Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to study inheritance of traits. He found that traits are inherited in discrete units (genes) and that some traits (dominant) mask the expression of others (recessive). Through his laws of segregation and independent assortment, he showed that genes separate and assort independently during gamete formation. This allows for prediction of phenotypic ratios in offspring using a Punnett square. Mendel's work formed the foundation of classical genetics and heredity.
This document discusses several key concepts in genetics and heredity. It describes the structure of DNA and chromosomes, the process of cell division, patterns of inheritance including autosomal and sex-linked traits, the molecular basis of mutations and variation, applications of biotechnology like genetic engineering and DNA fingerprinting, and theories of evolution including Darwin's theory of natural selection. It provides detailed explanations of fundamental genetics topics in a clear, systematic manner.
Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to study inheritance of traits. He found that traits are inherited in discrete units (genes) and that some traits (dominant) mask the expression of others (recessive). Through his laws of segregation and independent assortment, he showed that genes separate and assort independently during gamete formation. This allows for prediction of phenotypic ratios in offspring using a Punnett square. Mendel's work formed the foundation of classical genetics and heredity.
This document discusses several key concepts in genetics and heredity. It describes the structure of DNA and chromosomes, the process of cell division, patterns of inheritance including autosomal and sex-linked traits, the molecular basis of mutations and variation, applications of biotechnology like genetic engineering and DNA fingerprinting, and theories of evolution including Darwin's theory of natural selection. It provides detailed explanations of fundamental genetics topics in a clear, systematic manner.