This study investigates the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with vinyl ester bonded glass fiber reinforced polymer (VE-GFRP) sheets and epoxy bonded GFRP sheets. 10 beams were tested - 4 control beams, 2 fully wrapped with VE-GFRP, 2 strip wrapped with VE-GFRP, and 2 of each wrapped with epoxy bonded GFRP. The beams were designed to fail in shear. Testing showed that wrapping beams with GFRP sheets, either fully or strip wrapped, increased the ultimate load capacity. VE-GFRP and epoxy bonded GFRP were applied using different bonding techniques and materials. The VE-GFRP beams exhibited higher load capacities than the control
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The construction industry worldwide needs innovative materials to resolve many longstanding issues such as reinforcement corrosion and concrete deterioration.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The construction industry worldwide needs innovative materials to resolve many longstanding issues such as reinforcement corrosion and concrete deterioration.
Strengthening structures via external bonding of advanced fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite is becoming very
popular worldwide during the past decade because it provides a more economical and technically superior alternative
to the traditional techniques in many situations as it offers high strength, low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue
resistance, easy and rapid installation and minimal change in structural geometry. Although many in-situ RC beams
are continuous in construction, there has been very limited research work in the area of FRP strengthening of continuous
beams.
FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP) & SYNTHETIC RUBBERChandana R
FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP)
A type of plastic in which the strength of low strength plastic
material is increased by means of high strength of fibers.
COMPOSITION, USE, TYPES, PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS, ADVANTAGES, DIS-ADVANTAGES
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
A man-made rubber which is produced in
manufacturing plants by synthesizing it from petroleum and other minerals.
USES, PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS, ADVANTAGES, DIS-ADVANTAGES
Behaviour of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite in Flexure Shear Streng...ijtsrd
The corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete reduces the life of structures, causes high repair costs and can endanger the structural integrity of the structure itself. Glass fibre reinforced polymer GFRP offers a number of advantages over steel especially when used in marine and other salt laden environments. GFRP reinforcing bars are gradually finding wider acceptance as a replacement for conventional steel reinforcement as it offers a number of advantages. Technical studies on a number of concrete structures, from five to eight years old and constructed with GFRP reinforcement, have shown that there is no degradation of the GFRP from the alkaline environment. Concrete is very strong in compression but it is extremely weak in tension. To resist the tensile stress, steel reinforcement is provided in concrete. Reinforcement corrosion and structural deterioration in reinforced concrete structures are common, and prompted many researchers to seek alternative materials and rehabilitation techniques. One such material that has been offered as an alternative to mild steel reinforcement is Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer GFRP bars and flats. For the repair and strengthening of structural concrete members, strengthening with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer GFRP plates is an excellent option. The present work is to study the behavior of Shear resistance of the silica coated GFRP stirrups in the shear test zone. A series of studies were conducted using silica coated GFRP stirrups in shear zone. It is observed that beams with silica coated GFRP flats shear reinforcement have shown failure at higher loads than the theoretical failure loads. Further it is observed that GFRP flats as shear reinforcement exhibit fairly good ductility. Er. Satish Kumar | Mr. Ajit Singh "Behaviour of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite in Flexure Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30440.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30440/behaviour-of-glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer-composite-in-flexure-shear-strength-of-reinforced-concrete-beams/er-satish-kumar
Strengthening Of Beams for flexure Using FRPReham fawzy
Introduction : ( What is FRP ? ) .
Fiber Material Behavior .
FRP STRENGTHENING SYSTEMS .
Analysis and design .
Application requirements for repair and strengthening works .
Experimental and numerical study on behavior of externally bonded rc t beams ...IJARIIT
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) application is a very effective way to repair and strengthen structures that have
become structurally weak over their life span. FRP repair systems provide an economically viable alternative to traditional
repair systems and materials. In this study, an experimental investigation on the flexural behavior of RC T-beams
strengthened using glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets are carried out.
Reinforced concrete T beams externally bonded with GFRP sheets were tested to failure using a symmetrical two
point static loading system. Seven RC T-beams were casted for this experimental test. All of them were weak in flexure and
were having same reinforcement detailing. One beam was used as a control beam and six beams were strengthened using
different configurations of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. Experimental data on load, deflection and failure
modes of each of the beams were obtained. The effect of different amount and configuration of GFRP on ultimate load
carrying capacity and failure mode of the beams were investigated.
The experimental results show that externally bonded GFRP can increase the flexural capacity of the beam
significantly. In addition, the results indicated that the most effective configuration was the U-wrap GFRP.A series of
comparative studies on deflection between the present experimental data and results from finite element method and IS code
method were made. A future area of research are being outlined.
Behavior and analytical modeling of natural flax frp tube confined plain conc...Libo Yan
As reinforcement flax fibre has the potential to replace glass fibre in fibre-reinforced polymer, composite and coir fibre
can be used in concrete. To achieve sustainable construction, this study presents an experimental investigation of a flax
fibre-reinforced polymer tube as concrete confinement. Results of 24 flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain
concrete and coir fibre-reinforced concrete cylinders under axial compression are presented. Test results show
that both flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete and fibre-reinforced concrete offer high axial
compressive strength and ductility. A total of 23 existing design- and analysis-oriented models were considered to
predict the ultimate axial compressive strength and strain of flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete
and fibre-reinforced concrete. It was found that a few existing design- and analysis-oriented models predicted the
ultimate strengths of all the flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete and fibre-reinforced concrete
cylinders accurately. However, no strain models considered match the ultimate strains of these specimens. Two new
equations are proposed to evaluate the ultimate axial strain of flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete
and fibre-reinforced concrete.
Strengthening structures via external bonding of advanced fibre reinforced polymer (FRP)
composite is becoming very popular worldwide during the past decade because it provides a more
economical and technically superior alternative to the traditional techniques in many situations as it
offers high strength, low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue resistance, easy and rapid
installation and minimal change in structural geometry. Although many in-situ RC beams are
continuous in construction, there has been very limited research work in the area of FRP
strengthening of continuous beams. In the present study an experimental investigation is
carried out to study the behavior of continuous RC beams under static loading. The beams are
strengthened with externally bonded glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. Different scheme
of strengthening have been employed. The program consists of fourteen continuous (two-span) beams
with overall dimensions equal to (150×200×2300) mm. The beams are grouped into two series
labeled S1 and S2 and each series have different percentage of steel reinforcement. One beam from
each series (S1 and S2) was not strengthened and was considered as a control beam, whereas all
other beams from both the series were strengthened in various patterns with externally bonded GFRP
sheets. The present study examines the responses of RC continuous beams, in terms of failure modes,
enhancement of load capacity and load deflection analysis. The results indicate that the flexural
strength of RC beams can be significantly increased by gluing GFRP sheets to the tension face. In
addition, the epoxy bonded sheets improved the cracking behaviour of the beams by delaying the
formation of visible cracks and reducing crack widths at higher load levels. The experimental results
were validated by using finite element method
Strengthening structures via external bonding of advanced fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite is becoming very
popular worldwide during the past decade because it provides a more economical and technically superior alternative
to the traditional techniques in many situations as it offers high strength, low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue
resistance, easy and rapid installation and minimal change in structural geometry. Although many in-situ RC beams
are continuous in construction, there has been very limited research work in the area of FRP strengthening of continuous
beams.
FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP) & SYNTHETIC RUBBERChandana R
FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP)
A type of plastic in which the strength of low strength plastic
material is increased by means of high strength of fibers.
COMPOSITION, USE, TYPES, PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS, ADVANTAGES, DIS-ADVANTAGES
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
A man-made rubber which is produced in
manufacturing plants by synthesizing it from petroleum and other minerals.
USES, PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS, ADVANTAGES, DIS-ADVANTAGES
Behaviour of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite in Flexure Shear Streng...ijtsrd
The corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete reduces the life of structures, causes high repair costs and can endanger the structural integrity of the structure itself. Glass fibre reinforced polymer GFRP offers a number of advantages over steel especially when used in marine and other salt laden environments. GFRP reinforcing bars are gradually finding wider acceptance as a replacement for conventional steel reinforcement as it offers a number of advantages. Technical studies on a number of concrete structures, from five to eight years old and constructed with GFRP reinforcement, have shown that there is no degradation of the GFRP from the alkaline environment. Concrete is very strong in compression but it is extremely weak in tension. To resist the tensile stress, steel reinforcement is provided in concrete. Reinforcement corrosion and structural deterioration in reinforced concrete structures are common, and prompted many researchers to seek alternative materials and rehabilitation techniques. One such material that has been offered as an alternative to mild steel reinforcement is Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer GFRP bars and flats. For the repair and strengthening of structural concrete members, strengthening with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer GFRP plates is an excellent option. The present work is to study the behavior of Shear resistance of the silica coated GFRP stirrups in the shear test zone. A series of studies were conducted using silica coated GFRP stirrups in shear zone. It is observed that beams with silica coated GFRP flats shear reinforcement have shown failure at higher loads than the theoretical failure loads. Further it is observed that GFRP flats as shear reinforcement exhibit fairly good ductility. Er. Satish Kumar | Mr. Ajit Singh "Behaviour of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite in Flexure Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30440.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30440/behaviour-of-glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer-composite-in-flexure-shear-strength-of-reinforced-concrete-beams/er-satish-kumar
Strengthening Of Beams for flexure Using FRPReham fawzy
Introduction : ( What is FRP ? ) .
Fiber Material Behavior .
FRP STRENGTHENING SYSTEMS .
Analysis and design .
Application requirements for repair and strengthening works .
Experimental and numerical study on behavior of externally bonded rc t beams ...IJARIIT
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) application is a very effective way to repair and strengthen structures that have
become structurally weak over their life span. FRP repair systems provide an economically viable alternative to traditional
repair systems and materials. In this study, an experimental investigation on the flexural behavior of RC T-beams
strengthened using glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets are carried out.
Reinforced concrete T beams externally bonded with GFRP sheets were tested to failure using a symmetrical two
point static loading system. Seven RC T-beams were casted for this experimental test. All of them were weak in flexure and
were having same reinforcement detailing. One beam was used as a control beam and six beams were strengthened using
different configurations of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. Experimental data on load, deflection and failure
modes of each of the beams were obtained. The effect of different amount and configuration of GFRP on ultimate load
carrying capacity and failure mode of the beams were investigated.
The experimental results show that externally bonded GFRP can increase the flexural capacity of the beam
significantly. In addition, the results indicated that the most effective configuration was the U-wrap GFRP.A series of
comparative studies on deflection between the present experimental data and results from finite element method and IS code
method were made. A future area of research are being outlined.
Behavior and analytical modeling of natural flax frp tube confined plain conc...Libo Yan
As reinforcement flax fibre has the potential to replace glass fibre in fibre-reinforced polymer, composite and coir fibre
can be used in concrete. To achieve sustainable construction, this study presents an experimental investigation of a flax
fibre-reinforced polymer tube as concrete confinement. Results of 24 flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain
concrete and coir fibre-reinforced concrete cylinders under axial compression are presented. Test results show
that both flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete and fibre-reinforced concrete offer high axial
compressive strength and ductility. A total of 23 existing design- and analysis-oriented models were considered to
predict the ultimate axial compressive strength and strain of flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete
and fibre-reinforced concrete. It was found that a few existing design- and analysis-oriented models predicted the
ultimate strengths of all the flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete and fibre-reinforced concrete
cylinders accurately. However, no strain models considered match the ultimate strains of these specimens. Two new
equations are proposed to evaluate the ultimate axial strain of flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete
and fibre-reinforced concrete.
Strengthening structures via external bonding of advanced fibre reinforced polymer (FRP)
composite is becoming very popular worldwide during the past decade because it provides a more
economical and technically superior alternative to the traditional techniques in many situations as it
offers high strength, low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue resistance, easy and rapid
installation and minimal change in structural geometry. Although many in-situ RC beams are
continuous in construction, there has been very limited research work in the area of FRP
strengthening of continuous beams. In the present study an experimental investigation is
carried out to study the behavior of continuous RC beams under static loading. The beams are
strengthened with externally bonded glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. Different scheme
of strengthening have been employed. The program consists of fourteen continuous (two-span) beams
with overall dimensions equal to (150×200×2300) mm. The beams are grouped into two series
labeled S1 and S2 and each series have different percentage of steel reinforcement. One beam from
each series (S1 and S2) was not strengthened and was considered as a control beam, whereas all
other beams from both the series were strengthened in various patterns with externally bonded GFRP
sheets. The present study examines the responses of RC continuous beams, in terms of failure modes,
enhancement of load capacity and load deflection analysis. The results indicate that the flexural
strength of RC beams can be significantly increased by gluing GFRP sheets to the tension face. In
addition, the epoxy bonded sheets improved the cracking behaviour of the beams by delaying the
formation of visible cracks and reducing crack widths at higher load levels. The experimental results
were validated by using finite element method
EFFECT OF CARBON LAMINATION ON THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE STRUCTURESIAEME Publication
This work consists of preparation and testing of different structural model like cubes, Beams and Columns. They are tested for Compression test, Flexural test and Split tensile Test. The comparison between Laminated and un-laminated Structural Models was made in order to know how much strength gain after testing of these structural models, so by which the rehabilitation of any structure can be done without demolishing it with less weight to strength ratio.
Concrete made with Portland cement has certain characteristics: it is relatively strong in compression but weak
in tension and tends to be brittle. These two weaknesses have limited its use. Another fundamental weakness of
concrete is that cracks start to form as soon as concrete is placed and before it has properly hardened. These
cracks are major cause of weakness in concrete particularly in large on site applications leading to subsequent
fracture and failure and general lack of durability
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF GLASS FIBRE CONCRETEIjripublishers Ijri
Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete is recent introduction in the field of concrete technology. The present day world is
witnessing the construction of very challenging and difficult Civil Engineering Structures. Concrete being the most
important and widely used material is called upon to possess very high strength and sufficient workability properties.
Concrete the most widely used construction material has several desirable properties like high compressive strength,
stiffness, durability under usual environmental factors. At the same time concrete is brittle and weak in tension. Efforts
are being made in the field of concrete technology to develop high performance concretes by using fibres and other admixtures
in concrete up to certain proportions. To improve the concrete properties, the system was named alkali resistance
glass fibre reinforced concrete in the present view the alkali resistance glass fibre has been used. In the present
experimental investigation the alkali resistance Glass Fibres has been used to study the effect on compressive strength
on M30 grades of concrete.
The presentation encircles the following topics
1.Fibers and PlasticsTypes of fibers- Steel, Carbon, glass fibers, Use of fibers as construction material, properties of Fibers.
Types of plastics- PVC, RPVC, HDPE, FRP, GRP etc. Colored plastic sheets. Use of plastic as construction material.
2. Artificial Timbers – Properties and uses of artificial timber. Types of artificial timber available in market, strength of artificial timber.
3. Miscellaneous materials – Properties and uses of acoustics materials,wall claddings, plaster boards, micro-silica, artificial sand, bonding agents, adhesives
This project discusses with Basalt fiber reinforced concrete. And the report present the art of knowledge of basalt fiber, it is relatively new material Basalt is an igneous rock. Basalt fiber reinforced concrete offers more characteristics such as lightweight and good fire resistance and strength. In future it is very beneficial for construction industry. Many applications of basalt fiber are residential industrial, highway and bridges. The information in this report has been compiled from reports of test programs by various researchers and represents current opinion.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This paper deals with the experimental study on the variation in the load carrying capacity between concrete filled GFRP box beams of size 1200x150x200 mm is predicted by varying thickness of GFRP box beams as 4mm, 6mm and the concrete strength as M40. The material properties of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate would be found out. The compressive strength of concrete cube would be found out to confirm the strength – grade 40. Study results showed that in addition to many advantages due to its formation, the Box Beam showed superior physical and mechanical properties. It was found that the flexural strength and fracture toughness values of Composite beams significantly increased stiffness when compared to reference values. Flexural two point load would be applied on the box beams filled with plain concrete. The experimental test was performed to find the flexural strength, load carrying capacity, deflection, load deflection relationship, load strain relationship and stiffness ratio for various thickness of box beams. The analytical Study was performed by using ANSYS to evaluate the deformation of the specimen. The experimental study of beams showed that the box beam having higher thickness will increase the load carrying capacity and stiffness and also decrease the deflection. In ANSYS by varying both thickness of GFRP box as well as grade of concrete is analysed. The proposed finite element model shows increased resistance to deformation when concrete is used as infill material and the deformation decreases when the grade of concrete and thickness of box beam increases
Reuse of Lathe Waste Steel Scrap in Concrete PavementsIJERA Editor
These project works assess on the study of the workability and mechanical strength properties of the concrete reinforced with industrialized waste fibers or the recycled fibers. In each lathe industries wastes are available in form of steel scraps are yield by the lathe machines in process of finishing of different machines parts and dumping of these wastes in the barren soil contaminating the soil and ground water that builds an unhealthy environment. Now a day’s these steel scraps as a waste products used by innovative construction industry and also in transportation and highway industry. In addition to get sustainable progress and environmental remuneration, lathe scrap as worn-recycle fibers with concrete are likely to be used. When the steel scrap reinforced in concrete it acquire a term; fiber reinforced concrete and steel fibers in concrete defined as steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC).Different experimental studies are done to identify about fresh and hardened concrete properties of steel scrap fiber reinforced concrete (SSFRC) and their mechanical properties are found to be increase due to the addition of steel scrap in concrete i.e. compressive strength, flexural strength, impact strength, fatigue strength and split tensile strength were increased but up to 0.5-2% scrap content . When compared with usual concrete to SSFRC, flexural strength increases by 40% and considerable increases in tensile and compressive strength. These steel scrap also aid to improve the shrinkage reduction, cracking resistance i.e. preventing crack propagation and modulus of elasticity. The workability of fresh SSFRC are carried out by using slump test but it restricted to less scrap contents. This work focuses on the enhancement of structural strength and improvement in fatigue life of concrete pavements by reuse of scrap steel in concrete. These concrete roads with SSFRC promises an appreciably eminent design life, offer superior serviceability and minimize crack growth and corrosion. The pioneer idea of this work is the reuse of waste lathe scrap as recycled steel fibers, which provides more cost-effective and eco-friendly sustainable SFRC PAVEMENTS.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
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11.shear strength study of rc beams retrofitted using vinyl ester bonded
1. Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
Shear Strength Study of RC Beams Retrofitted Using Vinyl
Ester Bonded GFRP and Epoxy Bonded GFRP
Tara Sen 1* H.N.Jagannatha Reddy 2 Shubhalakshmi B.S.3
1. National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Barjala, Jirania, Tripura (West), India
2. Bangalore Institute of Technology, K.R. Road, Bangalore, India
3. Dayanand Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
* E-mail of the corresponding author: tara.sen@rediffmail.com
Abstract
Many of the existing reinforced concrete structures throughout the world are in urgent need of rehabilitation,
repair or reconstruction because of deterioration due to various factors like corrosion, lack of detailing,
failure of bonding between beam-column joints, increase in service loads, etc., leading to cracking, spalling,
loss of strength, deflection, etc. The recent developments in the application of the advanced composites in
the construction industry for concrete rehabilitation and strengthening are increasing on the basis of specific
requirements, national needs and industry participation. The need for efficient rehabilitation and
strengthening techniques of existing concrete structures has resulted in research and development of
composite strengthening systems. Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite has been accepted in the
construction industry as a promising substitute for repairing and in incrementing the strength of RCC
structures. FRP composites possess some outstanding properties such as: resistance to corrosion, good
fatigue and damping resistance, high strength to weight ratio, and electromagnetic transparency. FRPs over
the years have gained respect in terms of its superior performance and versatility and now are being used
not only in housing industry but its potentials are being continuously explored for its use in retro-fitting and
strengthening of damaged structural members. This paper focuses exclusively on shear behaviour of RCC
beams and the Vinyl-Ester bonded GFRP and Epoxy bonded GFRP wrapped retrofitted RCC beams. Beams
were retrofitted with 1.2 mm Epoxy bonded GFRP sheets and 0.9 mm Vinyl-Ester bonded GFRP sheets
using epoxy resins. In all a total of 10 beams were tested and the respective readings were recorded. The
beams were full-wrapped and strip-wrapped and tested for shear behavior analysis. Cracking and deflection
of GFRP reinforced concrete beams are analyzed experimentally. It was concluded that the wrapping of
GFRP sheets increases the ultimate load carrying capacity of RCC beams. Also a cost analysis was done in
order to get a cost effective solution for the issue of retrofitting, which is a rising concern in the recent
times.
Keywords: Glass Fibres, Vinyl Ester Bonded GFRP, Epoxy bonded GFRP, Shear Strength, RC Beams
1. Introduction
Retrofitting of shear concrete elements are traditionally accomplished by externally bonding steel
plates to concrete. Although this technique has proved to be effective in increasing strength and
stiffness of reinforced concrete elements, it has the disadvantages of being susceptible to corrosion and
difficult to install. In the last decade, the development of strong epoxy glue has led to a technique
which has great potential in the field of upgrading structures. Basically the technique involves gluing
steel plates or fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) plates to the surface of the concrete. The plates then act
compositely with the concrete and help to carry the loads. Also recent development in the field of
composite materials, together with their inherent properties, which include high specific tensile
strength good fatigue and corrosion resistance and ease of use, make them an attractive alternative to
any other retrofitting technique in the field of repair and strengthening of concrete elements. FRP can
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ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
be convenient compared to steel for a number of reasons. These materials have higher ultimate
strength and lower density than steel. The installation is easier and temporary support until the
adhesive gains its strength is not required due to the low weight. They can be formed on site into
complicated shapes and can also be easily cut to length on site. FRP composites are different from
traditional construction materials such as steel or aluminum. FRP composites are anisotropic
(properties apparent in the direction of the applied load) whereas steel or aluminum is isotropic
(uniform properties in all directions, independent of applied load). Therefore, FRP composite
properties are directional, meaning that the best mechanical properties are in the direction of the fiber
placement. Composites are similar to reinforced concrete where the rebar is embedded in an isotropic
matrix called concrete. FRP composites possess some outstanding properties such as: resistance to
corrosion, good fatigue and damping resistance, high strength to weight ratio, and electromagnetic
transparency. FRP has found an increasing number of applications in construction either as internal or
as external reinforcement for concrete structures. It is well known that FRP possesses a major
advantage over conventional steel in reinforcing concrete structures. Civil structures made of steel
reinforced concrete are normally susceptible to environmental attacks that lead to the initiation of an
electrochemical process which leads to the corrosion of steel reinforcement. Constant maintenance and
repairing is needed to enhance the life cycle of those structures. Bridge deck deterioration due to direct
exposure to environment, deicing chemicals and ever-increasing traffic loads is one of the most
common deficiencies in a bridge system. The use of FRP bars as an internal reinforcement for concrete
bridge decks and also girders provides a potential for increased service life, economic, and
environmental benefits.
2. Material Investigation
As the name implies, FRP composites are materials made of fiber reinforcements, resin, fillers, and
additives. The fibers exhibit high tensile strength and stiffness and are the main load carrying element.
The resin offers high compressive strength and binds the fibers into a firm matrix. The additives help
to improve the mechanical and physical properties as well as the workability of composites. Glass
fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) is used in this investigation for the purpose of retrofitting. Following
are some of the charecteristics of this versatile fibre. Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP), also known
as glass fibre reinforced plastic is a fibre made of a plastic matrix reinforced by fine fibres made of glass.
The plastic matrix used is epoxy or thermoplastic. The GFRP is the least expensive but has lower
strength and significantly lower stiffness compared to other alternatives. The glass fibres are divided
into three classes -- E-glass, S-glass and C-glass. The E-glass is designated for electrical use and the
S-glass for high strength. The C-glass is for high corrosion resistance, and it is uncommon for civil
engineering application. Of the three fibres, the E-glass is the most common reinforcement material
used in civil structures. It is produced from lime-alumina-borosilicate, which can be easily obtained
from abundance of raw materials like sand. The fibres are drawn into very fine filaments with
diameters ranging from 2 to 13 X 10-6 m. The glass fibre strength and modulus can degrade with
increasing temperature. Although the glass material creeps under a sustained load, it can be designed
to perform satisfactorily. The fibre itself is regarded as an isotropic material and has a lower thermal
expansion coefficient than that of steel. Following are the different constituents of Glass fibre
reinforced composite.
2.1 Vinyl ester bonded fibre reinforced polymer
Vinyl ester bonded fibre reinforced polymer - Vinyl ester bonded fibre reinforced polymer (VE-FRP), also
known as vinyl ester bonded glass fibre reinforced plastic is a fibre made of a plastic matrix reinforced by
fine fibres made of glass. The plastic matrix used is vinyl ester. The resin system forms an integral part of
the FRP constituents. The resin is perhaps one of the most important constituents which effects the
performance of the composites. The two classes of resins are the thermoplastics and thermosets. A
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Vol 2, No.2, 2012
thermoplastic resin remains a solid at room temperature. It melts when heated and solidifies when cooled.
The long-chain polymers do not chemically cross-link. Because they do not cure permanently, they are
undesirable for structural application. Conversely, a thermosetting resin will cure permanently by
irreversible cross-linking at elevated temperatures. This characteristic makes the thermoset resin
composites very desirable for structural applications. The most common resins used in composites are the
unsaturated polyesters, epoxies, and vinyl esters; the least common ones are the polyurethane’s and
phenolics.
2.2 Unsaturated Polyesters
The unsaturated polyester amounts to about 75% of all polyester resins used in USA. It is produced by the
condensation polymerization of dicarboxylic acids and dihydric alcohols. The formulation contains an
unsaturated material such as maleic anhydride or fumaric acid, which is a part of the dicarboxylic acid
component. The formulation affects the viscosity, reactivity, resiliency and heat deflection temperature
(HDT). The viscosity controls the speed and degree of wet-out (saturation) of the fibres. The reactivity
affects cure time and peak exothermic (heat generation) temperatures. High exotherm is needed for a thin
section curing at room temperature and low exotherm for a thick section. Resiliency or flexible grade
composites have a higher elongation, lower modulus, and HDT. The HDT is a short-term thermal
property, which measures the thermal sensitivity and stability of the resins. The advantages cited in the
unsaturated polyester are its dimensional stability and affordable cost. Other advantages include ease in
handling, processing, and fabricating. Some of the special formulations are high corrosion resistant and fire
retardants. This resin is probably the best value for a balance between performance and structural
capabilities.
2.3 Epoxies
The epoxies used in composites are mainly the glycidyl ethers and amines. The material properties and
cure rates can be formulated to meet the required performance. Epoxies are generally found in marine,
automotive, electrical and appliance applications. The high viscosity in epoxy resins limits it use to
certain processes such as molding, filament winding, and hand lay-up. The right curing agent should be
carefully selected because it will affect the type of chemical reaction, pot life and final material properties.
Although epoxies can be expensive, it may be worth the cost when high performance is required.
2.4 Vinyl Esters
The vinyl ester resins were developed to take advantage of both the workability of the epoxy resins and the
fast curing of the polyesters. The vinyl ester has higher physical properties than polyesters but costs less
than epoxies. The acrylic esters are dissolved in a styrene monomer to produce vinyl ester resins, which
are cured with organic peroxides. A composite product containing a vinyl ester resin can withstand high
toughness demand and offer excellent corrosion resistance.
2.5 Polyurethanes
Polyurethanes are produced by combining polyisocyanate and polyol in a reaction injection molding
process or in a reinforced reaction injection molding process. They are cured into very tough and high
corrosion resistance materials, which are found in many high performance paint coatings.
All the twelve beams are tested under simply supported end conditions. Two points loading is adopted for
testing. The testing of beams is done with the help of hydraulic operated jack connected to load cell. The
load is applied to the beam with the help of hydraulic jack and the data is recorded from the data acquisition
system, which is attached with the load cell. The value of deflection is also obtained from the data
acquisition system. Out of these twelve beams 4 are control beam, which are tested after 28 days of curing
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ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
to find out the safe load which is taken as load corresponding to deflection of L/250 i.e. 15 mm
2.6 Phenolics
The phenolic resins are made from phenols and formaldehyde, and they are divided into resole and
novolac resins. The resoles are prepared under alkaline conditions with formaldehyde/phenol (F/P)
ratios greater than one. On the contrary, novolacs are prepared under acidic conditions with F/P
ratios less than one. Resoles are cured by applying heat and/or by adding acids. Novolacs are cured
when reacting chemically with methylene groups in the hardener. The phenolics are rated for good
resistance to high temperature, good thermal stability, and low smoke generation.
3. Details of the RC beam Model for Shear Analysis
The specimen that is the model frame is designed following the standards and provisions of Indian
code of practice IS 456: 1958. The material chosen are concrete compressive strength Fck = 20
N/mm2 . and the grade of steel chosen is Fe 415 N/mm2. The dimensions of the Reinforced Concrete
Beam is as shown in figure – below :
Details of RC Beam Cross Section: Length = 500 mm, Width = 100 mm, Depth = 100 mm
Details of the Reinforcements :
Longitudinal Bars at top : 2 nos of 8mm dia Bars each
Longitudinal Bars at bottom : 2 nos of 10mm dia
Bars each Stirrups : 2 Legged 6mm dia stirrups at 90 mm C/C.
4. Experimental Investigation
4.1 Testing Arrangement
All the twelve beams are tested under simply supported end conditions. Two point loading is adopted for
testing .The testing of beams is done with the help of hydraulic operated jack connected to load cell. The
load is applied to the beam with the help of hydraulic jack and the data is recorded from the data acquisition
system, which is attached with the load cell. The value of deflection is also obtained from the data
acquisition system. Out of these twelve beams 4 are control beam, which are tested after 28 days of curing
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ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
to find out the safe load which is taken as load corresponding to deflection of L/250 i.e. 15 mm. To
determine the increase in the shear strength of the beams after retrofitted with Vinyl Ester bonded
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer, beams are designed in such a manner that they are deficient in shear
and hence fail in shear. When the beams are tested, shear cracks are seen over the beams which shows
that they are failing in shear. Two Controlled Specimens are tested for shear, two full wrapped Vinyl
Ester bonded GFRP are tested for shear and two strip wrapped Vinyl Ester bonded GFRP are tested for
shear.
4.2 Retrofitting of the beams using vinyl ester bonded GFRP and Epoxy Bonded GFRP by full wrapping
and Strip wrapping technique
For proper bonding between the beam and the sheets, the surface of the sheets is roughened using
brush or using some other roughening materials. Roughening can be done with the help of sand paper
or hard brush or small chisel. Once the beam surface is roughened, the Vinyl Ester resin is prepared.
The Vinyl Ester is prepared in the ratio of 1:5 where 1 part of hardener is used with 5 parts of resin.
The mixture is then mixed thoroughly. Proper care should be taken that the mixture is used as soon as
possible so that the Vinyl Ester doesn’t sets. After the Vinyl Ester is mixed complete, the Vinyl Ester is
applied to be roughened end of the sheets using brushes. After the Vinyl Ester is properly applied in
the sheets, the sheets are fixed on all the sides of the beams, whose surface was cleaned using a brush.
Some pressure is given on the surface for proper fixing of the sheets. Likewise sheets are wrapped on
all the faces of the beam for the full wrapping technique. For strip wrapping technique After the Vinyl
Ester is mixed complete, the Vinyl Ester is applied to be roughened end of the strips using brushes.
After the Vinyl Ester is properly applied in the strips, the strips are fixed on all the sides of the
beams( whose surface was cleaned using a brush) at a distance of 10cm centre to centre. Some
pressure is given on the surface for proper fixing of the strips. Likewise strips are wrapped on all the
faces of the beams at a distance of 10cm centre to centre. And the same procedure is repeated for
applying epoxy bonded GFRP sheets to RCC beams for both full wrapping and strip wrapping
technique. After the beam is completely retrofitted, the beams are kept for drying and setting properly
for 24 hours. After that 2 number of Vinyl ester GFRP retrofitted beam retrofitted using full
wrapping technique and 2 number of the Vinyl ester GFRP strip wrapped beams are tested and
consequently then the 2 number of Epoxy bonded GFRP beams retrofitted using full wrapping
technique and then the two number of Epoxybonded GFRP retrofitted using strip wrapping technique
are then tested in the same manner in which the control specimens were tested.
4. Interpretation of the Experimental Results and Conclusions
Retrofitted RCC beams, retrofitted using the full wrapping technique has shown an increase by about
10.01%, and retrofitted using the strip wrapping technique has shown an increase by about 19.75%,
over the shear strength of normal RCC Beams. The shear strength of the Epoxy bonded GFRP
retrofitted RCC beams, retrofitted using the full wrapping technique has shown an increase by about
12.47%, and retrofitted using the strip wrapping technique has shown an increase by about 14.1%
over the shear strength of normal RCC Beams. 3. Beam Retrofitted by Vinyl Ester Bonded GFRP &
Epoxy Bonded GFRP strip wrapping technique shows an enhanced increase in strength in comparison
to beams Retrofitted by full wrapping technique using Vinyl Ester Bonded GFRP & Epoxy Bonded
GFRP full wrapping technique . That’s because in strip wrapping technique the placement of the fibres
are such that it crosses a large number of shear cracks, and hence resists the transfer and also delays
the transfer of the cracks from one end to the other. The 1st crack strength of the Vinyl ester bonded
GFRP retrofitted RCC beams in Shear retrofitted using the full wrapping technique has shown an
increase by about 52.9%, and retrofitted using the strip wrapping technique has shown an increase
by about 70.58%, over the shear strength of normal RCC Beams. The 1st crack strength of the
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7. Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
Strengthened Using CFRP Sheets; an Experimental and Analytical Study”, Transaction A: Civil
Engineering. Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 321{330. c Sharif University of Technology, August 2009
Scott Poveromo, “The Use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites to Retrofit Reinforced Concrete
Bridge Columns”, In Partial Fulfillment of Course Requirements for MATE 115, Fall 2003, Course
Instructor: Professor G. Selvaduray
Dong-Suk Yang , Sun-Kyu Park , Kenneth W. Neale, “Flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams
strengthened with prestressed carbon composites”, Composite Structures 88 (2009) 497–508
A.K. El-Sayed, E.F. El-Salakawy, and B. Benmokrane, “Shear Strength of Concrete Beams Reinforced with
FRP Bars: Design Method”, SP-230—54
F.M. Wegian, H.A. Abdalla, “Shear capacity of concrete beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymers”,
Composite Structures 71 (2005) 130–138
Ahmed Khalifa, Gustavo Tumialan, Antonio Nanni, and Abdeldjelil Belarbi, “Shear Strengthening Of
Continuous Rc Beams Using Externally Bonded CFRP Sheets”, SP-188, American Concrete Institute, Proc.,
4th International Symposium on FRP for Reinforcement of Concrete Structures (FRPRCS4), Baltimore, MD,
Nov. 1999, pp. 995-1008.
Ahmed Khalifa, Abdeldjelil Belarbi, And Antonio Nanni, “Shear Performance Of Rc Members trengthened
With Externally Bonded FRP Wraps”, Proc., 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Jan 30-
Feb 04, 2000, Auckland, New Zealand, paper 305,10 pp
First A. Mrs. Tara Sen (Corresponding author) is Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil
Engineering at National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Barjala, Jirania, Tripura (West), Pin – 799055,
Tel: +91 -9436541206 E-mail: tara.sen@rediffmail.com
Second A.Dr. H.N.Jagannatha Reddy isProfessor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Bangalore
Institute of Technology, K.R. Road, V.V.Puram, Bangalore
Third A. Shubhalakshmi B.S is Lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering at Dayanand Sagar
College of Engineering, Bangalore.
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ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
Specimen Load at First Deflection Failure Load Deflection at Percentage
Crack At first crack (KN) failure increase in
(KN) (mm) (mm) load
carrying
capacity (%)
Control Specimen-1 55 2.1 95 5.08 -
Control Specimen-2 70 2.71 79.7 4.94 -
Vinyl Ester Bonded 55 1.41 126.7 7.02 4.88
GFRP FULL 1
Vinyl Ester Bonded 75 2.76 139.1 7.66 15.15
GFRP FULL2
Vinyl Ester Bonded 70 2.77 115 4.51 23.68
GFRP STRIP 1
Vinyl Ester Bonded 75 2.52 110 4.93 15.79
GFRP STRIP 2
Epoxy Bonded GFRP 75 3.86 108.7 5.31 14.42
FULL 1
Epoxy Bonded GFRP 55 1.83 105 4.44 10.52
FULL 2
Epoxy Bonded GFRP 52.5 4.13 109.8 7.87 15.57
STRIP 1
Epoxy Bonded GFRP 57.8 3.87 107 5.89 12.63
STRIP 2
Table 1. Experimental Values of the load carrying capacity, deflection etc , obtained for the control
specimen as well as the Full Wrapped Retrofitted and the Strip Wrapped Retrofitted Specimens.
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9. Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
Figure 1. Mean Load Deflection Curves for Control Specimen-1 and Control Specimen-2
Figure 2. Mean Load Deflection Curves for Vinyl Ester Bonded GFRP FULL 1 and Full 2
Figure 3. Mean Load Deflection Curves for Vinyl Ester Bonded GFRP STRIP 1 and STRIP 2
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ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
Figure 4. Mean Load Deflection Curves for Epoxy Bonded GFRP Full 1 and FULL 2
Figure 5. Mean Load Deflection Curves for Epoxy Bonded GFRP STRIP1 and STRIP 2
10
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