages of cell cycle regulation, cell cycle checkpoints and their proteins involved in regulation. Cell cycle checkpoints transition phases.
By using flow cytometry, staining dyes are needed. Creative Bioarray can choose different dyes to perform the assays, including propidium iodide (PI), BrdU, 7-amino actinomycin-D (7-AAD), Hoechst 33342 and 33258, and 4’6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), based on the customer’s applications or requirements.
https://www.creative-bioarray.com/cell-cycle-assays.htm
This presentation on "Cell Cycle regulation" takes you to the cell cycle describing the stages and checkpoints involved providing some of the evidences of cell cycle regulation. Then we will move to cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases and the mechanism they follow.
This journey in regulation of cell cycle will take a halt after a general discussion of positive and negative cell cycle regulators.
Thankyou.
Dr Zahid Azeem, working as Assistant Professor of Biochemistry at Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical College, Muzaffarabad since 2012.
email; paym_zahid@live.com
The Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases on the Metastasis of Breast Cancer-Crims...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Cyclin-Dependent kinases (CDKs) function in mitosis by allowing the cycle to progress from one stage to another due to their properties as a family of protein kinases. Because of this function, abnormalities with CDKs can lead to uncontrolled cell division, leading to diseases such as cancer. Breast cancer is one form of cancer in which CDKs are a prevalent area of study. The role CDKs play in controlling and coordinating cell division makes it an important process to understand in breast cancer and, specifically, the metastasis of breast cancer. Lack of controlled CDK function could allow the cancer to spread to other parts of the body, leading to metastasis. Inhibiting CDK activity is an area of interest in searching for ways to treat breast cancer, especially once it has spread to the point where tumors cannot be surgically removed. Investigating these pathways and the effects of CDK inhibition on breast cancer cells has revealed much on the reestablishment of cell cycle control, which consequently leads to control of the cancer. This could be an effective form of non-localized treatment against metastatic cancer that is able to target specific cells throughout the body.
This slideshow contains various stages of cell cycle regulation, cell cycle checkpoints and their proteins involved in regulation. Cell cycle checkpoints transition phases.
By using flow cytometry, staining dyes are needed. Creative Bioarray can choose different dyes to perform the assays, including propidium iodide (PI), BrdU, 7-amino actinomycin-D (7-AAD), Hoechst 33342 and 33258, and 4’6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), based on the customer’s applications or requirements.
https://www.creative-bioarray.com/cell-cycle-assays.htm
This presentation on "Cell Cycle regulation" takes you to the cell cycle describing the stages and checkpoints involved providing some of the evidences of cell cycle regulation. Then we will move to cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases and the mechanism they follow.
This journey in regulation of cell cycle will take a halt after a general discussion of positive and negative cell cycle regulators.
Thankyou.
Dr Zahid Azeem, working as Assistant Professor of Biochemistry at Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical College, Muzaffarabad since 2012.
email; paym_zahid@live.com
The Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases on the Metastasis of Breast Cancer-Crims...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Cyclin-Dependent kinases (CDKs) function in mitosis by allowing the cycle to progress from one stage to another due to their properties as a family of protein kinases. Because of this function, abnormalities with CDKs can lead to uncontrolled cell division, leading to diseases such as cancer. Breast cancer is one form of cancer in which CDKs are a prevalent area of study. The role CDKs play in controlling and coordinating cell division makes it an important process to understand in breast cancer and, specifically, the metastasis of breast cancer. Lack of controlled CDK function could allow the cancer to spread to other parts of the body, leading to metastasis. Inhibiting CDK activity is an area of interest in searching for ways to treat breast cancer, especially once it has spread to the point where tumors cannot be surgically removed. Investigating these pathways and the effects of CDK inhibition on breast cancer cells has revealed much on the reestablishment of cell cycle control, which consequently leads to control of the cancer. This could be an effective form of non-localized treatment against metastatic cancer that is able to target specific cells throughout the body.
Cell cycle refers to the set of events through which a cell grows, replicates its genome, and ultimately divides into two daughter cells through the process of mitosis.
https://www.creative-bioarray.com/cell-cycle-assays.htm
By using flow cytometry, staining dyes are needed. Creative Bioarray can choose different dyes to perform the assays, including propidium iodide (PI), BrdU, 7-amino actinomycin-D (7-AAD), Hoechst 33342 and 33258, and 4’6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), based on the customer’s applications or requirements.
https://www.creative-bioarray.com/cell-cycle-assays.htm
A Bioinformatic Analysis of Oral Cancer Proteomics.pptx . Dr.Erabah IlyasERABAHILYAS1
This work focuses on the role of cyclins in oral squamous cell carcinoma, it's degradation and it's clinical applications. It also unveils proteomics of oral cancer using bioinformatic tools
Please answer all of #5 After the completion of S phase, F.2F functi.pdfsiennatimbok52331
Please answer all of #5 After the completion of S phase, F.2F function is no longer needed. pRb
must be dephosphorylated so that it can once again bind to E2F. Name the type of enzyme
responsible for removing phosphate groups from proteins. Knowing what you know about the
cell cycle, explain why the RB gene would be considered a tumor suppressor gene. Below are
listed four different mechanisms of regulating of cyclin/CDK activity. For each mechanism
explain how that mechanism regulates cyclin/CDK activity. Phosphorylation by WeeI
Dephosphorylation by Cdc 25 Binding by a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor Degradation of
cyclins by the proteasome
Solution
5. A. Wee1 is a nuclear kinase belonging to the Ser/Thr family of protein kinases in the fission
yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe). It has a molecular mass of 96 kDa and it is a key
regulator of cell cycle progression. It influences cell size by inhibiting the entry into mitosis,
through inhibiting Cdk1. It has homologues in many other organisms, including mammals.
Wee1 inhibits Cdk1 by phosphorylating it on two different sites, Tyr15 and Thr14. Cdk1 is
crucial for the cyclin-dependent passage of the various cell cycle checkpoints. At least three
checkpoints exist for which the inhibition of Cdk1 by Wee1 is important:
B. Cdc25 is a dual-specificity phosphatase first isolated from the yeast Schizosaccharomyces
pombe as a cell cycle defective mutant. As with other cell cycle proteins such as Cdc2 and Cdc4,
the \"cdc\" in its name refers to \"cell division cycle\". Dual-specificity phosphatases are
considered a sub-class of protein tyrosine phosphatases. By removing inhibitory phosphate
residues from target Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (Cdks), Cdc25 proteins control entry into and
progression through various phases of the cell cycle, including mitosis and S (\"Synthesis\")
phase.
Cdc25 activates cyclin dependent kinases by removing phosphate from residues in the Cdk
active site. Also, the phosphorylation of M-Cdk (a complex of Cdk1 and cyclin B) activates
Cdc25. Together with Wee1, M-Cdk activation is switch-like. The switch-like behavior forces
entry into mitosis to be quick and irreversible. Cdk activity can be reactivated after
dephosphorylation by Cdc25. The Cdc25 enzymes Cdc25A-C are known to control the
transitions from G1 to S phase and G2 to M phase.
C. A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) is a protein that interacts with a cyclin-CDK
complex to block kinase activity, usually during G1 or in response to signals from the
environment or from damaged DNA. In animal cells, there are two major CKI families: the
INK4 family and the CIP/KIP family. The INK4 family proteins are strictly inhibitory and bind
CDK monomers. Crystal structures of CDK6-INK4 complexes show that INK4 binding twists
the CDK to distort cyclin binding and kinase activity. The CIP/KIP family proteins bind both the
cyclin and the CDK of a complex and can be inhibitory or activating. CIP/KIP family proteins
activate c.
The process of cell cycle regulation is the activation or inactivation of various regulatory factors under the surveillance of checkpoints, thereby initiating the process of cell DNA replication and division into two daughter cells.
in this presentation you will aware about regulation of cell cycle and the proteins involved in cancer study. How these protein regulated by cell cycle.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
6. Cdk2/cyclin E and entry
into S phase
In early G1 , Cdk2/cyclin E
complexes are inhibited by the Cdk
inhibitor p27.
Passage through the restriction
point induces the synthesis of cyclin
E via activation of E2F.
In addition, growth factor signaling
reduces the levels of p27 by
inhibiting its transcription and
translation.
The resulting activation of
Cdk2/cyclin E leads to activation of
the MCM helicase and initiation of
DNA replication.
7. DNA damage
checkpoints
Cell cycle arrest is
mediated by two related
protein kinases, ATM
and ATR, that are
activated in response to
DNA damage.
ATM and ATR
activation also leads to
the activation of DNA
repair and, in some
cases, programmed cell
death.
Phosphorylated Chk2
and Chk1 phosphorylate
and inhibit Cdc25.
8. Role of P53 and p21 in G1 arrest in
mammalian cells
P53 is phophorylated by both ATM and Chk2.
phosphorylation stabilized p53, which is
otherwise rapidly degraded, resulting in a rapid
increase in p53 levels in response to damaged
DNA.
The p53 protein is a transcription factor, and
its increased expression leads to the induction
of the Cip/Kip family Cdk inhibitor p21.
the p21 protein inhibits Cdk2/cyclin E
complexes, leading to cell cycle arrest in G1.
9. The events
in M phase
Stages of Mitosis in an animal cell
(Chromosomes
condense)
Mitotic spindles
Break down of
nuclear envelope
Chromosome
decondensation
11. Cohensins are members of a class
of “Structural Maintenance of
Chromatin” proteins that play key
roles in the organization of
eukaryotic choromosomes.
16. White fish cell at metaphase
Electron micrograph of
microtubules attached to the
kinetochore of a chromosome
The spindle assembly checkpoint
The increased turnover of microtubules in mitosis is
thought to result from phosphorylation of microtubule-
associated proteins, either by Cdk1 or other mitotic
protein kinases such as Aurora and Polo- like kinase