Microeconomics
Lecture 16
!

Monopolistic
Competition
Monopolistic
Competition
!

Brand
Competition
Monopolistic
Competition
!

Brand
Competition
The Four Market Structures
The Four Market Structures
The Four Market Structures
The Four Market Structures
Perfect	

Competition
The Four Market Structures
Perfect	

Competition

Monopoly
The Four Market Structures
Perfect	

Competition

Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand
The Four Market Structures
Perfect	

Competition

Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly
The Four Market Structures
Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms

Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly
The Four Market Structures
Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms

Many

Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly
The Four Market Structures
Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms

Monopoly

Many

One

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly
The Four Market Structures
Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms

Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Many

One

Many

Oligopoly
The Four Market Structures
Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms

Many

Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

One

Many

Few
The Four Market Structures
Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms
Type of
Product

Many

Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

One

Many

Few
The Four Market Structures
Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms

Many

Type of
Product

Identical	


Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

One

Many

Few
The Four Market Structures
Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

Many

One

Many

Few

Identical	


Unique

Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms
Type of
Product
The Four Market Structures
Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

Many

One

Many

Few

Identical	


Unique

Differentiated

Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms
Type of
Product
The Four Market Structures
Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

Many

One

Many

Few

Identical	


Unique

Differentiated

Either

Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms
Type of
Product
The Four Market Structures
Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

Many

One

Many

Few

Identical	


Unique

Differentiated

Either

Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms
Type of
Product
Ease of
Entry
The Four Market Structures
Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

Many

One

Many

Few

Type of
Product

Identical	


Unique

Differentiated

Either

Ease of
Entry

Easy

Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms
The Four Market Structures
Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

Many

One

Many

Few

Type of
Product

Identical	


Unique

Differentiated

Either

Ease of
Entry

Easy

Blocked

Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms
The Four Market Structures
Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

Many

One

Many

Few

Type of
Product

Identical	


Unique

Differentiated

Either

Ease of
Entry

Easy

Blocked

Easy

Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms
The Four Market Structures
Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

Many

One

Many

Few

Type of
Product

Identical	


Unique

Differentiated

Either

Ease of
Entry

Easy

Blocked

Easy

Hard

Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms
The Four Market Structures
Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

Many

One

Many

Few

Type of
Product

Identical	


Unique

Differentiated

Either

Ease of
Entry

Easy

Blocked

Easy

Hard

Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms

Examples
The Four Market Structures
Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

Many

One

Many

Few

Type of
Product

Identical	


Unique

Differentiated

Either

Ease of
Entry

Easy

Blocked

Easy

Hard

Examples

Commodities	

Rice

Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms
The Four Market Structures
Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

Many

One

Many

Few

Type of
Product

Identical	


Unique

Differentiated

Either

Ease of
Entry

Easy

Blocked

Easy

Hard

Examples

Commodities	

Rice

Government	

Utilities

Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms
The Four Market Structures
Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

Many

One

Many

Few

Type of
Product

Identical	


Unique

Differentiated

Either

Ease of
Entry

Easy

Blocked

Easy

Hard

Government	

Utilities

Brands	

Clothing	

Restaurants

Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms

Examples

Commodities	

Rice
The Four Market Structures
Monopoly

Monopolistic	

Competition	

Brand

Oligopoly

Many

One

Many

Few

Type of
Product

Identical	


Unique

Differentiated

Either

Ease of
Entry

Easy

Blocked

Easy

Hard

Government	

Utilities

Brands	

Clothing	

Restaurants

Manufacturing	

Cars	

Computers

Perfect	

Competition
Number of
Firms

Examples

Commodities	

Rice
Number
1
2
3
4
5

Marginal	

Cost

Total	

Cost

Average	

Cost
Number

Marginal	

Cost

1

5

2

4

3

6

4

9

5

16

Total	

Cost

Average	

Cost
Number

Marginal	

Cost

Total	

Cost

Average	

Cost

1

5

5

5

2

4

9

4.5

3

6

15

5

4

9

24

6

5

16

40

8
Number

Marginal	

Cost

Total	

Cost

1

40

2

60

3

90

4

160

5

250

Average	

Cost
Number

Marginal	

Cost

Total	

Cost

Average	

Cost

1

40

40

40

2

20

60

30

3

30

90

30

4

70

160

40

5

90

250

50
Number

Marginal	

Cost

Total	

Cost

Average	

Cost

1

300

2

420

3

600

4

800

5

1500
Number

Marginal	

Cost

Total	

Cost

Average	

Cost

1

300

300

300

2

540

840

420

3

960

1800

600

4

1400

3200

800

5

4300

7500

1500
$
Monopoly

D
MR

Q
$

Perfect Competition

D = MR

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$

MR

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$

Steep Demand

MR

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$

Steep Demand
Long Run

MR

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$

Steep Demand
Long Run

MR

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$

Steep Demand
Long Run
Demand Flattens

MR

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$

MR

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$
MC

MR

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$
MC

MR

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$
MC

MR

QS

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$
MC

MR

QS

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$
MC

PS

MR

QS

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$
MC

PS

ATC

MR

QS

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$
MC

PS

ATC

MR

QS

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$
MC

PS

ATC

MR

QS

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$
MC

PS

ATC

MR

QS

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run

$
MC

PS
Profit

ATC

MR

QS

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS
Profit

ATC

MR

QS

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS
Profit

Long Run
ATC

MR

QS

D

Q
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS

ATC

MR

QS

D

Q

Long Run
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS

ATC

MR

QS

D

Q

Long Run
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS

ATC

MR

QS

D

Q

Long Run
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS

ATC

MR

QS

D

Q

Long Run
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS

ATC

MR

QS

D

Q

Long Run
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS

ATC

MR

QS

D

Q

Long Run
Demand Flattens
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS

ATC

MR

QS

D

Q

Long Run
Demand Flattens
Lower Price	

Lower Quantity
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS

ATC

PL

MR

QL QS

D

Q

Long Run
Demand Flattens
Lower Price	

Lower Quantity
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS

ATC

PL

MR

QL QS

D

Q

Long Run
Demand Flattens
Lower Price	

Lower Quantity
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS

ATC

PL

MR

QL QS

D

Q

Long Run
Demand Flattens
Lower Price	

Lower Quantity
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS

ATC

PL

MR

QL QS

D

Q

Long Run
Demand Flattens
Lower Price	

Lower Quantity
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS
PL

ATC
Profit

MR

QL QS

D

Q

Long Run
Demand Flattens
Lower Price	

Lower Quantity
Monopolistic Competition
Short Run
High Price	

Large Quantity

$
MC

PS
PL

ATC
Profit

MR

QL QS

Long Run
Demand Flattens
Lower Price	

Lower Quantity
Profits disappear	

in the long run	

due to 	

competition

D

Q
Profits
D
MC
MR
Competition flattens 	

the Demand Curve 	

and squeezes profits.
MC
D
MR
Market Competition
$

Q
Market Competition
$
Short Run 	

Demand

Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

Q
Market Competition
$
Short Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

Q
Market Competition
$
Short Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

Q
Market Competition
$
Short Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

Q
Market Competition
$
Short Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

Q
Market Competition
$
PSR

Short Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

QSR

Q
Market Competition
$
PSR

Short Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

QSR

Q

Average	

Total 	

Costs
Market Competition
$
PSR

Short Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

QSR

Q

Average	

Total 	

Costs
Market Competition
$
PSR

Short Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

QSR

Q

Average	

Total 	

Costs
Market Competition
$
PSR

Short Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

QSR

Q

Average	

Total 	

Costs
Market Competition
$
PSR

Short Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

QSR

Q

Average	

Total 	

Costs
Market Competition
$
PSR

Long Run 	

Demand

Short Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

Long Run 	

Marginal 	

Revenue
Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

QSR

Q

Average	

Total 	

Costs
Market Competition
$
PSR

Long Run 	

Demand

Short Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

Long Run 	

Marginal 	

Revenue
Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

QSR

Q

Average	

Total 	

Costs
Market Competition
$
PSR

Long Run 	

Demand

Short Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

Long Run 	

Marginal 	

Revenue
Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

QSR

Q

Average	

Total 	

Costs
Market Competition
$
PSR

Long Run 	

Demand

Short Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

Long Run 	

Marginal 	

Revenue
Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

QSR

Q

Average	

Total 	

Costs
Market Competition
$
PSR

Short Run 	

Demand

Long Run 	

Demand

Marginal 	

Costs

PLR
Long Run 	

Marginal 	

Revenue
Short Run 	

Marginal Revenue

QLR QSR

Q

Average	

Total 	

Costs
Quiz	

Name and ID#	

!

1. Name the four market structures.	

!

2. What does the demand curve look like in
perfect competition?	

!

3. Why is marginal revenue different than
demand in a monopoly?	

!

4. Where are profits maximized or losses
minimized?

101 lecture 16 monopolistic competition