14. class reptilia (bachinilla)
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The document discusses the class Reptilia, or reptiles. It describes reptiles as the first vertebrates to lay amniotic eggs, which allow for terrestrial reproduction by maintaining an aquatic environment for the embryo. Reptiles have skin adapted for prevention of water loss, lungs for breathing air, and three-chambered hearts with two circulatory pathways. Their adaptations have allowed reptiles to thrive on land despite being ectothermic.
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20. Class Reptilia Notes
The document discusses the class Reptilia and its three orders: Testudines (turtles, tortoises and terrapins), Squamata (snakes, lizards, amphibians) and Crocodilia (crocodiles). It notes that reptiles are ectothermic, lay eggs, have scales and breathe air. It provides details on sea turtles, marine iguanas, sea snakes and saltwater crocodiles. It also discusses threats facing some reptile species like habitat loss and overexploitation.
Reptilia
This document summarizes the major groups of reptiles. It describes five orders: Sauria (lizards), Serpentes (snakes), Testudines (turtles), Crocodylia (crocodiles), and Rhynchocephalia (tuataras). It provides key characteristics of reptiles such as having scaly skin, laying amniotic eggs, and being ectothermic. Additionally, it highlights unique features of different reptile groups, including snakes' specialized anatomy for swallowing large prey whole and crocodiles guarding nests until hatchlings emerge.
Reptilia bobby
This document summarizes characteristics of reptiles and provides details on three orders of reptiles: Testudines (turtles, tortoises, terrapins), Squamata (lizards, snakes), and Crocodilia (crocodiles, alligators, caimans). Reptiles are cold-blooded vertebrates that breathe with lungs, lay eggs, and have scales. Turtles have a hard shell fused to their backbone and flippers instead of legs. Tortoises live on land while terrapins live near water. Squamata includes lizards, which shed skin in patches, and snakes, which shed in one piece. Crocodilia can regulate temperature and care for young.
Amniote origins and nonavian reptiles
Amniotes evolved an amniotic egg with extraembryonic membranes that allowed development on land, freeing them from dependence on water. Early amniotes diversified into three skull types. Modern nonavian reptiles include turtles, squamates (lizards and snakes), tuataras, and crocodilians. They have adaptations like thicker skins, stronger jaws, and efficient nitrogen excretion that allowed exploitation of terrestrial niches.
The reptile
Reptiles have scales that retain moisture and lay amniotic eggs adapted for land. They live in varied habitats except very cold areas as they are ectothermic. All reptiles share scaly skin, claws, lungs, and lay amniotic eggs. Adaptations like strong skeletons and claws allow movement on land while highly developed vision aids predation and predator avoidance. Ectothermy limits habitats but basking and shade-seeking regulate temperature. Lungs and partially divided hearts aid gas exchange. Reproduction is usually oviparous but some are ovoviviparous, protecting eggs inside females.
Reptiles
Vertebrates have advanced nervous systems and highly developed brains. They have either gills or lungs for respiration, and well-developed sensory organs. Reptiles are a type of vertebrate that breathe air, have scales covering their bodies, and lay eggs. As ectothermic animals, reptiles' body temperatures vary with their environment.
Reptiles
Reptiles were the first terrestrial vertebrates and dominated during the Mesozoic era. There are around 7,000 reptile species worldwide today, with the most successful group being squamates (snakes and lizards). Reptiles are characterized by scaly skin, laying amniotic eggs, and various anatomical adaptations for living on land such as efficient lungs and kidneys. The four surviving orders are squamates, crocodilians, turtles, and the tuatara; turtles are notable for their protective shells.
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20. Class Reptilia Notes
The document discusses the class Reptilia and its three orders: Testudines (turtles, tortoises and terrapins), Squamata (snakes, lizards, amphibians) and Crocodilia (crocodiles). It notes that reptiles are ectothermic, lay eggs, have scales and breathe air. It provides details on sea turtles, marine iguanas, sea snakes and saltwater crocodiles. It also discusses threats facing some reptile species like habitat loss and overexploitation.
Reptilia
This document summarizes the major groups of reptiles. It describes five orders: Sauria (lizards), Serpentes (snakes), Testudines (turtles), Crocodylia (crocodiles), and Rhynchocephalia (tuataras). It provides key characteristics of reptiles such as having scaly skin, laying amniotic eggs, and being ectothermic. Additionally, it highlights unique features of different reptile groups, including snakes' specialized anatomy for swallowing large prey whole and crocodiles guarding nests until hatchlings emerge.
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This document summarizes characteristics of reptiles and provides details on three orders of reptiles: Testudines (turtles, tortoises, terrapins), Squamata (lizards, snakes), and Crocodilia (crocodiles, alligators, caimans). Reptiles are cold-blooded vertebrates that breathe with lungs, lay eggs, and have scales. Turtles have a hard shell fused to their backbone and flippers instead of legs. Tortoises live on land while terrapins live near water. Squamata includes lizards, which shed skin in patches, and snakes, which shed in one piece. Crocodilia can regulate temperature and care for young.
Amniote origins and nonavian reptiles
Amniotes evolved an amniotic egg with extraembryonic membranes that allowed development on land, freeing them from dependence on water. Early amniotes diversified into three skull types. Modern nonavian reptiles include turtles, squamates (lizards and snakes), tuataras, and crocodilians. They have adaptations like thicker skins, stronger jaws, and efficient nitrogen excretion that allowed exploitation of terrestrial niches.
The reptile
Reptiles have scales that retain moisture and lay amniotic eggs adapted for land. They live in varied habitats except very cold areas as they are ectothermic. All reptiles share scaly skin, claws, lungs, and lay amniotic eggs. Adaptations like strong skeletons and claws allow movement on land while highly developed vision aids predation and predator avoidance. Ectothermy limits habitats but basking and shade-seeking regulate temperature. Lungs and partially divided hearts aid gas exchange. Reproduction is usually oviparous but some are ovoviviparous, protecting eggs inside females.
Reptiles
Vertebrates have advanced nervous systems and highly developed brains. They have either gills or lungs for respiration, and well-developed sensory organs. Reptiles are a type of vertebrate that breathe air, have scales covering their bodies, and lay eggs. As ectothermic animals, reptiles' body temperatures vary with their environment.
Reptiles
Reptiles were the first terrestrial vertebrates and dominated during the Mesozoic era. There are around 7,000 reptile species worldwide today, with the most successful group being squamates (snakes and lizards). Reptiles are characterized by scaly skin, laying amniotic eggs, and various anatomical adaptations for living on land such as efficient lungs and kidneys. The four surviving orders are squamates, crocodilians, turtles, and the tuatara; turtles are notable for their protective shells.
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This document discusses the characteristics and classification of reptiles. It begins by introducing duckweed and materials needed for an investigative project. It then covers the defining features of reptiles, including having scales or scutes, being ectothermic, and having three-chambered hearts except in crocodiles. The document proceeds to outline the four orders of reptiles - Crocodilia, Testudines, Squamata, and Rhynchocephalia - providing key details about each order and the types of reptiles that fall within each order.
Vertebrates .
Vertebrates are a subphylum of chordates with backbones. They are classified into groups including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Key characteristics include skulls, vertebrae enclosing the spinal cord, and paired limbs in many land-dwelling forms. Vertebrates display a wide diversity of adaptations for locomotion, nutrition, and reproduction in various environments.
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This document provides information about reptiles presented by a group including Shamroz Khan, Dastagir Sial, Shoaib Awan, Maher Faisal, and Sohaib Akram. It discusses the characteristics of reptiles including their scales, eggs, and tetrapod anatomy. It also outlines the orders of reptiles such as testudines (turtles), rhynchocephalia, squamata (lizards and snakes), and crocodilia. The document describes some key adaptations reptiles have developed like their snouts, airways, tails, digestive systems, and reproduction abilities.
Vertebrates
This document divides animals into two main groups: vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrates have backbones and include fish, mammals, and birds, while invertebrates like spiders and flies do not have backbones. It then provides more details about characteristics of different types of vertebrates, including that warm-blooded vertebrates regulate their own body temperature while cold-blooded vertebrates depend on the environment, and lists examples of classes of vertebrates such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Reptiles Birds Mammals
Reptiles are adapted to life on land with scaly skin, lungs, terrestrial eggs, and the ability to control their body temperature. They have adaptations like well-developed lungs, a double-loop circulatory system, and a water-conserving excretory system. Birds evolved from dinosaurs and are endothermic with feathers, wings, a light skeleton, and a four-chambered heart that allows for flight. Mammals are endothermic with hair, mammary glands, and a four-chambered heart, and bear live young.
Classification of reptiles
Reptiles are a group (Reptilia) of tetrapod animals comprising today's turtles, ... The reptiles were, from the outset of classification, grouped with the amphibians. ... between lizards, birds, and their relatives on the one hand (Sauropsida)
Amphibians.
Amphibians were the first vertebrates to adapt to life on land around 350 million years ago. They preceded plants and insects. While not fully land-adapted, amphibians fill an important evolutionary niche between fish and reptiles. The earliest amphibians arose from lobe-finned fish and had characteristics like strong fins that helped with movement on land. Amphibians later diversified into three main orders - frogs/toads, salamanders/newts, and caecilians - adapting to both aquatic and terrestrial environments.
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Reptiles are cold-blooded animals that first evolved around 330 million years ago. They are covered in scales or scutes and lay amniotic eggs, allowing them to reproduce on land. Reptiles are classified based on characteristics of their skin, skeleton, respiration and other features. There are three major subclasses - Anapsida which includes modern turtles, Synapsida which are mammal-like reptiles, and Diapsida which is the largest group and includes lizards, snakes and crocodilians. Orders within these subclasses differ in traits like teeth, limbs and diet. Reptiles inhabit diverse habitats globally except Antarctica, with some limitations due to their inability to regulate body temperature.
Mammals
Mammals are characterized by warm-bloodedness, hair or fur, highly developed brains, muscular diaphragms, mammary glands, and parental care. They have four-chambered hearts, skulls with teeth and jaws, and two sets of teeth. Mammals have four limbs adapted for locomotion like walking, running, swimming, flying or burrowing. They maintain a constant body temperature through homeothermy. Their skin has hair and glands. Mammals are classified into monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals.
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This document provides a classification of reptiles based on their anatomical features. It discusses the five subclasses of reptiles: Anapsida, Euryapsida, Parapsida, Synapsida, and Diapsida. Within Diapsida are two superorders - Lepidosauria containing lizards and snakes, and Archosauria containing crocodilians. Key characteristics are described for each order, including turtles within Anapsida, lizards and snakes within Lepidosauria, and crocodilians. Temporal bone structure is an important distinguishing feature between subclasses.
Reptiles
Reptiles first appeared 320-310 million years ago. They are cold-blooded vertebrates that lay hard-shelled eggs and have scales. Reptiles are classified as crocodilians, squamates, or turtles. They require a specialized terrarium environment with elements like heat lamps, sand/rocks, and water, and their diet consists of live or dead bugs and small prey depending on size. Common reptile diseases include metabolic bone disease and substrate impaction.
Reptiles
Reptiles are cold-blooded animals that include approximately 7,900 species living in a variety of habitats. They are characterized by having scaly skin, lungs used for breathing, and being egg-laying or live-bearing. The document describes the key organ systems of reptiles including their integumentary system made of thick, protective scaly skin; digestive system which varies depending on diet; circulatory system with two circulatory loops; and orders which classify reptiles such as snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles, and tuataras.
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The document summarizes key characteristics of reptiles including turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodilians, and tuatara. It discusses their ectothermic nature, amniotic eggs, scales, and distribution on every continent except Antarctica. Additionally, it provides details on orders Squamata (lizards and snakes), Chelonia (turtles and tortoises), Crocodilia (crocodilians), and Rhynchocephalia (tuatara). The tuatara are notable as the sole surviving member of their order, with a remaining population of 50,000 to 100,000 on New Zealand islands.
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The document discusses key characteristics of amniotes such as reptiles, birds, and mammals. Amniotes develop in amniotic sacs that provide fluid and nutrients to the growing embryo. This allows for reproduction on land. Amniotes have two circulatory systems - pulmonary and systemic - as well as three- or four-chambered hearts depending on whether they are reptiles or birds and mammals. The document then covers anatomical and physiological adaptations of reptiles, birds, and mammals.
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Animals can be classified into two groups based on whether they have backbones or not. Animals with backbones, called vertebrates, include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Vertebrates can further be classified into these five groups. Fish live in water and breathe through gills. Amphibians live both on land and in water, and undergo metamorphosis from an aquatic larva to a terrestrial adult. Reptiles are covered in scales and include snakes, lizards, crocodiles and turtles. Birds are warm-blooded, have feathers and wings, and lay eggs. Mammals are warm-blooded and give live birth, with some laying eggs
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Reptiles are a diverse group of terrestrial animals that include lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles, and extinct dinosaurs. They originated from amphibian ancestors and flourished during the Mesozoic era. Key characteristics include laying eggs on land, scaly skin, a single ventricle heart, and uric acid waste excretion. Reptiles were the first vertebrates to fully colonize dry land through adaptations like amniotic eggs.
Amphibians
Amphibians evolved from lobe-finned fishes around 345 million years ago. They can live both on land and in water, using various organs for respiration in different environments. There are over 2,000 living amphibian species classified into four orders: Anura (frogs and toads), Urodela (salamanders), Trachystoma (mud eels), and Apoda (caecilians). Amphibians have key adaptations like permeable skin and an aquatic larval stage that allow them to transition between aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
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Reptiles are cold-blooded animals that can survive on land and in water. There are four main groups of reptiles: crocodiles, lizards, turtles, and snakes. Crocodiles are found in tropical environments and can stay underwater for over an hour. Lizards come in many varieties and shed their skin as they grow. Turtles have a hard shell and can retract their head inside. Snakes shed their skin several times per year as they grow and are carnivorous.
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This document discusses reproduction and development in vertebrates and invertebrates. It explains that some fish can change sex and produce both eggs and sperm. It also describes the fertilization process and germ layer formation in development. Key differences between vertebrates and invertebrates are highlighted, and examples of reproductive modes in bony fish, flatworms, insects and their life cycles are provided.
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1) Amniotes are tetrapods with an amniotic egg, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. The amniotic egg allowed reproduction on land.
2) Modern amniotes are classified as synapsids (mammals), anapsids (turtles), or diapsids (reptiles and birds). Diapsids split into lepidosaurs and archosaurs.
3) Reptiles evolved from amphibians and gained adaptations like scaly skin, internal fertilization, and efficient lungs and kidneys for land survival.
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This document discusses the characteristics and classification of reptiles. It begins by introducing duckweed and materials needed for an investigative project. It then covers the defining features of reptiles, including having scales or scutes, being ectothermic, and having three-chambered hearts except in crocodiles. The document proceeds to outline the four orders of reptiles - Crocodilia, Testudines, Squamata, and Rhynchocephalia - providing key details about each order and the types of reptiles that fall within each order.
Vertebrates .
Vertebrates are a subphylum of chordates with backbones. They are classified into groups including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Key characteristics include skulls, vertebrae enclosing the spinal cord, and paired limbs in many land-dwelling forms. Vertebrates display a wide diversity of adaptations for locomotion, nutrition, and reproduction in various environments.
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This document provides information about reptiles presented by a group including Shamroz Khan, Dastagir Sial, Shoaib Awan, Maher Faisal, and Sohaib Akram. It discusses the characteristics of reptiles including their scales, eggs, and tetrapod anatomy. It also outlines the orders of reptiles such as testudines (turtles), rhynchocephalia, squamata (lizards and snakes), and crocodilia. The document describes some key adaptations reptiles have developed like their snouts, airways, tails, digestive systems, and reproduction abilities.
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This document divides animals into two main groups: vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrates have backbones and include fish, mammals, and birds, while invertebrates like spiders and flies do not have backbones. It then provides more details about characteristics of different types of vertebrates, including that warm-blooded vertebrates regulate their own body temperature while cold-blooded vertebrates depend on the environment, and lists examples of classes of vertebrates such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
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Reptiles are adapted to life on land with scaly skin, lungs, terrestrial eggs, and the ability to control their body temperature. They have adaptations like well-developed lungs, a double-loop circulatory system, and a water-conserving excretory system. Birds evolved from dinosaurs and are endothermic with feathers, wings, a light skeleton, and a four-chambered heart that allows for flight. Mammals are endothermic with hair, mammary glands, and a four-chambered heart, and bear live young.
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Reptiles are a group (Reptilia) of tetrapod animals comprising today's turtles, ... The reptiles were, from the outset of classification, grouped with the amphibians. ... between lizards, birds, and their relatives on the one hand (Sauropsida)
Amphibians.
Amphibians were the first vertebrates to adapt to life on land around 350 million years ago. They preceded plants and insects. While not fully land-adapted, amphibians fill an important evolutionary niche between fish and reptiles. The earliest amphibians arose from lobe-finned fish and had characteristics like strong fins that helped with movement on land. Amphibians later diversified into three main orders - frogs/toads, salamanders/newts, and caecilians - adapting to both aquatic and terrestrial environments.
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Reptiles are cold-blooded animals that first evolved around 330 million years ago. They are covered in scales or scutes and lay amniotic eggs, allowing them to reproduce on land. Reptiles are classified based on characteristics of their skin, skeleton, respiration and other features. There are three major subclasses - Anapsida which includes modern turtles, Synapsida which are mammal-like reptiles, and Diapsida which is the largest group and includes lizards, snakes and crocodilians. Orders within these subclasses differ in traits like teeth, limbs and diet. Reptiles inhabit diverse habitats globally except Antarctica, with some limitations due to their inability to regulate body temperature.
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This document provides a classification of reptiles based on their anatomical features. It discusses the five subclasses of reptiles: Anapsida, Euryapsida, Parapsida, Synapsida, and Diapsida. Within Diapsida are two superorders - Lepidosauria containing lizards and snakes, and Archosauria containing crocodilians. Key characteristics are described for each order, including turtles within Anapsida, lizards and snakes within Lepidosauria, and crocodilians. Temporal bone structure is an important distinguishing feature between subclasses.
Reptiles
Reptiles first appeared 320-310 million years ago. They are cold-blooded vertebrates that lay hard-shelled eggs and have scales. Reptiles are classified as crocodilians, squamates, or turtles. They require a specialized terrarium environment with elements like heat lamps, sand/rocks, and water, and their diet consists of live or dead bugs and small prey depending on size. Common reptile diseases include metabolic bone disease and substrate impaction.
Reptiles
Reptiles are cold-blooded animals that include approximately 7,900 species living in a variety of habitats. They are characterized by having scaly skin, lungs used for breathing, and being egg-laying or live-bearing. The document describes the key organ systems of reptiles including their integumentary system made of thick, protective scaly skin; digestive system which varies depending on diet; circulatory system with two circulatory loops; and orders which classify reptiles such as snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles, and tuataras.
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The document summarizes key characteristics of reptiles including turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodilians, and tuatara. It discusses their ectothermic nature, amniotic eggs, scales, and distribution on every continent except Antarctica. Additionally, it provides details on orders Squamata (lizards and snakes), Chelonia (turtles and tortoises), Crocodilia (crocodilians), and Rhynchocephalia (tuatara). The tuatara are notable as the sole surviving member of their order, with a remaining population of 50,000 to 100,000 on New Zealand islands.
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The document discusses key characteristics of amniotes such as reptiles, birds, and mammals. Amniotes develop in amniotic sacs that provide fluid and nutrients to the growing embryo. This allows for reproduction on land. Amniotes have two circulatory systems - pulmonary and systemic - as well as three- or four-chambered hearts depending on whether they are reptiles or birds and mammals. The document then covers anatomical and physiological adaptations of reptiles, birds, and mammals.
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Animals can be classified into two groups based on whether they have backbones or not. Animals with backbones, called vertebrates, include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Vertebrates can further be classified into these five groups. Fish live in water and breathe through gills. Amphibians live both on land and in water, and undergo metamorphosis from an aquatic larva to a terrestrial adult. Reptiles are covered in scales and include snakes, lizards, crocodiles and turtles. Birds are warm-blooded, have feathers and wings, and lay eggs. Mammals are warm-blooded and give live birth, with some laying eggs
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Reptiles are a diverse group of terrestrial animals that include lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles, and extinct dinosaurs. They originated from amphibian ancestors and flourished during the Mesozoic era. Key characteristics include laying eggs on land, scaly skin, a single ventricle heart, and uric acid waste excretion. Reptiles were the first vertebrates to fully colonize dry land through adaptations like amniotic eggs.
Amphibians
Amphibians evolved from lobe-finned fishes around 345 million years ago. They can live both on land and in water, using various organs for respiration in different environments. There are over 2,000 living amphibian species classified into four orders: Anura (frogs and toads), Urodela (salamanders), Trachystoma (mud eels), and Apoda (caecilians). Amphibians have key adaptations like permeable skin and an aquatic larval stage that allow them to transition between aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
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Reptiles are cold-blooded animals that can survive on land and in water. There are four main groups of reptiles: crocodiles, lizards, turtles, and snakes. Crocodiles are found in tropical environments and can stay underwater for over an hour. Lizards come in many varieties and shed their skin as they grow. Turtles have a hard shell and can retract their head inside. Snakes shed their skin several times per year as they grow and are carnivorous.
Birth & reproductive developmental process
This document discusses reproduction and development in vertebrates and invertebrates. It explains that some fish can change sex and produce both eggs and sperm. It also describes the fertilization process and germ layer formation in development. Key differences between vertebrates and invertebrates are highlighted, and examples of reproductive modes in bony fish, flatworms, insects and their life cycles are provided.
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- Arthropods live in nearly all environments and have
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The document provides information about the phylum Annelida, specifically focusing on the classes Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea. Some key points:
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2) Polychaeta are mostly marine worms with parapodia and setae. They include sand worms, blood worms, and tube-dwelling filter feeders.
3) Oligochaeta include soil-building earthworms. They lack parapodia and have a clitellum and prostomium for burrowing.
4
7 - Molluscs.pptx
The document discusses the phylum Mollusca. It describes key characteristics of molluscs including their soft unsegmented bodies protected by a calcium carbonate shell secreted by the mantle. There are over 200,000 mollusc species found mainly in oceans. The three main classes are gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods. Gastropods include snails and slugs. Bivalves include clams, mussels and oysters which have two shells. Cephalopods like octopuses, squid and cuttlefish are advanced predators. The document also discusses mollusc anatomy, physiology, behavior and life cycles.
Amphibians (Vertebrates)
1. Amphibians show variations in temperature sensitivity and shed their skin periodically. They are found throughout the world except Antarctica and Greenland.
2. They have four limbs, loosely attached skin with warts, eyes with lids, tympani behind eyes, and morphology varies by species.
3. Their skin has mucus glands and is permeable. They are cold-blooded, detect low sounds, and communicate using signals. Some camouflage or use bright colors.
4. They have indirect development with larvae and metamorphosis to adults. Reproduction involves eggs laid in water with gel coats that swell. Fertilization varies between internal and external.
Earth science presentation for tech class
This document provides information about amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. It defines each group and some of their key characteristics. Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates that live both on land and water, undergoing metamorphosis from aquatic young to air-breathing adults. Reptiles are cold-blooded and lay shelled eggs, coming in four main groups. Mammals are warm-blooded and give live birth, nursing their young with milk from mammary glands. They range greatly in size and include rodents, bats, primates, hoofed animals, and carnivores.
Vertebrates Powerpoint
This document provides information about vertebrate animals, beginning with their taxonomic classification and then describing key characteristics of major vertebrate groups including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It outlines defining anatomical features for each group as well as examples of orders, classes, and important vocabulary terms.
Vertebratespowerpoint
This document provides information about vertebrate animals, beginning with their taxonomic classification and then describing key characteristics of major vertebrate groups including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It outlines defining anatomical features for each group as well as examples of orders, classes, and important vocabulary terms.
Kingdom animalia
The document describes the kingdom Animalia and its characteristics. It is divided into two classifications - invertebrates without backbones, and vertebrates with backbones. It details the 9 phyla of invertebrates and 1 phylum of vertebrates. For each phylum, it provides examples and key distinguishing characteristics such as body structure, organs, and feeding methods. The major classes of vertebrates are also outlined, focusing on distinguishing anatomical features.
Vertebrates
This document provides information about different types of vertebrates including fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. It describes some key characteristics of each group and examples of common species. The document aims to classify different vertebrate animals according to their defining physical attributes and environmental adaptations.
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We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
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)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
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Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
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cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
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) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
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Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
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truly diverge from their low-
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counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
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Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
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It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
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14. class reptilia (bachinilla)
- 1. 1 8/30/2014
- 2. Class Reptilia Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata 2 8/30/2014
- 3. 3 8/30/2014
- 4. The Class Reptilia, or reptiles, means “to creep”, it traditionally included a diverse group of animals: turtles, snakes, lizards and crocodiles, alligators and caimans. What is a Reptile? 4 8/30/2014
- 5. • Movement to Terrestrial Existence – First vertebrates to have amniotic eggs – Amniotic egg maintains aquatic environment • Leathery or Hard • Embryos of reptiles, birds and mammals have four extraembryonic membranes – Amnion – Yolk sac – Chorion – allantois General Characteristics 5 8/30/2014
- 6. • Amnion – Surrounds embryo – Amniotic fluid • Yolk sac – Yolk a mixture of proteins and lipoproteins • Chorion – Involved in gas exchange – Membrane next to shell – Shell porous to gases – In mammals, chorion forms placenta • Allantois – Holds metabolic wastes as uric acid – As embryo develops, also aids in gas exchange with chorion General Characteristics 6 8/30/2014
- 7. SALAMANDER EGGS 7 8/30/2014
- 8. • Other adaptations for land • Impervious skin • Keratin epidermal scales • Horny tales • Water conserving kidneys • Enlarged lungs • Powerful jaw enclosure • Internal Fertilization • Respiration with lungs • Ectothermic, cold blooded • Have 3 or 4 chambered heart • 2 separate circulatory pathways - pulmonary and systematic General Characteristics 8 8/30/2014
- 9. • Skin is especially adapted to prevent water loss • Epidermis (thick) • Hydrophobic lipids reduces water loss • Scales (composed of β-keratin) • Alligators keep scales their lifetime • Crocodilians and some lizards may have bony plates beneath scales in dermis - osteoderms SCALES • Dermis (thicker) • Chromatophores - a pigment-containing cell in many animals that, when it expands or contracts, causes a change in the animal's skin coloring. Octopus, squid, and some frogs and lizards contain these cells. 9 8/30/2014
- 10. • All reptiles breathe by lungs • Partitioned into sponge-like chambers • Form a negative pressure mechanism for ventilation GAS EXCHANGE 10 8/30/2014
- 11. • Two separate circulatory paths: • Pulmonary • Systemic Circulatory System • Heart • All retiles have 3 chambered hearts except for crocodilians, which have 4 chambered hearts • Low oxygenated blood from right atrium to ventricle • High oxygenated blood from lungs to ventricle to left atrium • Ventricle partly partitioned to prevent mixing • Crocodilians have two ventricles (4 chambered heart) • Allows blood to flow even when oxygen not entering lungs during • Swimming underwater • Higher blood pressure than amphibians • Ectothermic (cold-blooded animals) but with some behavioral thermoregulation 11 8/30/2014
- 12. • Strong endoskeleton • Limbs thrown outward • Abdomen closer to surface • Five toes • Limbs adapted for • Climbing • Running • Paddling • Some snakes & lizards are limbless Support & Locomotion 12 8/30/2014
- 13. • Kidneys have more nephrons or blood filtering units (Metanephric kidneys) • More blood flow • Higher pressure • Excrete uric acid • Insoluble in water • Can be stored as a paste Excretion 13 8/30/2014
- 14. • Reabsorption of water • Internal respiratory surfaces • Relatively impermeable exposed skin • Behavior • Nocturnal • Avoidance of hot surfaces • Storage of water in lymphatic spaces Osmoregulation 14 8/30/2014
- 15. • Cerebral hemisphere is larger than in Amphibians • Improved smell • Jacobson’s Organ • Snakes can smell with their tongue • Ears detect vibrations • Pythons, boas, and pit vipers find prey using sensory pits in their heads that detect the body heat given off by prey. Using this extraordinary heat-seeking ability, pit vipers can even track down and kill prey animals in utter darkness. Nervous & Sensory System 15 8/30/2014
- 16. • Reptiles taste and smell using an organ in the roof of the mouth called the Jacobson’s organ—a small cavity lined with sense detectors that recognize chemical changes in and around the mouth. • This sense organ helps the animal locate prey, find mates, and generally obtain information about its surroundings. • Monitor lizards and snakes continually flick their forked tongues, collecting small airborne particles that are carried back to the Jacobson's organ. The information they obtain in this way enables them to detect prey and follow scent trails. What is Jacobson’s Organ? 16 8/30/2014
- 17. • Optic lobe and Cerebellum are enlarged • Increased vision • More refined motor coordination • Independent eye movement • Different fields of vision • Dominant sense in most reptiles • Colored vision Nervous & Sensory System 17 8/30/2014
- 18. Prepared by: DCMB 18 8/30/2014