A brief concept of a system is presented, fundamentals on the formation of the Earth's atmosphere chemical composition is explained under the perspective of a systemic approach.

1. Systems
Carlos Loyola
TecSaltillo
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2014

2. Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2014

3. Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2014

4. Systems
A system is a compound object, with its components related to at
least another component
They could be material or conceptual
All systems have a composition, structure and environment. Only
the material systems have mechanisms
Only material systems have a figure or shape
All objects are systems or components of a system
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2014

5. The following slides show the formation and evolution of our
atmosphere.
During the teacher’s presentation, make a list of systems you see
in the explanation. Then select one of the systems and describe
its components.
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2013

6. The origin of our universe
(ca. 13 000 million years ago)
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2013

7. Chemical Elements Formation
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2014

8. The process of nucleogenesis
(in the stars nuclei)

9. The process of nucleogenesis
(in the stars nuclei)
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2013

10. Are they related ?

11. Earth’s crust consolidation, atmosphere formation
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2013

12. Reducing nature of primitive atmosphere
“Abiogenic” synthesis of
organic compounds in
Oparin’s experiment.
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2013

13. Life on Earth
http://www.complex-life.org/csf2011

14. Evolution of Living Beings
Source: Wikipedia
Reloj
Geologico

15. Interconnected species

16. http://earth.geology.yale.edu/~avf5/teaching/listGG602.html

17. Scientists believe the Earth has experienced several extreme glacial events, two of which took place during the Cryogenian
period, 710 million to 630 million years ago. In 1992 and 1998, scientists hypothesised that around 635 million years ago, the
Earth underwent a major glacial episode that left it entirely smothered in ice.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1288584/Ten-greatest-30-second-theories.html

18. The Great Oxidation Event
The rock above is a 2.48 billion-year-old banded iron formation from Australia that
contains high concentrations of chromium, which scientists believe is evidence of a
pivotal change in the Earth's atmosphere: the arrival of oxygen. Credit: Courtesy of
Stefan Lalonde
http://www.livescience.com/16714-oxygen-breathing-life-chromium.html

19. Figure 6
Simplified schematic timeline of photosynthesis and the oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans
through Earth’s history. Atmospheric oxygen concentrations are shown as a percentage of modern levels
(from Lyons et al. 2009). GOE = Great Oxidation Event, ~2.4 bya. Although there is always uncertainty in
chemical and biological data from the early Earth, time periods for which this information is especially
uncertain are indicated with question marks. Three main phases are evident: (1) an early anoxic world in
which there was very low oxygen and was dominated by anoxygenic photosynthesis; (2) an intermediate
low-oxygen world in which significant contributions to photosynthesis were made by both oxygenic and
anoxygenic phototrophs, or perhaps by organisms that could do both, such as those from Middle Island
Sinkhole; and (3) the modern oxic world in which oxygenic photosynthesis predominates. Not until this later
stage did complex plants and animals evolve.
© 2012 Nature Education Courtesy of Biddanda et al. All rights reserved.
http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/rock-water-microbes-underwater-sinkholes-in-lake-25851285

20. The “Oxydizing Event”
Photosyntesis changed the atmosphere
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2013

21. Earth’s crust chemical composition
Comp. Simb Vol
Oxygen O2 46.6%
Silicon Si 27.8%
Aluminum Al 8.1%
Iron Fe 5.0%
Calcium Ca 3.6%
Sodium Na 2.8%
Potassium K 2.6%
Magnesium Mg 2.0%
others 1.6%
mistupid.com/geology/earthcrust.htm

22. Earth’s atmosphere chemical composition
Composición media de la
atmósfera a una altitud de 25 km
Gas Name
Chemical
Formula
Percent
Volume
Nitrogen N2 78.08%
Oxygen O2 20.95%
*Water H2O 0 to 4%
Argon Ar 0.93%
*Carbon
Dioxide
CO2 0.0360%
Neon Ne 0.0018%
Helium He 0.0005%
*Methane CH4 0.00017%
Hydrogen H2 0.00005%
*Nitrous
N2O 0.00003%
Oxide
*Ozone O3 0.000004%
* Gases variables

23. Biogeochemical Cycles: Carbon