What is hardware, which input devices are most frequently used nowadays, why are some good to use, while others are outdated? This presentation is an answer to all this questions and it also has a small part about sensors (what are sensors and what types are there)
What is hardware, which input devices are most frequently used nowadays, why are some good to use, while others are outdated? This presentation is an answer to all this questions and it also has a small part about sensors (what are sensors and what types are there)
2. 13 Learning Objectives
• Identify the major types and uses of
microcomputer, midrange, and
mainframe computer systems.
• Outline the major technologies and
uses of computer peripherals for
input, output, and storage.
3. 13 Learning Objectives (continued)
• Identify the components and
functions of a computer system.
• Identify the computer system and
peripherals you would acquire or
recommend for a business of your
choice.
4. 13 Section I
• Computer Systems: End User and
Enterprise Computing
5. 13 Types of Computer Systems
• All computers are systems of
input, processing, output, storage,
and control components.
• Three basic categories
– Mainframe
– Midrange computers
– Microcomputers
6. 13 Types of Computer Systems (continued)
• Mainframe
– Enterprise systems
– Superservers
– Transaction processors
– Supercomputers
7. 13 Types of Computer Systems (continued)
• Midrange
– Network servers
– Minicomputers
– Web servers
– Multi-user systems
8. 13 Types of Computer Systems (continued)
• Microcomputers
– Personal computers
– Network computers
– Technical workstations
– PDAs
– Information appliances
9. 13 Microcomputer Systems
• The most important category of
computers
– Desktop
– Laptop
• Workstation computers
• Network servers
10. 13 Microcomputer Systems (continued)
• Selection criteria
– Solid performance at a reasonable price
– Operating system ready
– Connectivity
11. 13 Microcomputer Systems (continued)
• Network computers
– Designed primarily for use with the
Internet and corporate intranets
– For specialized or limited computing
applications
– Lower cost of purchase, upgrades,
maintenance, and support
12. 13 Microcomputer Systems (continued)
• Network computers (continued)
– Other benefits
• Ease of software distribution and licensing
• Computing platform standardization
• Reduced end user requirements
• Improved manageability
13. 13 Microcomputer Systems (continued)
• Information appliances
– PDAs
– Set-top boxes and video-game consoles
– Wireless PDAs
– Cellular and PCS phones
15. 13 Midrange Computer Systems
• Multi-user systems that can
manage networks of PCs and
terminals
• Less costly to buy, operate, and
maintain than mainframes
• Popular as network servers
• Minicomputers
16. 13 Mainframe Computer Systems
• Large, fast, powerful
• Handle high transaction processing volumes or
complex computational problems
• Super servers for large client/server networks
and high-volume Internet websites
• Popular for data mining and warehousing
17. 13 Mainframe Computer Systems (continued)
• Supercomputers
– Extremely powerful systems
specifically designed for scientific,
engineering, and business
applications requiring extremely high
speeds for massive numeric
computations
– Use parallel processing architectures
– Process at speeds measured in
gigaflops and teraflops
18. 13 The Computer System Concept
• Computers are organized
according to the following system
functions:
– Input
• Keyboards
• Touch screens
• Pens
• Electronic mice
• Optical scanners
• Convert data into electronic form
19. 13 The Computer System Concept (continued)
– Processing
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
– Two subunits
» Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU)
» Control Unit
20. 13 The Computer System Concept (continued)
– Output
• Video display units
• Printers
• Audio response units
• Convert electronic information into human-
intelligible form
21. 13 The Computer System Concept (continued)
– Storage
• Store data and software instructions
• May also include cache memory
• Primary storage unit (hard drive)
• Secondary storage
– Magnetic disks
– Optical disk drives
22. 13 The Computer System Concept (continued)
– Control
• The registers and other circuits of the
control unit interpret software instructions
and transmit directions to the other
components of the computer system
23. 13 The Computer System Concept (continued)
• Computer processing speeds
– Milliseconds (thousandths of a second)
– Microseconds (millionths of a second)
– Nanoseconds (billionths of a second)
– Picoseconds (trillionths of a second)
24. 13 The Computer System Concept (continued)
– Clock speeds
• Megahertz (MHz)
– Millions of cycles per second
• Gigahertz (GHz)
– Billions of cycles per second
25. 13 Section II
• Computer Peripherals: Input, Output,
and Storage Technologies
26. 13 Peripherals
• Generic name given to all input,
output, and secondary storage
devices
• Depend on direct connections or
telecommunications links to the CPU
• All peripherals are online devices
27. 13 Input Technologies
• Natural user interface
– Enter data and commands directly into
a computer
• Electronic mice and touch pads
• Optical scanning, handwriting recognition,
voice recognition
28. 13 Pointing Devices
• Used for entering data and text
• Work with your operating system’s
graphical user interface (GUI)
– Electronic mouse
– Trackball
– Pointing stick
– Touch pad
– Touch screen
29. 13 Pen-Based Computing
• Used in many hand-held computers
and PDAs
– Digitizer pen
– Graphics tablet
30. 13 Speech Recognition Systems
• Digitize, analyze, and classify your
speech and its sound patterns
• Allow operators to perform data
entry without using their hands to
key in data or instructions
• Speaker-independent
• Voice-messaging computers
31. 13 Optical Scanning
• Read text or graphics and convert
them into digital input
• Employ photoelectric devices to
scan the characters being read
33. 13 Other Input Technologies
• Magnetic stripe technology
– Credit cards
• Smart cards
– Embedded microprocessor chip
• Debit, credit, and other cards
• Digital cameras
– Still cameras
– Digital camcorders
34. 13 Other Input Technologies (continued)
• Magnetic ink character recognition
(MICR) technology
– Used by banks to sort and post checks
and deposit slips
– 14 characters of a standardized design
– Reader-sorters
• Video
• Print
• Storage
35. 13 Video Output
• Video monitors
– Cathode ray tube (CRT)
– Liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
36. 13 Printed Output
• Inkjet
– Spray ink onto the page one line at a
time
• Laser
– Use an electrostatic process similar to
a copier
38. 13 Storage Trade-Offs (continued)
• Computer storage fundamentals
– Information is stored through the
presence or absence of electronic or
magnetic signals
• Binary representation
– 1 = ON
– 0 = OFF
39. 13 Storage Trade-Offs (continued)
• Computer storage fundamentals
(continued)
– Bit
• The smallest element of data
• May have a value of either one or zero
– Byte
• Basic grouping of bits
• Typically, a byte consists of 8 bits and
represents one character of data
42. 13 Storage Trade-Offs (continued)
• Direct and sequential access
– Terms direct access and random
access describe the same concept
– An element of data or instructions can
be directly stored and retrieved by
selecting and using any of the locations
on the storage media
• Each storage position
– Has a unique address
– Can be individually accessed in approximately
the same time
43. 13 Storage Trade-Offs (continued)
• Direct and sequential access
(continued)
– Sequential access
• Does not have unique storage addresses
• Serial process
• Data are recorded one after another in a
predetermined sequence.
• Locating an individual item requires
searching all of the data until the desired
item is located
45. 13 Semiconductor Memory
• Primary storage of your computer
• Advantages
– Small size
– Great speed
– Shock and temperature resistant
• Disadvantage
– Volatility
46. 13 Semiconductor Memory (continued)
• Two basic types of semiconductor
memory
– RAM – random access memory
• Volatile memory
• Read/write memory
• “working” memory
47. 13 Semiconductor Memory (continued)
– ROM – read only memory
• Nonvolatile
• Used for permanent storage
• Can be read but not erased or overwritten
– Variations of ROM
• PROM
– Programmable read only memory
• EPROM
– Erasable programmable read only memory
48. 13 Magnetic Disk Storage
• Most common form of secondary
storage
• Data is recorded on tracks in the
form of tiny magnetized spots
• Thousands of bytes recorded on
each track
49. 13 Magnetic Disk Storage (continued)
• Types of Magnetic Disks
– Floppy disks
– Zip disks
– Hard disk drives
50. 13 Magnetic Disk Storage (continued)
• Redundant arrays of
independent disks (RAID)
– Provides large capacities with high
access speeds
– Data are accessed in parallel over
multiple paths from many disks
– Fault tolerant
– Storage area networks (SANs)
• Fiber channel LANs that connect many
RAID units
51. 13 Magnetic Tape Storage
• Used as secondary storage
• Also used in robotic automated drive
assemblies
• Lower-cost storage
• Archival storage
52. 13 Optical Disk Storage
• CD-ROM
• CD-R
• CD-RW
• DVD
• DVD-ROM
• DVD-RAM
53. 13 Optical Disk Storage (continued)
• Business applications
– Image processing
– Provide access to reference materials
in a convenient, compact form
– videos
54. 13 Discussion Questions
• Do you agree with the statement:
“The network is the computer”?
• What trends are occurring in the
development and use of the major
types of computer systems?
55. 13 Discussion Questions (continued)
• Do you think that network computers
(NCs) will replace personal
computers (PCs) in business
applications?
• Are networks of PCs and servers
making mainframe computers
obsolete?
56. 13 Discussion Questions (continued)
• What trends are occurring in the
development and use of peripheral
devices? Why are those trends
occurring?
• When would you recommend the use of
each of the following:
– Network computers
– NetPCs
– Network terminals
– Information appliances in business applications
57. 13 Discussion Questions (continued)
• What processor, memory, magnetic
disk storage, and video display
capabilities would you require for a
personal computer that you would
use for business purposes?
• What other peripheral devices and
capabilities would you want to have
for your business PC?
58. Real World Case 1 – City of Richmond
13 & Tim Beaty Builders
• The Business Value of PDAs
• What are the business benefits of
PDAs for business applications?
• What are the limitations of PDAs for
business use?
59. 13 References
• James A. O'Brien; George M. Marakas.
Management Information Systems:
Managing Information Technology in the
Business Enterprise 6th Ed., Boston:
McGraw-Hill/ Irwin,2004
