Download as PPS, PPTX
Uploaded byIvan Consiglio
PHOTOGRAPHY BASICS
This document is from the Canon Training Network and provides an introduction to photography basics. It covers the fundamentals of photography including what photography is, the different types of cameras, and how the key camera settings like shutter speed, aperture, and ISO work to control the exposure and capture of light. It also explains how to properly hold and use a camera and provides examples of different exposure settings and their effects. The goal is to educate beginners on the essentials of photography.
More Related Content
PHOTOGRAPHY BASICS
- 1.
- 2. Level 1 –Photography Basics 2 Canon Training Network.
- 3. Photography Basics Contents What isPhotography What is a camera Camera types How photography works Shutter speed Aperture ISO Using the camera Exposure 3 Canon Training Network.
- 4. Photography Basics What isPhotography? 4 Canon Training Network.
- 5. Photography Basics 5 What is photography? CanonTraining Network.
- 6. Photography Basics What isa Camera? 6 Canon Training Network.
- 7. What is a camera? PhotographyBasics • • Controls to alter the amount of light recorded • 7 A light-tight box to hold film or digital sensor Lens to focus light Canon Training Network.
- 8. Photography Basics Camera Types 8 CanonTraining Network.
- 9. Photography Basics Camera types • Compactor SLR • Aimed at different markets • Compact – Low-end consumer – Point and shoot • SLR – Users with interest in photography 9 Canon Training Network.
- 10. Compact or SLR? Photography Basics Compact SLR • • Larger • Lowercost • More expensive • Small sensor • Larger sensor • Standard performance • Higher performance • More versatile • Through-the-lens viewing • Interchangeable lenses • More user control • 10 Small Extensive accessories Canon Training Network.
- 11. Photography Basics How PhotographyWorks 11 Canon Training Network.
- 12. Photography Basics How photography works • Painting withlight • 3 settings control exposure – Shutter Speed – Aperture – ISO • Measured in ‘stops’ – Half – Third – Full 12 Canon Training Network.
- 13. Photography Basics Shutter Speed 13 CanonTraining Network.
- 14. Photography Basics Shutterspeed • • Most EOS cameras have a range from 30s to 1/8000s • 1/2000s – 1/8000s = very fast shutter speeds • 1/250s – 1/1000s = fast shutter speeds • 1/8s – 1/125s = slow shutter speeds • 14 Measured in stops 30s –1/4s = very slow shutter speeds Canon Training Network.
- 15. Photography Basics Shutter curtains 1st shuttercurtain 2nd shutter curtain 15 Canon Training Network.
- 16.
- 17. Setting shutter speeds Photography Basics Main Dial • • 17 Usethe Main Dial to set shutter speeds Current shutter speed is shown in the LCD display and in the viewfinder Canon Training Network.
- 18. Sync speed Photography Basics 1 Pressshutter button halfway 6 18 3 2 Ambient reading subtracted from ambient and flash reading Press shutter button fully Ambient light reading 8 7 Flash power calculated 5 4 10 9 Shutter opens Combined ambient and flash reading Pre-flash fires Flash fires Shutter closes Canon Training Network.
- 19. Photography Basics Sync speed 1stshutter curtain 2nd shutter curtain 19 Canon Training Network.
- 20. Photography Basics Camera shake • • Generalhand holding rule: use 1 divided by the focal length of the lens, i.e., 1/focal length • E.g. with a 200mm lens, use 1/250s or faster when hand holding • 20 Slow shutter speeds can cause camera shake If shutter speed is less than hand-holding speed, use a tripod Canon Training Network.
- 21. Image Stabilizer Photography Basics • Some lensesfeature Image Stabilizer technology • Helps avoid camera shake with slower shutter speeds • Allows you to hand-hold a lens with a shutter speed 3-5 stops slower than the rule on the previous slide • E.g. 200mm lens should be hand-held at 1/250s but could be hand-held at 1/30s to 1/8s depending on the IS system Hand holding a 200mm lens IS 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/15 1/30 Lower speeds possible with IS on 21 1/60 1/125 1/250 1/500 1/1000 1/2000 1/4000 1/8000 Without IS Canon Training Network.
- 22. Photography Basics Image Stabilizeroff 22 Image Stabilizer examples Image Stabilizer on Canon Training Network.
- 23. Image Stabilizer function Photography Basics • A specialgroup of lens elements are moved to counteract camera shake • Two modes on some lenses – Mode 1 for everyday use – Mode 2 for panning with a subject • 23 EF-S 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS lens automatically detects panning Canon Training Network.
- 24.
- 25. Photography Basics Aperture • • Aperture rangedetermined by lens • Controls amount of light let in • Low number e.g. f/2 lets in more light • 25 Measured in stops called f-stops High number e.g. f/22 lets in less light Canon Training Network.
- 26. Aperture Photography Basics Quick ControlDial • EOS 40D, EOS 5D, EOS-1 series – Use Quick Control Dial to adjust aperture AV Button • EOS 450D – Use AV button and Main Dial to adjust aperture 26 Canon Training Network.
- 27.
- 28. Photography Basics ISO Speeds 28 CanonTraining Network.
- 29. ISO speeds Photography Basics • ISO– the third parameter that controls the amount of light recorded • Measured in stops • Affects the sensitivity of the sensor to light • Range from L (ISO 50) to H (ISO 6400) depending on model ISO Scale 50 29 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400 Canon Training Network.
- 30. Photography Basics ISO range ISO3200 1600 ISO 800 - Very low - Low light light ISO 200 shooting ISO 400 - Image ISO 100 Image Possibility noise for - Good noise for - Good be of some could general - Best quality likely image noise lower light marked shooting 30 Canon Training Network.
- 31. Photography Basics Setting ISO speeds ISOButton • Press the ISO button and rotate the Main Dial ISO Button 31 Canon Training Network.
- 32. Photography Basics Using theCamera 32 Canon Training Network.
- 33. Photography Basics How tohold the camera • • Use a firm grip with the right hand • 33 Support the weight of the camera with the left hand under the lens Use either left or right eye to look through the viewfinder Canon Training Network.
- 34. Photography Basics • Pressing the shutter button 2stages – Half pressure activates the camera, takes an exposure reading and activates autofocus – Full pressure releases the shutter to take a picture 34 Canon Training Network.
- 35.
- 36. Exposure Photography Basics • Exposure iscontrolled by shutter speed, aperture and ISO • These settings balance to give correct exposure • You can use a variety of combinations of these settings and still retain the same exposure 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 All of these combinations give the same exposure f/2.8 36 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 f/22 Canon Training Network.
- 37. Photography Basics Exposure Aperture = sizeof pipe Shutter speed = time tap is open 37 Canon Training Network.
- 38.
- 39. Photography Basics What havewe covered? What is Photography What is a camera Camera types How photography works Shutter speed Aperture ISO Using the camera Exposure 39 Canon Training Network.
Editor's Notes
- #4 These are the topics we will cover in this presentation
- #6 Capturing light on a film or digital sensor. Many genres and styles. Both science and art . Can be for professional use as a job, or simply to record memories.
- #8 - A Camera is a light-tight box to hold film or digital sensor. The Lens focuses the light rays. Various controls to affect how much, and how the light is recorded. Technological changes have occurred, such as digital recording replacing film, but the camera is still essentially the same as it has always been.
- #10 There 2 types of camera in the Canon range. Compact camera like Powershot G9 or IXUS range. SLR cameras like EOS 450D, EOS-1D Mark III. They are aimed at different market segments – Compacts for everyone, SLRs for users more deeply interested in photography.
- #11 - Compacts are suitable for beginners and any user wanting to record memories. - SLRs offers more versatility, higher performance and image quality. However they also requires more input and knowledge from user. - SLRs are suitable for beginners to advanced users.
- #13 Photography means painting with light. The amount of light recorded can be controlled by three settings – shutter speed, aperture and ISO. These settings are measured in ‘stops’ or fractions of stops – full stops, half stops and third stops. A stop is simply a relative measure of light. Each stop change doubles or halves the amount of light recorded. If one light bulb equals one stop, two light bulbs would be two stops, 4 light bulbs would be 3 stops, and 8 light bulbs would be 4 stops etc. Now, some photographic terms that we will use frequently: Aperture: Most photographic lenses contain an iris diaphragm, which made up of a series of interlocking metal blades arranged to leave a hole, or aperture, at the centre. As the blades move, the size of the aperture changes. Shutter Speed: The amount of time the light is allowed to pass through the aperture. ISO: The sensitivity of film emulsion to light is called its 'speed' and is given an ISO (International Standards Organisation) rating, e.g. ISO 50 is a low sensitivity and ISO 1600 high sensitivity. The sensitivity rating of digital sensors follow the same scale.
- #15 The scale shows the full stop scale of shutter speeds.
- #16 Shutters are made of two curtains that move independently. The first shutter curtain moves, then after a period of time, the second shutter moves. They move from top to bottom exposing the sensor as they travel. For fast shutter speeds, the first shutter will not have reached the bottom before the second shutter fires, creating a moving slit of light. In this animation, the red curtain is the first curtain, the grey curtain is the second curtain.
- #17 Here we see examples of how the same subject (a water fountain) shot at different shutter speeds can look very different. Slow shutter speeds allow the water to blur creating an impression of movement. Fast shutter speeds ‘freeze’ the water movement.
- #18 The main command dial is located just behind the shutter button. Rotate this to change shutter speeds. The current speed will be shown on the rear LCD display or the top panel LCD display and in the viewfinder.
- #19 When you take a picture using flash, these are the steps the camera goes through to ensure a correct flash exposure.
- #20 When using flash, the flash duration is very short and the flash has to fire at the same time as the shutter is open. With fast shutter speeds the shutter opening is only a narrow slit that travels across the sensor, so a single flash burst will only illuminate that slit. The result would be that only a narrow band is exposed on the sensor or film. The maximum shutter speed at which the flash can illuminate the whole scene because both shutter curtains are fully open is called the synchronisation or sync speed. With settings faster than the maximum sync speed, the flash – if it is able to – must fire repeatedly during the exposure to expose each part of the image. However this rapid flashing or ‘strobing’ does reduce flash power and therefore the distance at which the flash can be effective.
- #21 Slow shutter speeds can cause the camera to move during the exposure creating images which are not sharp. This is called camera shake. When hand-holding the camera try to use a shutter speed at least as fast as the focal length of the lens. e.g. 200mm lens – use a shutter speed of 1/200s or faster (in practice the nearest marked speed is 1/250s) 50mm lens – shutter speed of 1/50s or faster (the nearest marked speed is 1/60s)
- #22 Certain lenses feature an Image Stabilizer function. This helps compensate for slow shutter speeds and allows you to continue hand –holding when using slower shutter speeds. It cannot counteract subject movement. Depending on the lens, Image Stabilization provides 3-5 stops of effective shutter speed increase (i.e. you can hand hold the camera and lens at shutter speeds 3-5 stops slower than you could with Image Stabilization switched off )
- #23 Left – IS turned OFF – note the image blur caused by camera shake. Right – IS turned ON – camera shake is reduced and the image becomes much sharper.
- #24 The IS feature is only found on some lenses. Mode 2 function for panning is not found on all IS lenses. IS functions by detecting the movement of the camera and moving a specific lens group to bend the light rays back to parallel.
- #26 The Aperture is the size of the hole in the lens. It regulates the amount of light coming into the camera. A bigger hole allows more light to pass, and a smaller hole allows less light.
- #27 The aperture is adjusted in slightly different ways according to the camera model.
- #28 Taken with an EF50mm f/1.2L USM lens. Shows apertures changing from f/1.2 to f/16 in whole stop increments.
- #30 ISO stands for International Standards Organisation. The ISO scale is a rating of the sensitivity of film to light, originally for film use. The term and ratings have been carried over to digital to ensure parity and easy understanding by users. Each increase on the scale effectively makes the sensor twice as sensitive to light. In fact, changing the ISO does not affect the sensor at all, it simply changes the amplification of the signal received from the sensor.
- #31 Changing the ISO rating does affect the image in more ways than just modifying the exposure. As with film, higher ISO ratings produce more grain, or digital noise. This appears as speckles in the image. High ISO ratings also create larger file sizes so fewer images can fit on a card. The following sequence shows ISO 100 to ISO 3200 with an EOS 40D.
- #32 Setting the ISO is quick and easy. The ISO speed is displayed in the LCD panel on the top (for the EOS 40D, EOS 5D and EOS-1 series cameras) and on the rear LCD screen for the EOS 450D. Some cameras e.g. EOS 450D have a second way to change the ISO, by pressing the ISO button and using the cross keys on the rear of the camera.
- #34 Holding the camera correctly can have a beneficial effect on the sharpness of the photographs. It also makes the camera more comfortable to use especially when using the camera for long periods.
- #35 The shutter button has two stages – a first half pressure activates the camera, then pressing it fully down releases the shutter to take a picture.
- #37 As we have learned the exposure can be adjusted by changing the shutter speed, aperture, or ISO or by a combination of all three settings. Certain combinations of shutter speed and aperture give the same exposure – i.e. The camera might indicate an exposure of 1/125s at f/8 to give correct exposure. For this same light condition you could also use 1/1000s at f/2.8, or 1/15s at f/22 and still get the same exposure – although the resulting image might look somewhat different in terms of subject movement and depth of field. The green scale shows various possible shutter speed and aperture combinations that would give the same exposure for this particular light level.
- #38 If we filled a glass with water using a pipe, it could be filled quickly – using a large diameter pipe, or if using a narrow pipe - slow. In this example the pipe diameter can be considered similar to the aperture of a lens, and the time it takes to fill the glass is similar to the shutter speed.
- #39 The three images that follow show 1) the correct exposure, 2) too little exposure (underexposure) and 3) too much exposure (overexposure). Although the camera will get the exposure right most of the time, it simply reads REFLECTED light. This works well, but if the subject reflects a lot of light, or not very much light – i.e. is very light or dark – the exposure reading made by the camera could be incorrect. This particular subject will be covered in more detail in Level 2.
- #40 If you have any questions, please ask.