ASM 2013 Fluxtrol Presentation - Enhancing Inductor Coil ReliabilityFluxtrol Inc.
http://fluxtrol.com
In induction hardening, thermal fatigue is one of the main failure modes of induction heating coils. There have been papers published that describe this failure mode and others that describe some good design practices [1-3]. The variables previously identified as the sources of thermal fatigue include radiation from the part surface, frequency, current, concentrator losses, water pressure and coil wall thickness. However, there is very little quantitative data on the factors that influence thermal fatigue in induction coils available in the public domain. By using finite element analysis software this study analyzes the effect of common design variables of inductor cooling, and quantifies the relative importance of these variables. A comprehensive case study for a single shot induction coil with Fluxtrol A concentrator applied is used for the analysis.
Needle flame tester is the needle-shaped burner by a certain size, fill the inside with a specific gas (butane), and at 45 ° angle by fixed time and certain direction to test products, Assess the fire hazard of small flames caused by fault conditions inside the equipment, depending on the test sample Whether ignited, and its ignition time and combustion Length.more view on http://www.qinsun-lab.com/Products/Property/Flammability/165.html
Fullerenes Synthesis Using Fabricated Arc Discharge System with Relatively La...iosrjce
Arc discharge technique is still one of the popular techniques for producing fullerenes. This work
describes an arc discharge installation with a chamber size of 140 mm diameter and 500 mm length that is able
to produce fullerenes. Fullerenes solid was extracted from carbon soot collected from the arc discharge system
at various experimental conditions of discharge current and chamber pressure using the solvent extraction
technique. Fullerenes yield of up to 6 to 8 % was extracted from the fabricated discharge system which was
higher when compared to the 3-4 % yield produced by an arc discharge system of 100 mm diameter and 200
mm length. The fabricated discharge system gave the best fullerenes percentage yield of 8 % at arc current of
150 A and 100 Torr of chamber pressure. Increase in inert atmosphere from 100 to 200 Torr on the amount of
carbon soot vapourization but inhibited the percentage fullerenes yield from 8 to 6 %. Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) and Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy analysis carried out on all fullerenes solid
extracted revealed the presence of fullerenes. The fabricated arc discharge system suggests that large chamber
size could promote the formation the synthesis of fullerenes.
ASM 2013 Fluxtrol Presentation - Enhancing Inductor Coil ReliabilityFluxtrol Inc.
http://fluxtrol.com
In induction hardening, thermal fatigue is one of the main failure modes of induction heating coils. There have been papers published that describe this failure mode and others that describe some good design practices [1-3]. The variables previously identified as the sources of thermal fatigue include radiation from the part surface, frequency, current, concentrator losses, water pressure and coil wall thickness. However, there is very little quantitative data on the factors that influence thermal fatigue in induction coils available in the public domain. By using finite element analysis software this study analyzes the effect of common design variables of inductor cooling, and quantifies the relative importance of these variables. A comprehensive case study for a single shot induction coil with Fluxtrol A concentrator applied is used for the analysis.
Needle flame tester is the needle-shaped burner by a certain size, fill the inside with a specific gas (butane), and at 45 ° angle by fixed time and certain direction to test products, Assess the fire hazard of small flames caused by fault conditions inside the equipment, depending on the test sample Whether ignited, and its ignition time and combustion Length.more view on http://www.qinsun-lab.com/Products/Property/Flammability/165.html
Fullerenes Synthesis Using Fabricated Arc Discharge System with Relatively La...iosrjce
Arc discharge technique is still one of the popular techniques for producing fullerenes. This work
describes an arc discharge installation with a chamber size of 140 mm diameter and 500 mm length that is able
to produce fullerenes. Fullerenes solid was extracted from carbon soot collected from the arc discharge system
at various experimental conditions of discharge current and chamber pressure using the solvent extraction
technique. Fullerenes yield of up to 6 to 8 % was extracted from the fabricated discharge system which was
higher when compared to the 3-4 % yield produced by an arc discharge system of 100 mm diameter and 200
mm length. The fabricated discharge system gave the best fullerenes percentage yield of 8 % at arc current of
150 A and 100 Torr of chamber pressure. Increase in inert atmosphere from 100 to 200 Torr on the amount of
carbon soot vapourization but inhibited the percentage fullerenes yield from 8 to 6 %. Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) and Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy analysis carried out on all fullerenes solid
extracted revealed the presence of fullerenes. The fabricated arc discharge system suggests that large chamber
size could promote the formation the synthesis of fullerenes.
Fluxtrol's "Best Practice for Design and Manufacturing of Heat Treating Induc...Fluxtrol Inc.
With the use of good design practices, one can improve coil longevity and improve production quality. By eliminating failure points in the initial design, proper material selection, improved cooling and proper magnetic flux control, induction tooling life can be increased. Computer simulation has been proven to be an effective tool for predicting not only electromagnetic parameters of a designed system, but also heat patterns in a given part and in the induction coil itself. When a coil has magnetic flux controllers present, their influence may also be predicted by computer simulation. With an extensive library of published case studies in induction coil design and performance evaluations, we are confident with the use of these tools and proper coil geometries and implementation, production life and quality can be improved on most induction heat treating inductors. These design practices have been used by the authors for over 20 years with proven results. A case is examined of a CVJ stem hardening coil, in which the principles discussed can be applied to most other hardening coils.
MAGNETIC FLUX CONTROL IN INDUCTION INSTALLATIONSFluxtrol Inc.
http://fluxtrol.com
It is well known that performance of some induction systems may be
significantly improved by application of magnetic flux controllers. They are used to
concentrate, shield and/or redistribute the magnetic field which generates power in the part. Theoretical and practical evidences are presented in the paper, which show that there is still significant potential for improvement in innovative and traditional induction technologies due to magnetic flux control. Utilizing magnetic flux controllers in heat treating processes results in excellent heat pattern control and improvement of parameters of inductors and entire power delivery systems. In melting systems, especially in the case of vacuum furnaces, cold crucible and other specialty furnaces, the magnetic control can provide energy savings, magnetic field shielding, shorter melting cycles and optimized field distribution for metallurgical processes. Comparison of different groups of materials for magnetic flux control (laminations, ferrites and Soft Magnetic Composites, aka Magnetodielectrics) is also presented in the paper. Several examples of magnetic flux control illustrate the presented material based on more than 20 years of R&D and practical experience of scientists and practitioners at Fluxtrol Inc.
Presentation on Carburizing (Heat Treatment Process).
Presented To,
Engr. Ubaid-ur-Rehman Ghouri, Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, UET Lahore (RCET Campus).
Presented By,
Muhammad Zeeshan
Zahid Mehmood
Ali Iqbal
Muhammad Waqas
Particulate Sintering of Iron Ore and Empirical Analysis of Sintering Time Ba...IOSR Journals
Particulate sintering of iron ore has been carried out using the necessary ingredients. Empirical
analysis of the sintering time based on the coke breeze input concentration and ignition temperature were also
successfully obtained through first principle application of a derived model which functioned as a evaluative
tool. The derived model;
S = (√T)0.95 + 0.0012α
indicates that amongst ignition temperature and coke breeze input, sintering time is more significantly affected
by the coke breeze input concentration. This is based on the higher correlation it makes with sintering time
compared to applied ignition temperature, all other process parameters being constant. The validity of the
model was rooted in the core expression S – Kα ≈ (√T )N where both sides of the expression are correspondingly
approximately almost equal. Sintering time per unit rise in the operated ignition temperature as obtained from
experiment, derived model and regression model were evaluated as 0.0169, 0.0128 and 0.0159 mins. / 0C
respectively. Similarly, sintering time per unit coke breeze input concentration as obtained from experiment,
derived model and regression model were evaluated as 4.0, 3.0183 and 3.7537 mins./ % respectively indicating a
significant proximate agreement and validity of the model. The standard error (STEYX) incurred in predicting
sintering time for each value of the ignition temperature and coke breeze input concentration considered, as
obtained from the experiment, derived model and regression model are 1.6646, 0.7678 and 2.98 x10-5 % as well
as 2.2128, 1.0264 and 1.2379% respectively. The maximum deviation of mode-predicted results from the
corresponding experimental values was less than 11%.
Hot Hydroforging of Lightweight Bilateral Gears and Hollow ProductsFluxtrol Inc.
Feasibility of making lightweight powertrain products with hot hydroforging of steel/low density material hybrid billets is explored. A bimaterial billet is designed such that a steel wall encloses a low density core 100%. Furthermore the low density core is selected among the materials that have lower melting or softening temperature than steel such as aluminum and glass. In hot hydroforging the bimaterial billet is heated to 1000-1200 C range similar to the conventional hot forging of steel. However, in hot hydroforging the core is in liquid or viscous state while steel shell is in solid state similar to the conventional hydroforming. During hot hydroforging the viscous/liquid core has negligible resistance to flow thereby providing a uniform hydrostatic pressure inside the steel and enabling a uniform deformation of the solid steel wall.
Chapter 5: Magnetic Flux Control for Induction Heating SystemsFluxtrol Inc.
http://fluxtrol.com
Chapter 5: Magnetic Flux Control for Induction Heating Systems
Includes: Magentic Flux Concentrators, Process Improvements, Production Efficiencies, Simulation and Design.
Magnetic FLux Control in Induction Systems - Fluxtrol Heat Processing Paper Fluxtrol Inc.
By Dr. Valentin Nemkov - Fluxtrol Inc.
Magnetic flux controllers are widely used in induction heating systems for concentration, shielding or redistribution of
the magnetic field which generates power in the part to be heated. Controllers, made of Soft Magnetic Composites
(SMC), provide accurate heat pattern control, improve parameters of inductors and performance of the entire installation.
In melting systems, especially in the case of vacuum furnaces, cold crucible and other specialty furnaces, the magnetic
control can provide large energy savings, magnetic field shielding, shorter melting cycles and optimized field distribution
for enhancement of the metallurgical processes. Due to the diversity of applications, service conditions of controllers
are very different including very severe cases. Mechanical, magnetic, electrical, thermal and other properties must be
considered in design and application of SMC. This article describes properties and performance of SMC typically used
in induction heating technology. Several presented case stories are based on more than 20 years of R&D and practical
experience of scientists and practitioners at Fluxtrol, Inc. Presented material may be interesting not only for induction
heating community but also for all people using AC magnetic fields in technological processes.
Thermal performance & fire resistance of autoclaved aerated concrete exposed ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Thermal performance & fire resistance of autoclaved aerated concrete expo...eSAT Journals
Abstract Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is also being produced for many years, there are still some points that need to be clarified. One of these points needs to know is humidity intrusion effects on AAC members in areas with high relative humidity levels of Mediterranean climates which are important in durability and insulation properties of AAC. Therefore, some tests on mechanical and physical properties of ACC concrete carried out. These include thermal insulation and fire resistance tests under different level of humidity ACC blocks. According to the test results; increasing in humidity condition inside the chamber during heating procedure under steady state condition, caused increasing in average temperature change on outside surface of AAC wall. AAC losses its mass and mechanical properties subjected to the high elevated temperature above 500°C. Keywords: Thermal performance, AAC, fire resistance test, humidity
One of the welding processes that used in Engineering field is the TIG welding. There are several types of welding processes similar to this, but tig welding has its unique features.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
Fluxtrol's "Best Practice for Design and Manufacturing of Heat Treating Induc...Fluxtrol Inc.
With the use of good design practices, one can improve coil longevity and improve production quality. By eliminating failure points in the initial design, proper material selection, improved cooling and proper magnetic flux control, induction tooling life can be increased. Computer simulation has been proven to be an effective tool for predicting not only electromagnetic parameters of a designed system, but also heat patterns in a given part and in the induction coil itself. When a coil has magnetic flux controllers present, their influence may also be predicted by computer simulation. With an extensive library of published case studies in induction coil design and performance evaluations, we are confident with the use of these tools and proper coil geometries and implementation, production life and quality can be improved on most induction heat treating inductors. These design practices have been used by the authors for over 20 years with proven results. A case is examined of a CVJ stem hardening coil, in which the principles discussed can be applied to most other hardening coils.
MAGNETIC FLUX CONTROL IN INDUCTION INSTALLATIONSFluxtrol Inc.
http://fluxtrol.com
It is well known that performance of some induction systems may be
significantly improved by application of magnetic flux controllers. They are used to
concentrate, shield and/or redistribute the magnetic field which generates power in the part. Theoretical and practical evidences are presented in the paper, which show that there is still significant potential for improvement in innovative and traditional induction technologies due to magnetic flux control. Utilizing magnetic flux controllers in heat treating processes results in excellent heat pattern control and improvement of parameters of inductors and entire power delivery systems. In melting systems, especially in the case of vacuum furnaces, cold crucible and other specialty furnaces, the magnetic control can provide energy savings, magnetic field shielding, shorter melting cycles and optimized field distribution for metallurgical processes. Comparison of different groups of materials for magnetic flux control (laminations, ferrites and Soft Magnetic Composites, aka Magnetodielectrics) is also presented in the paper. Several examples of magnetic flux control illustrate the presented material based on more than 20 years of R&D and practical experience of scientists and practitioners at Fluxtrol Inc.
Presentation on Carburizing (Heat Treatment Process).
Presented To,
Engr. Ubaid-ur-Rehman Ghouri, Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, UET Lahore (RCET Campus).
Presented By,
Muhammad Zeeshan
Zahid Mehmood
Ali Iqbal
Muhammad Waqas
Particulate Sintering of Iron Ore and Empirical Analysis of Sintering Time Ba...IOSR Journals
Particulate sintering of iron ore has been carried out using the necessary ingredients. Empirical
analysis of the sintering time based on the coke breeze input concentration and ignition temperature were also
successfully obtained through first principle application of a derived model which functioned as a evaluative
tool. The derived model;
S = (√T)0.95 + 0.0012α
indicates that amongst ignition temperature and coke breeze input, sintering time is more significantly affected
by the coke breeze input concentration. This is based on the higher correlation it makes with sintering time
compared to applied ignition temperature, all other process parameters being constant. The validity of the
model was rooted in the core expression S – Kα ≈ (√T )N where both sides of the expression are correspondingly
approximately almost equal. Sintering time per unit rise in the operated ignition temperature as obtained from
experiment, derived model and regression model were evaluated as 0.0169, 0.0128 and 0.0159 mins. / 0C
respectively. Similarly, sintering time per unit coke breeze input concentration as obtained from experiment,
derived model and regression model were evaluated as 4.0, 3.0183 and 3.7537 mins./ % respectively indicating a
significant proximate agreement and validity of the model. The standard error (STEYX) incurred in predicting
sintering time for each value of the ignition temperature and coke breeze input concentration considered, as
obtained from the experiment, derived model and regression model are 1.6646, 0.7678 and 2.98 x10-5 % as well
as 2.2128, 1.0264 and 1.2379% respectively. The maximum deviation of mode-predicted results from the
corresponding experimental values was less than 11%.
Hot Hydroforging of Lightweight Bilateral Gears and Hollow ProductsFluxtrol Inc.
Feasibility of making lightweight powertrain products with hot hydroforging of steel/low density material hybrid billets is explored. A bimaterial billet is designed such that a steel wall encloses a low density core 100%. Furthermore the low density core is selected among the materials that have lower melting or softening temperature than steel such as aluminum and glass. In hot hydroforging the bimaterial billet is heated to 1000-1200 C range similar to the conventional hot forging of steel. However, in hot hydroforging the core is in liquid or viscous state while steel shell is in solid state similar to the conventional hydroforming. During hot hydroforging the viscous/liquid core has negligible resistance to flow thereby providing a uniform hydrostatic pressure inside the steel and enabling a uniform deformation of the solid steel wall.
Chapter 5: Magnetic Flux Control for Induction Heating SystemsFluxtrol Inc.
http://fluxtrol.com
Chapter 5: Magnetic Flux Control for Induction Heating Systems
Includes: Magentic Flux Concentrators, Process Improvements, Production Efficiencies, Simulation and Design.
Magnetic FLux Control in Induction Systems - Fluxtrol Heat Processing Paper Fluxtrol Inc.
By Dr. Valentin Nemkov - Fluxtrol Inc.
Magnetic flux controllers are widely used in induction heating systems for concentration, shielding or redistribution of
the magnetic field which generates power in the part to be heated. Controllers, made of Soft Magnetic Composites
(SMC), provide accurate heat pattern control, improve parameters of inductors and performance of the entire installation.
In melting systems, especially in the case of vacuum furnaces, cold crucible and other specialty furnaces, the magnetic
control can provide large energy savings, magnetic field shielding, shorter melting cycles and optimized field distribution
for enhancement of the metallurgical processes. Due to the diversity of applications, service conditions of controllers
are very different including very severe cases. Mechanical, magnetic, electrical, thermal and other properties must be
considered in design and application of SMC. This article describes properties and performance of SMC typically used
in induction heating technology. Several presented case stories are based on more than 20 years of R&D and practical
experience of scientists and practitioners at Fluxtrol, Inc. Presented material may be interesting not only for induction
heating community but also for all people using AC magnetic fields in technological processes.
Thermal performance & fire resistance of autoclaved aerated concrete exposed ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Thermal performance & fire resistance of autoclaved aerated concrete expo...eSAT Journals
Abstract Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is also being produced for many years, there are still some points that need to be clarified. One of these points needs to know is humidity intrusion effects on AAC members in areas with high relative humidity levels of Mediterranean climates which are important in durability and insulation properties of AAC. Therefore, some tests on mechanical and physical properties of ACC concrete carried out. These include thermal insulation and fire resistance tests under different level of humidity ACC blocks. According to the test results; increasing in humidity condition inside the chamber during heating procedure under steady state condition, caused increasing in average temperature change on outside surface of AAC wall. AAC losses its mass and mechanical properties subjected to the high elevated temperature above 500°C. Keywords: Thermal performance, AAC, fire resistance test, humidity
One of the welding processes that used in Engineering field is the TIG welding. There are several types of welding processes similar to this, but tig welding has its unique features.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
SIMULATION OF INDUCTION SYSTEM FOR BRAZING OF SQUIRREL CAGE ROTORFluxtrol Inc.
http://fluxtrol.com
ABSTRACT. Induction heating is the most progressive method for brazing of squirrel cage (SC) type rotors of electric motors. Frequencies from 3 to 10 kHz are typically being used for brazing of relatively large rotors (diameter more than 200 mm). If the ring thickness exceeds its height, flat single or two-turn inductors with concentrator are located under the ring instead of the round coil surrounding the ring. The rotor is standing on the top of the coil providing high pressure onto the joint components; a gap between the coil and ring is minimal and constant during the heating process.
This study describes a modified system with concentrator made of magnetic composite Fluxtrol 100. Frequency was much higher (around 50 kHz) than traditionally used (3-10 kHz). Electromagnetic and thermal coupled simulation with Flux 2D used to compare the process parameters and temperature distribution dynamics at 3 and 50 kHz. It was found that at higher frequency the brazing quality and time are approximately the same as at lower frequency. Electrical efficiency is slightly higher at 50 kHz while the coil current is significantly lower. Computer simulation at different powers showed that for a larger rotor the minimum required power is 70-75 kW. At lower power brazing time quickly increases and at 50 kW reaches 16 min instead of 5 min at 75 kW. Electrodynamic forces between the coil and rotor at 75 kW equal to 250 N at 50 kHz and almost 950 N at 3 kHz.
Thermal simulation of the coil proved that the maximum temperature of Fluxtrol 100 concentrator is below 200 C, which is acceptable for this material. Experimental and then industrial tests confirmed the results of simulation.
Use of the PerkinElmer TMA 4000 to Perform Standard Test Methods in the Elect...PerkinElmer, Inc.
This application note demonstrates the PerkinElmer TMA 4000 as a method to measure thermal expansion in electronics using standard test methods.
Learn more about the TMA 4000: http://bit.ly/1kwGYbY
Shanta Engineering is incepted in the year 1978. We are one of the leading manufacturers and exporters of a wide range of products. We manufacture a wide range of Testing Instruments and Equipment's that are used to test rubber, plastic, cables and allied materials. Our product range includes Laboratory Testing Equipment, Cable Testing Instruments, Testing Machine and machines for agricultural application.
Our range of products are manufactured as per different standards used by our customers and also sometimes they are customized to satisfy special requirements of our customers.
With a group of experienced & talented personnel together our design & development of machine / instruments are at par with the imported testing equipment's on quality basis. Although we are offering the highest quality level to match with the imported Testing Equipment's, we always see to it that the cost of our all equipment's are affordable to a small budget buyers. We export our product to Indian Subcontinent country.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdf
10810 61
1. IJDC 621’315’221’8: 621’315’616.96: 536’4681( FirstReprint APRIL 1995) 1s : 10810 1 PaI? 61 ) - 1988
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR CABLES
PART 61 FLAME RETARDANT TEST
1. Scope - Covers a method to assess the ability of electric cable to resist ignition and to Prevent
iire from spreading.
!. Significance - The way a cable behaves in a fire depends on the material and the design of the
zable as well as the external circumstances. A cable is considered flame retardant if it. when being
tested, is ignited but extinguishes again when the external heat supply ceases and the spread of the
fire dces not exceed the given maximum value.
3. Terminology - See IS : 1885 (Part 32)-1971 ‘Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 32 Cables,
:onductors and accessories for electricity supply’.
Q. Apparatus - The test equipment shall consist of a vertical steel tube having a wall thickness of
3’8fO’l mm with rectangular ventilation openings, a lid of steel and an edged conical tray of stainless
steel for a volume of 1 litre of ignition fluid. The mass cf the tray shall be 160&20 g. The complete
equipment with all dimensions is shown in Fig. 1. The tray shall be placed on a heat insulating
bedding.
It shall be possible to vary the distance between the lid and thetube between IO and 30 mm.
At the upper end of the tube, there shall be a horizontal steel rod for suspension of the tesl
specimen described in 6. At the lower end of the tube which shall be open, the test specimen is fixed
with a metal wire with a maximum diameter of 0‘8 mm.
When adjusting the lid according to 8.1, the temperature in the tube is measured about 130 mm
From its upper end.
5. Material
5.1 Ignition Fluid - Ethanol 95 percent with a specific heat energy of about 23 MJ/kg.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 Test specimen shall consist of one cable or several cables cabled together with a lay of betweer
IO and 15 times as cabling diameter. The cabling diameter is the circumscribed circle of the tesl
specimen. The length of the test specimen shall be 850 mm in a finished condition.
6.2 Number of Specimens - When testirg single-core cable with an external diameter less than 4 mm
five pieces of the cable are cabled to one test specimen. When testing single core cable with ar
external diameter equal to or larger than 4 mm but less than IO mm, three pieces of the cable arc
cabled to one test specimen. When testing a single core cable with an external diameter equal to o
larger than 10 rn*n and when testing multiconductor cables, one piece of cable is used as tesi
specimen.
The external diameter of the test specimen shall not exceed 70 mm.
7. Conditioning - No preiconditioning of the test specimen is required.
8. Procedure
8.1 Calibration of the Test Equipment - Before the test, the test equipment shall be Cal&rated a!
follows:
20 X t ml (not less than 70 mm ) ethanol 95 percent with a specific heat energy of abou,
23 MJ/kg shall be filled in the fuel tray; where t is the burning time of ethanol in minutes
t=K+-fmrn
and K = I for a cable with a cross-sectional conductor area f2’5 mm2,
K = 2 for a cable with a cross-sectional conductor area >2.5 mm?. and
D = external diameter of the test specimen in mm.
Adopted 30 May 1988
I
0 January 1989, BIS Gr 2
BUREAU OF INDIAN STA~NDARDS
MANAX BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
( Reaffirmed 1999 )
2. IS:10810 (Part 61 j-1988
* .
Lid with an adjustable
distance to the tube ‘-1
6 ventilation
openings 15x 60
Steel tube, wall thick-
ness 0.8 5 0.1
Lower end of the
tes’tspecimen ,-,
Fuel tray
0125
h
--II- -
II-
II
III
0125
0
ul
/- Upper end of the test specimen
Suspension of the
test specimen in
the tube
All dimensions in millimetres.
Tolerance on dimensions where not-specified otherwise = +l mm.
FIG. 1 TEST EQUIPMENT FOR FLAME RETARDANT TEST
The distance between the lid and the tube is determined so that the temperature 255f5”C is
obtained, at the point measured about 130 mm from its upper end, after that the ignition fluid has been
burning for 3 minutes. This is done by burning a cerain quantity of ignition fluid ( 20 x t) as above
and reading the temperature after 3 minutes. If necessary, the procedure is repeated after the test
equipment has cooled down and with the lid in another position until the correct temperature has
been reached.
8.2 Placing of the Test Specimen - After the test equipment has cooled down the test specimen is
placed in the tube with its longitudinal axis along the centre line of the tube. The test specimen shall
be provided with a loop at one end and be susp,ended on the steel rod which is placed over the upper
end of the tube so that the lower part of the test specimen extends about 50 mm below the lower
part of the tube. The lower part of the test specimen is horizontally fixed with a~metal wire with a
maximum diameter of 0.8 mm. When testing, a quantity of ethanol ( 20 % t ml ) is ignited and shall
burn fort minutes. The fire is extinguished by taking out the fuel tray.
2
3. IS : 10810 (, Part 61 ) - 1988
8.3 The fire in the test specimen shall extinguish by itself. The testing is not finished, until all signs
of burning, including smoke without visible ftame, have ceased.
9. Tabulation of Observation
External Dia
of Cable
(mm)
Number of
Cables
Burning Time of
Ethanol ( t )
( min )
&amity of Unaffected
lgm”tion Fluid Portion from
(2OXP) Top
t ml 1 (mm)
_ _.-
10. Calculation - No calculation is involved.
11. Report
11 .l Reference Specification
Designation of
Material
Calibration
Temperature
( “C 1
Time of Burning
(min)
Unaffected Portion
from Top
(mm)
11,,2 Conclusion - Specimen meets/does not meet the requirements of the specification.
EXPLANATORY MOTE
In preparing this standard, assistance has been derived from SVENSK STANDARDS ASS
424 14 75.
3
hinted at Simco Printing Press, Delhi
