10 Interesting Myelocystocele Facts
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Myelocystocele is a rare condition consisting of a low-lying conus medullaris, cystic dilation of the spinal cord central canal, meningocele, and spina bifida, often accompanied by other genitourinary anomalies. It is typically associated with normal intelligence but can cause mild to severe deformities of the lower extremities. Surgical repair is recommended after treating other anomalies, with adequate nutrition and infection prevention, within 6 months to minimize neurological loss and lifelong monitoring.
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The craniovertebral junction consists of the occiput, atlas, axis, and connecting ligaments. It is a transition zone between the mobile cranium and spinal column. Common anomalies include occipitalization of the atlas, basilar invagination, atlantoaxial dislocation, and platybasia. Radiological assessment involves measurements of angles and distances on plain radiographs and CT/MRI to evaluate for abnormalities. Key measurements include the Chamberlain's line, McGregor's line, and posterior atlantodental interval.
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Embyrogenesis of the CNS and its disorders
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neural tube defect
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Congenital brain disorders
Chiari malformations
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2) Malformations of cortical development, including focal cortical dysplasias and heterotopias, are also common epileptogenic lesions found in surgical series, especially in patients with childhood-onset seizures.
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The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) refers to the occiput, atlas, axis, and supporting ligaments. It is a transition zone between the mobile cranium and spinal column. The CVJ encloses important neural and vascular structures.
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Similar to 10 Interesting Myelocystocele Facts
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Spina Bifida
(1) Spina bifida is a birth defect where part of the spinal cord and its meninges are exposed through an opening in the backbone. (2) It results from the neural tube failing to close properly during early pregnancy. (3) Spina bifida can range from mild to severe depending on factors like the size and location of the defect and presence of complications such as hydrocephalus or Chiari malformation.
HYDROCEPHALUS (2)222.ppt
Hydrocephalus is a condition caused by an imbalance in cerebrospinal fluid circulation and absorption in the brain, which leads to excessive accumulation of fluid in the ventricles and increased intracranial pressure. It can be congenital due to malformations or acquired from infections, tumors, or hemorrhages. The excess fluid causes ventricle dilation and brain compression. Treatment involves surgical placement of a shunt to drain fluid from the ventricles to the abdominal cavity or heart. Complications include shunt malfunction and infection. Spina bifida is a neural tube defect where the spine fails to close, often with a visible sac-like protrusion of membranes and spinal cord. It can cause paralysis, in
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system
This document provides information on various congenital malformations of the central nervous system in children, including hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, meningocele, and meningomyelocele. It discusses the definition, causes, types, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, nursing management, and complications of each condition. Hydrocephalus is defined as abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles and can be congenital or acquired. Spina bifida is a defect in the closure of the vertebral column with protrusion of tissues through the spine. It discusses the different types of spina bifida including occulta, meningocele, and meningomy
Spina bifida
Spina bifida is a birth defect where the spinal cord fails to develop properly, leaving an opening in the vertebrae. It occurs when the neural tube fails to close fully during early embryonic development. There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele. Myelomeningocele is the most severe form and often results in paralysis and loss of sensation below the level of the defect. Risk factors include family history, obesity, fever during early pregnancy, and folic acid deficiency. Treatment involves surgery to close the opening and address any related issues like hydrocephalus. Lifelong management focuses on rehabilitation, preventing infections and complications, and addressing issues with mobility,
Neural tube defect
Neural tube defects result from the failure of closure of the embryonic posterior and anterior neuropores, leading to abnormalities in neural tube and associated structures. The most common types are spina bifida occulta, meningocele, myelomeningocele, encephalocele, and anencephaly. Risk factors include hyperthermia, certain drugs, malnutrition, maternal obesity, diabetes, genetic mutations affecting folate pathways, and radiation exposure before conception. Treatment depends on the specific type but may include surgery to repair defects and treat conditions like hydrocephalus, as well as lifelong management of issues with organs and systems along the neural axis.
Mylomeningocele
Meningomyelocoele is the most severe type of spina bifida where the meninges and spinal cord protrude through an opening in the spine. It occurs due to failure of the neural tube to close during the third week of gestation. Symptoms include paralysis of the lower limbs, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and cognitive impairments. Treatment requires multidisciplinary care and focuses on preventing infections, promoting urinary function, and managing complications through surgery, medications, bracing and rehabilitation.
Mylomeningocele
Meningomyelocoele is the most severe type of spina bifida where the meninges and spinal cord protrude through an opening in the spine. It occurs due to failure of the neural tube to close during the third week of gestation. Symptoms include paralysis of the lower limbs, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and cognitive impairments. Treatment requires multidisciplinary care and focuses on preventing infections, promoting urinary function, and managing complications through surgery, medications, bracing and rehabilitation.
Neural Birth Defects
This document discusses neural tube defects (NTDs), including the types spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele. NTDs occur when the neural tube fails to close during early embryonic development. Risk factors include folic acid deficiency and certain medications. Physical exam findings depend on the specific type of NTD. Treatment involves surgery to repair defects, management of associated conditions like hydrocephalus, and lifelong care of impairments. Prevention focuses on adequate folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy.
Spina bifida
Anatomy of spine fusion
Types of spina bifida
1.Spina bifida occluta
2.Spina bifida cystica
•Meningocele
•Myelomeningocele
Pathology of spina bifida
Investigations
Physiotherapy treatment
Spinal dysraphism and its management
a comprehensive presentation on the subject of spinal dysraphism and spina bifida and its neurosurgical management as well as the management of its various other types
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This document discusses various conditions in children that can lead to bowel dysfunction, including spinal cord injuries, sacral agenesis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS), and spina bifida. It provides details on the symptoms and impacts of each condition, such as neurogenic bowel from spinal cord injuries depending on the level of injury. It also discusses challenges children face in managing bowel issues, like negative quality of life impacts and potential lack of treatment due to lack of knowledge.
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Congenital anomalies refer to structural or functional abnormalities present at birth. This document discusses several common congenital anomalies including spina bifida, meningocele, hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, and cleft lip and cleft palate. For each condition, the document defines it, discusses causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and potential complications. Surgeries are often needed to repair defects, while other treatments may include shunts, braces, physical therapy, or speech therapy depending on the condition. Managing congenital anomalies requires a multidisciplinary care approach.
Spina bifida
Neural tube defects occur when the neural tube fails to close properly during early embryonic development, leaving an opening in the spine or skull. The most common type is spina bifida, where a split forms in the spine. Spina bifida can range from mild (occulta) where there is a small defect but no problems, to more severe forms (meningocele and myelomeningocele) where the spinal cord or membranes may protrude out and cause paralysis and bowel/bladder issues. Risk factors include low folic acid, diabetes, and seizures. Treatment involves surgery soon after birth to cover the opening and manage complications like hydrocephalus. Lifelong management focuses on rehabilitation, prevention of injury and infection, and
Neural tube defect
This document provides an overview of neural tube defects (NTDs), which are among the most common birth defects. It discusses the embryology, causes, types (including anencephaly and spina bifida), clinical presentation, diagnostic tests (such as ultrasound and MRI), and management (including prenatal surgery, medical care of newborns, and post-natal surgical repair). Key points covered include the importance of folic acid supplementation to prevent NTDs, the variety of potential genetic and environmental risk factors, and ongoing areas of research and debate around improving treatment and outcomes.
Neural tube defects
This document discusses neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele. It describes the normal embryonic development of the neural tube and causes of NTDs, which can include genetic and environmental factors like folic acid deficiency. Management involves prenatal screening, surgical repair after birth, lifelong treatment of symptoms like paralysis, and prevention through folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy. Children with NTDs may experience permanent disabilities and require ongoing monitoring and support.
CONGENITAL.pptx
This document discusses various congenital abnormalities including neural tube defects. It begins by defining congenital abnormalities as defects present at birth or in early life. It then discusses specific defects like anencephaly, microcephaly, and megalencephaly in more detail, covering their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. It also covers other central nervous system abnormalities like septal-optic dysplasia, diastematomyelia, polymicrogyria, encephalocele, hydrocephalus, and several types of spina bifida. The document provides an overview of major congenital abnormalities and their characteristics.
Spina bifida
Spina bifida is a birth defect where the spine and spinal cord do not form properly. It occurs when the neural tube fails to close fully during early embryonic development. The most common type is myelomeningocele, where parts of the spinal cord and meninges protrude out of an opening in the spine. This can cause paralysis, loss of feeling, and problems with bladder and bowel control below the level of the defect. Treatment involves surgery to close the opening and manage any related complications like hydrocephalus. Prevention focuses on adequate folic acid intake before and during early pregnancy.
Folics.pptx
Folic acid is a B vitamin that helps prevent birth defects like spina bifida and neural tube defects. It is needed to make new cells, red blood cells, and helps prevent anemia, heart disease, and certain cancers. The document recommends that all women capable of becoming pregnant take a daily multivitamin containing 400 micrograms of folic acid to reduce the risk of neural tube defects occurring in pregnancy.
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Congenital malformations of the central nervous system
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This document provides advice for bowel continence in children with Spina Bifida. It discusses establishing regular bowel movements, dietary changes to prevent constipation, and habit training using toilet sitting. For children where these initial approaches are ineffective, it recommends adding stimulant laxatives or cleanout methods. It also describes the ACE procedure which uses the appendix to construct a conduit for administering antegrade enemas when other options have failed. The goal is to establish an individualized bowel management program for independence.
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This document discusses prenatal diagnosis of myelomeningocele (spina bifida). It describes myelomeningocele as a failure of neural tube closure, leaving an open spinal defect. Prenatal diagnosis methods include maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening, ultrasonography to identify characteristic signs of hydrocephalus and Chiari II malformation, magnetic resonance imaging for greater resolution, and amniocentesis to measure amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase levels to increase diagnostic accuracy of alpha-fetoprotein levels.
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Spina bifida is a birth defect that affects the spine and spinal cord. For more information on spina bifida, visit http://www.spinabifida.net which provides educational resources and answers questions about the condition. The website http://www.spinabifida.net can be visited to learn more about spina bifida.
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This document discusses hydrocephalus, including its characteristics, causes, and methods of diagnosis. Hydrocephalus is an abnormal dilatation of the cerebral ventricles. It can be communicating or non-communicating, depending on whether there is intraventricular obstruction. Non-communicating hydrocephalus has multiple potential causes of obstruction within the ventricles or at openings between ventricles. CT scans and MRI are useful for examining ventricle size and detecting obstructions or masses that may be causing hydrocephalus.
3 Major Issues with Prenatal and Postnatal Spina Bifida Surgery
Spina bifida is a birth defect where the spine and spinal cord do not form properly. There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele. Spina bifida is caused by failure of the spine to close during the first month of pregnancy and can be reduced by adequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy. Symptoms range from no outward signs to paralysis, incontinence, and hydrocephalus depending on the severity. While there is no cure, prenatal or postnatal surgery can help correct the condition.
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- 3. Myelocystocele • Terminal Myelocystocele consists of – Low lying conus medullaris – Cystic dilatation of cuadal central canal – Menigocele – Spina bifida • Often associated with other genitourinary trace anomalies: imperforated anus,ambiguous genitalia
- 4. Myelocystocele • Rarely Associated with Chiari II malformation or hydorcephalus • Normal intelligence • Normal or mild or severe deformities of lower extreamities • Epidemiology: extreamly rare
- 5. pathogenesis
- 6. Surgical repair • After gentiourinary anomaly • Adequate nutrition & free from infection • Within 6 months to minimize neurological loss
- 7. outcome • Monitor throught out life
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