In short: Philosophers of science have established a range of differences between science and pseudoscience, some relating to principles of understanding, others relating to matters of presentation.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #09 (Psych as Science)Brian Hughes
In short: When considering whether parts of psychology are pseudoscientific, it is worth remembering that psychology as a whole conforms to scientific assumptions much better than many other fields commonly considered (without dispute) to be 'sciences'.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #10 (Psych: Phil of Sci)Brian Hughes
This document discusses whether psychology is a science. It presents tables comparing features of established sciences like physics and chemistry to psychology and other fields like astrology and UFOlogy. While psychology shares some features with other sciences like empirical falsifiability and measurement accuracy, it also has challenges like indirect observation and non-quantifiability. The document concludes that while psychology faces issues of degree compared to other sciences, it is still a competent science, as science is defined by its aims and assumptions rather than appearances. It is also discussed how effective a science psychology can be through comparisons to other fields and its historical development.
This document contains references and information from multiple psychology studies and sources. It discusses the scientific principles of psychology, including empirical falsifiability, parsimony of theory, experimental control, and measurement accuracy. It also addresses debates around whether psychology can be considered a true science and examines issues like the placebo problem, expertise problem, and experience problem in psychotherapy research.
This document provides an overview of psychology as a science and discusses various ways of knowing, including empirical and non-empirical methods. It describes science as empirical, objective, self-correcting, and tentative/progressive. Nonempirical ways of knowing like authority, logic, and common sense are discussed alongside their limitations, contrasting them with the empirical scientific method which relies on objective evidence over intuition.
This document provides an overview of personality psychology and some of the challenges involved in studying personality. It discusses Sigmund Freud's early work with Joseph Breuer and their patient known as Anna O., whose symptoms of hysteria improved during hypnotic-like states where she could recall and express emotions related to past traumatic events. The document also outlines some of the quantitative and qualitative research methods used in personality psychology, noting challenges like accurately measuring personality traits and controlling for variables when studying complex human subjects.
Epistemology is the study of knowledge, including what knowledge is, how it is acquired, and what can be known. There are various theories about the nature of knowledge and truth, and whether knowledge requires justified true belief. Skepticism questions whether justification and truth are possible to determine, and how we can know we understand the world correctly. Epistemology also considers the different types and sources of knowledge, such as a priori versus a posteriori knowledge.
Epistemology is the study of knowledge, including what knowledge is, how it is acquired, and what can be known. There are two main views on how knowledge is acquired: rationalism and empiricism. Rationalists believe some knowledge comes from innate ideas or concepts that are known a priori through intuition or deduction, while empiricists believe all knowledge comes from experience through the senses a posteriori. Rationalists like Descartes argued reason is superior to sense experience as the source of knowledge, while empiricists like Locke argued there are no innate ideas and knowledge comes only from sensation and reflection on sense experiences.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #09 (Psych as Science)Brian Hughes
In short: When considering whether parts of psychology are pseudoscientific, it is worth remembering that psychology as a whole conforms to scientific assumptions much better than many other fields commonly considered (without dispute) to be 'sciences'.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #10 (Psych: Phil of Sci)Brian Hughes
This document discusses whether psychology is a science. It presents tables comparing features of established sciences like physics and chemistry to psychology and other fields like astrology and UFOlogy. While psychology shares some features with other sciences like empirical falsifiability and measurement accuracy, it also has challenges like indirect observation and non-quantifiability. The document concludes that while psychology faces issues of degree compared to other sciences, it is still a competent science, as science is defined by its aims and assumptions rather than appearances. It is also discussed how effective a science psychology can be through comparisons to other fields and its historical development.
This document contains references and information from multiple psychology studies and sources. It discusses the scientific principles of psychology, including empirical falsifiability, parsimony of theory, experimental control, and measurement accuracy. It also addresses debates around whether psychology can be considered a true science and examines issues like the placebo problem, expertise problem, and experience problem in psychotherapy research.
This document provides an overview of psychology as a science and discusses various ways of knowing, including empirical and non-empirical methods. It describes science as empirical, objective, self-correcting, and tentative/progressive. Nonempirical ways of knowing like authority, logic, and common sense are discussed alongside their limitations, contrasting them with the empirical scientific method which relies on objective evidence over intuition.
This document provides an overview of personality psychology and some of the challenges involved in studying personality. It discusses Sigmund Freud's early work with Joseph Breuer and their patient known as Anna O., whose symptoms of hysteria improved during hypnotic-like states where she could recall and express emotions related to past traumatic events. The document also outlines some of the quantitative and qualitative research methods used in personality psychology, noting challenges like accurately measuring personality traits and controlling for variables when studying complex human subjects.
Epistemology is the study of knowledge, including what knowledge is, how it is acquired, and what can be known. There are various theories about the nature of knowledge and truth, and whether knowledge requires justified true belief. Skepticism questions whether justification and truth are possible to determine, and how we can know we understand the world correctly. Epistemology also considers the different types and sources of knowledge, such as a priori versus a posteriori knowledge.
Epistemology is the study of knowledge, including what knowledge is, how it is acquired, and what can be known. There are two main views on how knowledge is acquired: rationalism and empiricism. Rationalists believe some knowledge comes from innate ideas or concepts that are known a priori through intuition or deduction, while empiricists believe all knowledge comes from experience through the senses a posteriori. Rationalists like Descartes argued reason is superior to sense experience as the source of knowledge, while empiricists like Locke argued there are no innate ideas and knowledge comes only from sensation and reflection on sense experiences.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #05 (Randomness Fails)Brian Hughes
In short: Fundamental human observation allows the detection of patterns from vague information, but in so doing leaves us prone to attributing inaccurate meaning to what we see and hear. In other words, our senses do in fact lie. Sometimes.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #02 (Appearance of Science)Brian Hughes
In short: Whether something is 'science' depends on its processes and underlying philosophies, and not on its superficial appearances. Hence, stuff can sometimes appear 'scientific' when it is actually not scientific at all...AND SIMILARLY, stuff can sometimes appear 'unscientific' or silly, when it is actually perfectly scientific and reasonable.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #03 (Nature of Science)Brian Hughes
In short: As the world has figured out ways of sorting reliable information from unreliable information, so philosophy has had to figure out ways of demarcating science from 'pseudo-'science.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #01 (Introduction)Brian Hughes
In short: These presentations comprise 'Psychology, Science, & Pseudoscience', my 2011/12 class for undergrads at the National University of Ireland, Galway. The first message is: science isn't always what it seems
This document provides a summary of the history and theories of educational technology:
- It outlines the evolution of educational technology from early 20th century teaching machines to modern mobile learning. Key developments discussed include computer-assisted instruction, online learning environments, and the rise of mobile devices for learning.
- Theories of learning with technology discussed include Dewey's instrumental inquiry, Engeström's activity theory, and Pask's conversation theory. These emphasize learning as an active, social, tool-mediated process.
- Evaluating learning is discussed, highlighting John Hattie's meta-analyses of influences on student achievement and the importance of feedback.
- The document concludes by noting new perspectives from learning sciences and
Human Growth & Development: Developmental Psychology. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen...Theresa Lowry-Lehnen
Developmental psychology examines human growth and change across the lifespan, from infancy through late adulthood, exploring topics like cognitive, social, and emotional development through a variety of theoretical perspectives including psychoanalytic, behaviorist, social learning, and cognitive theories. Major debates in the field include the relative influences of nature versus nurture and continuity versus discontinuity of development. The study of developmental psychology is important for understanding human potential and applying that knowledge across various disciplines like education, health care, and public policy.
The document discusses growth and development in children. It defines growth as a quantitative increase in body size through cell multiplication, while development is the qualitative functional and physiological maturation of an individual. The principles of growth include cephalocaudal development from head to tail, proximodistal development from center to extremities, and general to specific development from broad abilities to fine motor skills. Factors that influence development are genetic, prenatal such as maternal health, and postnatal including nutrition, environment and socioeconomic status. The document outlines assessments of physical growth parameters and developmental milestones.
Theories in the natural sciences aim to explain and predict phenomena, and must be empirically testable or lead to verifiable predictions. However, theories in the human sciences are often difficult to test and rarely make precise predictions due to the complexity of human behaviors and systems. While some view theories in social sciences as unscientific due to a lack of potential for falsification, others argue they are still sciences but may require new tools like computer modeling to develop theories given their complexity. There is no consensus on what makes theories in different domains convincing.
Anomalistic psychology studies extraordinary experiences like telepathy, clairvoyance, experiences of UFOs and ghosts. It attempts to explain these experiences through normal psychological and physical factors rather than assuming they are paranormal. This differs from parapsychology which seeks evidence for paranormal explanations. Key issues discussed include distinguishing science from pseudoscience, examples of fraud in parapsychology research, and criticisms of parapsychology from the perspectives of anomalistic psychology and scientific standards of evidence.
The document discusses different views of scientific method, including:
1) The simplistic view that unbiased observation precedes theory is incorrect, as what we observe depends on our existing knowledge and theories.
2) Induction is problematic because there are multiple possible generalizations from any set of facts.
3) Falsificationism holds that theories should aim to disprove, not prove, themselves through falsifiable predictions. However, it is difficult to definitively falsify theories.
4) Scientism claims science can explain all human aspects, but this is self-refuting and ignores aspects beyond scientific quantification.
This document discusses reasons for believing in miracles described in the Bible. It begins by posing common objections to miracles such as that they contradict science, lack historical basis, and God does not perform miracles today. It then examines three options for whether miracles have occurred: no, maybe, or yes. Subsequent sections address arguments that miracles are not possible due to naturalism, and responses to Hume's denial of miracles. The document argues that miracles involve a supernatural agency briefly suspending natural laws. It notes that miracles occurred in brief clusters corresponding to key periods in the Bible. In the end, the key issue is whether God exists, as miracles are only implausible from a naturalistic
This document provides a critical evaluation of the leading theories regarding the origins of reported alien abduction experiences. It examines evidence for theories that abduction experiences are caused by deception, suggestibility, personality factors, sleep phenomena, psychopathology, environmental influences, or actual alien encounters. The document finds that while no single theory has enough empirical support to fully explain abduction experiences, the evidence does not conclusively rule out any theories either. It argues that abduction experiences are likely multifactorial phenomena with complex origins. More research is needed to better understand the nature and causes of reported abduction experiences.
All follow-up responses should require 250-300 words.#1F.docxSHIVA101531
The document discusses the differences between null and alternative hypotheses. A null hypothesis posits that there is no relationship between the variables being studied, while an alternative hypothesis states that a relationship does exist. Qualitative research methods do not typically use hypotheses because they are exploratory rather than designed for hypothesis testing. The author then provides their own hypothesis for a research proposal on extraterrestrial life, which is that aliens have influenced human evolution.
The document discusses where hypotheses come from in scientific research. It begins by defining a hypothesis as a suggested explanation for an observable phenomenon, event, or scientific problem that can be tested. Hypotheses are generated through a variety of methods, including making logical guesses based on prior knowledge, observing patterns in natural phenomena, and testing ideas to find connections between variables. The document emphasizes that hypotheses allow scientists to make predictions that can be empirically tested, with hypotheses that are supported being elevated to theories and those not supported being rejected or refined.
The abduction experience - A critical evaluation of theory and evidence by st...BETA-UFO Indonesia
This document provides a critical evaluation of the leading theories regarding the origins of reported alien abduction experiences. It examines evidence for theories that abductions are due to deception, suggestibility, personality factors, sleep phenomena, psychopathology, environmental influences, or actual alien encounters. The document finds that while no single theory has strong empirical support, reported abductions seem to genuinely describe subjective experiences and are not simply hoaxes in most cases. Hypnotizability studies also find abduction experiencers are not generally more suggestible. The document calls for more research on the multifactorial nature of what causes the reported abduction experience.
The Scientific Method (Course on Research Methods)Julie Greensmith
A lecture on the history, philosophy and process of conducting scientific inquiry. Also includes thoughts on challenges for scientists today. Presented to students of MSc level (UK). Produced for the University of Nottingham (c).
This document provides an overview of scientific thinking and the scientific method. It discusses different ways of knowing, including through authority, logic, and empiricism. The key characteristics of science are that questions must be answerable, theories are tentative and open to revision, and theories can be falsified through experiments. The scientific method involves making observations, asking questions, developing hypotheses, and testing hypotheses through experiments. The document contrasts science with pseudoscience and provides examples to illustrate the differences.
This document discusses various theories of truth and their application to media practice. It outlines four main theories of truth: coherence theory, pragmatist theory, correspondence theory, and discusses how each views what constitutes truth. It then examines how these different theories of truth can influence media practice. Specifically, it notes that media aims to communicate truth to its audiences but different views of truth - such as subjective vs. objective - lead to different approaches in newsgathering and reporting.
This document discusses hypotheses, which are tentative theories or educated guesses about the real world or a population. A hypothesis aims to explain facts and makes testable predictions about what may happen in certain circumstances. Research hypotheses are created by researchers to speculate about the outcome of an experiment. There are two main kinds of hypotheses: the null hypothesis, which expresses no difference or relationship, and the alternative hypothesis, which is accepted if the null is rejected. When testing a hypothesis, there is a chance of making Type I or Type II errors in rejecting or accepting the null hypothesis.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #05 (Randomness Fails)Brian Hughes
In short: Fundamental human observation allows the detection of patterns from vague information, but in so doing leaves us prone to attributing inaccurate meaning to what we see and hear. In other words, our senses do in fact lie. Sometimes.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #02 (Appearance of Science)Brian Hughes
In short: Whether something is 'science' depends on its processes and underlying philosophies, and not on its superficial appearances. Hence, stuff can sometimes appear 'scientific' when it is actually not scientific at all...AND SIMILARLY, stuff can sometimes appear 'unscientific' or silly, when it is actually perfectly scientific and reasonable.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #03 (Nature of Science)Brian Hughes
In short: As the world has figured out ways of sorting reliable information from unreliable information, so philosophy has had to figure out ways of demarcating science from 'pseudo-'science.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #01 (Introduction)Brian Hughes
In short: These presentations comprise 'Psychology, Science, & Pseudoscience', my 2011/12 class for undergrads at the National University of Ireland, Galway. The first message is: science isn't always what it seems
This document provides a summary of the history and theories of educational technology:
- It outlines the evolution of educational technology from early 20th century teaching machines to modern mobile learning. Key developments discussed include computer-assisted instruction, online learning environments, and the rise of mobile devices for learning.
- Theories of learning with technology discussed include Dewey's instrumental inquiry, Engeström's activity theory, and Pask's conversation theory. These emphasize learning as an active, social, tool-mediated process.
- Evaluating learning is discussed, highlighting John Hattie's meta-analyses of influences on student achievement and the importance of feedback.
- The document concludes by noting new perspectives from learning sciences and
Human Growth & Development: Developmental Psychology. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen...Theresa Lowry-Lehnen
Developmental psychology examines human growth and change across the lifespan, from infancy through late adulthood, exploring topics like cognitive, social, and emotional development through a variety of theoretical perspectives including psychoanalytic, behaviorist, social learning, and cognitive theories. Major debates in the field include the relative influences of nature versus nurture and continuity versus discontinuity of development. The study of developmental psychology is important for understanding human potential and applying that knowledge across various disciplines like education, health care, and public policy.
The document discusses growth and development in children. It defines growth as a quantitative increase in body size through cell multiplication, while development is the qualitative functional and physiological maturation of an individual. The principles of growth include cephalocaudal development from head to tail, proximodistal development from center to extremities, and general to specific development from broad abilities to fine motor skills. Factors that influence development are genetic, prenatal such as maternal health, and postnatal including nutrition, environment and socioeconomic status. The document outlines assessments of physical growth parameters and developmental milestones.
Theories in the natural sciences aim to explain and predict phenomena, and must be empirically testable or lead to verifiable predictions. However, theories in the human sciences are often difficult to test and rarely make precise predictions due to the complexity of human behaviors and systems. While some view theories in social sciences as unscientific due to a lack of potential for falsification, others argue they are still sciences but may require new tools like computer modeling to develop theories given their complexity. There is no consensus on what makes theories in different domains convincing.
Anomalistic psychology studies extraordinary experiences like telepathy, clairvoyance, experiences of UFOs and ghosts. It attempts to explain these experiences through normal psychological and physical factors rather than assuming they are paranormal. This differs from parapsychology which seeks evidence for paranormal explanations. Key issues discussed include distinguishing science from pseudoscience, examples of fraud in parapsychology research, and criticisms of parapsychology from the perspectives of anomalistic psychology and scientific standards of evidence.
The document discusses different views of scientific method, including:
1) The simplistic view that unbiased observation precedes theory is incorrect, as what we observe depends on our existing knowledge and theories.
2) Induction is problematic because there are multiple possible generalizations from any set of facts.
3) Falsificationism holds that theories should aim to disprove, not prove, themselves through falsifiable predictions. However, it is difficult to definitively falsify theories.
4) Scientism claims science can explain all human aspects, but this is self-refuting and ignores aspects beyond scientific quantification.
This document discusses reasons for believing in miracles described in the Bible. It begins by posing common objections to miracles such as that they contradict science, lack historical basis, and God does not perform miracles today. It then examines three options for whether miracles have occurred: no, maybe, or yes. Subsequent sections address arguments that miracles are not possible due to naturalism, and responses to Hume's denial of miracles. The document argues that miracles involve a supernatural agency briefly suspending natural laws. It notes that miracles occurred in brief clusters corresponding to key periods in the Bible. In the end, the key issue is whether God exists, as miracles are only implausible from a naturalistic
This document provides a critical evaluation of the leading theories regarding the origins of reported alien abduction experiences. It examines evidence for theories that abduction experiences are caused by deception, suggestibility, personality factors, sleep phenomena, psychopathology, environmental influences, or actual alien encounters. The document finds that while no single theory has enough empirical support to fully explain abduction experiences, the evidence does not conclusively rule out any theories either. It argues that abduction experiences are likely multifactorial phenomena with complex origins. More research is needed to better understand the nature and causes of reported abduction experiences.
All follow-up responses should require 250-300 words.#1F.docxSHIVA101531
The document discusses the differences between null and alternative hypotheses. A null hypothesis posits that there is no relationship between the variables being studied, while an alternative hypothesis states that a relationship does exist. Qualitative research methods do not typically use hypotheses because they are exploratory rather than designed for hypothesis testing. The author then provides their own hypothesis for a research proposal on extraterrestrial life, which is that aliens have influenced human evolution.
The document discusses where hypotheses come from in scientific research. It begins by defining a hypothesis as a suggested explanation for an observable phenomenon, event, or scientific problem that can be tested. Hypotheses are generated through a variety of methods, including making logical guesses based on prior knowledge, observing patterns in natural phenomena, and testing ideas to find connections between variables. The document emphasizes that hypotheses allow scientists to make predictions that can be empirically tested, with hypotheses that are supported being elevated to theories and those not supported being rejected or refined.
The abduction experience - A critical evaluation of theory and evidence by st...BETA-UFO Indonesia
This document provides a critical evaluation of the leading theories regarding the origins of reported alien abduction experiences. It examines evidence for theories that abductions are due to deception, suggestibility, personality factors, sleep phenomena, psychopathology, environmental influences, or actual alien encounters. The document finds that while no single theory has strong empirical support, reported abductions seem to genuinely describe subjective experiences and are not simply hoaxes in most cases. Hypnotizability studies also find abduction experiencers are not generally more suggestible. The document calls for more research on the multifactorial nature of what causes the reported abduction experience.
The Scientific Method (Course on Research Methods)Julie Greensmith
A lecture on the history, philosophy and process of conducting scientific inquiry. Also includes thoughts on challenges for scientists today. Presented to students of MSc level (UK). Produced for the University of Nottingham (c).
This document provides an overview of scientific thinking and the scientific method. It discusses different ways of knowing, including through authority, logic, and empiricism. The key characteristics of science are that questions must be answerable, theories are tentative and open to revision, and theories can be falsified through experiments. The scientific method involves making observations, asking questions, developing hypotheses, and testing hypotheses through experiments. The document contrasts science with pseudoscience and provides examples to illustrate the differences.
This document discusses various theories of truth and their application to media practice. It outlines four main theories of truth: coherence theory, pragmatist theory, correspondence theory, and discusses how each views what constitutes truth. It then examines how these different theories of truth can influence media practice. Specifically, it notes that media aims to communicate truth to its audiences but different views of truth - such as subjective vs. objective - lead to different approaches in newsgathering and reporting.
This document discusses hypotheses, which are tentative theories or educated guesses about the real world or a population. A hypothesis aims to explain facts and makes testable predictions about what may happen in certain circumstances. Research hypotheses are created by researchers to speculate about the outcome of an experiment. There are two main kinds of hypotheses: the null hypothesis, which expresses no difference or relationship, and the alternative hypothesis, which is accepted if the null is rejected. When testing a hypothesis, there is a chance of making Type I or Type II errors in rejecting or accepting the null hypothesis.
Why do clever osteopaths believe stupid things?
The International Academy of Osteopathy
http://www.osteopathie.eu/en
http://www.osteopathie.eu/en/publications
info@osteopathy.eu
Philosophy of science 1 intro i and quantitative researchDavid Engelby
This document provides an introduction to philosophy of science concepts. It discusses key differences between natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Natural sciences aim to explain causes through hypothesis testing and quantitative methods, while social sciences seek to understand human actions and their causes through qualitative research. The humanities focus on interpreting meanings and intentional explanations. The document also outlines theories of scientific methodology including positivism, falsification, induction, and deduction.
This document discusses logical arguments and fallacies. It provides examples of different types of arguments including identifying the conclusion, reasons/evidence, and assumptions. It then explains common logical fallacies such as appeals to authority, slippery slopes, strawman arguments, and false causes. The document cautions that correlation does not necessarily imply causation and uses examples to illustrate this point.
Similar to Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #04 (Sci vs. Pseudosci) (18)
[EDIT: Video of lecture now at: http://thesciencebit.net/2015/03/08/the-point-of-psychology-and-how-it-gets-missed-directors-cut/]
Slides from keynote lecture by Professor Brian Hughes at the Psychological Society of Ireland Early Graduate Group national conference, 28 February 2015
The document discusses various cognitive biases and logical fallacies that cause human irrationality and delusional beliefs. It presents research showing people have difficulties with probabilistic reasoning and are overconfident in their abilities. While delusions may serve protective functions, their prevalence is not evidence that they are good. The persistence of irrational and counter-evidential beliefs informs how society addresses delusional thinking.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #20 (Mystic, Postmod, Econ)Brian Hughes
The document discusses why pseudoscience is popular despite flawed reasoning. Socio-cultural explanations include people finding consolation in mysticism. Some academics promote pseudoscience as a protest against science. Economically, pseudoscience provides benefits to providers and consumers by presenting a "low tax" alternative to empiricism. Both providers and consumers have disincentives for rigorously scrutinizing pseudoscientific claims.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #11 (CAM: Homeopathy)Brian Hughes
In short: Complementary and alternative therapies have in common (a) biological implausibility and (b) therapeutic inefficacy. Our first example is homeopathy
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #12 (CAM cont.)Brian Hughes
In short: Like homeopathy complementary/alternative therapies such as acupuncture and chiropractic lack plausibility and efficacy, despite claims to the contrary. Placebo and other psychological effects of treatments may explain their popularity.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #19 (Popularity of Pseudosci)Brian Hughes
In short: While people can find reasoning difficult, we still need to account for their gravitation toward pseudoscience. This might be due to factors such as a fear of negative change or of technology.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #16 (Social Cognition)Brian Hughes
This document discusses social cognition models, which are commonly used in health psychology research to predict health behaviors. It summarizes criticisms of social cognition models, such as that they lack falsifiability, have tautological relationships between predictors and outcomes, and involve vague measurements. While social cognition models are widely applied, some argue they show signs of being pseudoscience due to issues like lack of parsimony, unfalsifiability, and exaggerated importance placed on key constructs. The document questions whether social cognition models truly qualify as pseudoscience or if criticisms reflect valid concerns about construct validity, model redundancy, and overreliance on unsupported hypotheses.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #15 (Tend-and-Befriend)Brian Hughes
In short: Continuing the case-study on 'Biological Reductionism and Gender', we look at the claims and criticisms associated with the 'tend-and-befriend' theory of stress.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #14 (Biology and Gender)Brian Hughes
This document discusses examples of potential bias and pseudoscience in psychology related to gender. It provides historical examples from the 1960s and 1950s of prominent psychologists making claims based on prevailing social attitudes rather than scientific evidence, such as suggesting women's primary role is as companions to men. It also discusses potential biases that can occur in psychological research related to accentuating gender differences, using men as the default baseline, and over-interpreting results from male-only samples. Finally, it notes debates around whether gender differences are based on biology or influenced by social situations.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #21 (Conclusion: Why Bother?)Brian Hughes
This document discusses the costs of pseudoscience from a psychological perspective. It outlines how pseudoscience can lead to misinformation that denies genuine health risks or promises illusory benefits. It also discusses how pseudoscience can facilitate fraud and cause adverse health effects. Additionally, the erosion of critical thinking from pseudoscience can undermine empirical knowledge and civic governance. As scientists, psychologists have an ethical duty to promote scientific literacy and skepticism to counter the influence of pseudoscience according to the Psychological Society of Ireland’s code of ethics.
Literacy in the 21st Century: Word, web, wooBrian Hughes
Here is a near-intact draft of the slides from my talk at #celt12 earlier today.
If you download it, you will find that the native pptx file will have the videos embedded and will have retained the original animations.
I'll be blogging about this soon...
This document discusses ability grouping in education. It defines ability grouping and describes how students can be grouped either between or within classes based on performance data. Students are taught at a level and pace suited to their ability group. The theory behind ability grouping is that it allows teachers to better meet student needs. While research shows benefits for high-achieving students, it also indicates risks to self-esteem and less effects for middle and lower students. The document concludes by recommending ability grouping if implemented and monitored correctly to improve student learning outcomes.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Psychology, Science, and Pseudoscience: Class #04 (Sci vs. Pseudosci)
1. PS409
Psychology, Science,
& Pseudoscience
Dr Brian Hughes
School of Psychology
brian.hughes@nuigalway.ie @b_m_hughes
2. Science vs. Pseudoscience
Differences of principle
Pseudoscience Science
Avoids falsifiability Valorises falsifiability
Vagueness in measurement Accuracy in measurement
Unproven as false = true Unproven as false = unproven
Confirmation bias Emphasis on refutation
Lack of parsimony Prioritization of parsimony
Reversed burden of proof Burden on claimant, not critic
3. Unproven as false = unproven
Via http://www.flickr.com/photos/morgantj/
Russell’s “Celestial Teapot”
4. Science vs. Pseudoscience
Differences of practice
Pseudoscience Science
Secrecy of data Publication of data
Science by press conference Peer review
Argument “ad hominem” Argument “ad rem”
Anecdotal evidence Empirical evidence
Appeals to holism Appeals to reductionism
Lack of theoretical agreement Acceptance of paradigms
Exaggerated importance of Shared endeavour
key persons