Divyansh Singla's presentation discusses several common electrical appliances and how they work. It explains that electric fans, heaters, motors, generators, bulbs, and geysers all operate using electromagnetic induction and converting electrical energy to motion or heat. The document provides details on how electric motors generate rotational motion from electrical current, how generators produce electricity from mechanical input, and how other appliances like fans and heaters transfer energy to produce the desired effect.

1. PHYSICS ACTIVITY
A DIVYANSH SINGLA’S PRESENTATION

2. ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES USED IN HOUSE
AND HOW DO THE WORK
1.ELECTRIC FAN
2.ELECTRIC HEATER
3.ELECTRIC MOTOR
4.ELECTRIC GENERATOR
5.ELECTRIC BULB
6.ELECTRIC GEYSER

3. ELECTRIC FAN

4. WORKING OF ELECTRIC FAN
◦ The electric motor is the electric machine within the ceiling fan that converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy. The ceiling fan capacitor torques up the electric motor,
allowing it to start and run. An electrical current reaches the motor and then enters coils of
wire that are wrapped around a metal base. As this current passes through the wire, a
magnetic field is caused that expends force in a clockwise motion that actually changes the
electric energy into mechanical energy. This action causes the motor coils to spin. As the
coils are spinning, the fan captures this spinning motion, transferring it to the fan blades.

5. ELECTRIC HEATER

6. WORKING OF INFRARED HEATER
◦ How do infrared heaters work? Infrared heaters work by converting electricity
into radiant heat. Infrared is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The heat is
the same feeling of warmth as the winter sun on your face and the heat from a
coal fire. It is even the same form of heat emitted by your own body. It is the
most basic form of heating known to man.
◦ Infrared is the direct transfer of heat from the heater to the object (you and the
room around you) without heating the air in between. It’s the same heat we feel
from an environment warmed by the sun, and the wavelength most efficiently
absorbed by the body. It is 100% safe and natural (it’s UV from the sun that is
harmful, not infrared).

7. ELECTRIC MOTOR

8. WORKING OF ELECTRIC MOTOR
The working of an electric motor is based on the fact that a current carrying conductor produces a magnetic field around it. To better
understand, imagine the following situation.
Take two bar magnets and keep the poles facing each other with a small space in between. Now, take a small length of a conducting wire
and make a loop. Keep this loop in between the space between the magnets such that it is still within the sphere of influence of the
magnets. Now for the last bit. Connect the ends of the loop to battery terminals.
Once electricity flows through your simple circuit, you will notice that your loop “moves”. So why does this happen? The magnetic field of
the magnets interferes with that produced due to electric current flowing in the conductor. Since the loop has become a magnet, one side
of it will be attracted to the north pole of the magnet and the other to the south pole. This causes the loop to continuously rotate. This is the
principle of working of electric motor.

9. ELECTRIC GENERATOR

10. WORKING OF ELECTRIC GENERATOR
◦ The electric motor, generator, and transformers all work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The electric
motor converts electrical energy into mechanical work. The electric generator works in the opposite way of an
electric motor. It converts mechanical work into electrical energy. The source of mechanical energy varies from a
wide range of hand cranks and combustion engines.
◦ An electric generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction phenomenon. According to it, whenever a
coil is rotated between the poles of a magnet, an induced current is set up in the coil, whose direction is given by
Fleming’s right-hand rule. The principle of working of a generator is such that the flow of electric charges can be
induced by moving an electrical conductor in a magnetic field. Moving the conductor in the magnetic field or
stationary conductor in a fluctuating magnetic field produces a voltage difference between the two ends of the wire
(electrical conductor), thus producing an induced current.

11. ELECTRIC BULB

12. WORKING OF ELECTRIC BULB
◦ The wire inside the glass case is made of tungsten. It's either
coiled or straight. It serves as a filament of the bulb. The
electricity passes through the filament. As a result, its get
heated up and gives out the light.

13. ELECTRIC GEYSER

14. WORKING OF ELECTRIC GEYSER
◦ These type of geysers are available in both pressure and non-pressure types.
But non-pressure type instantaneous geysers are most commonly used. In these
geysers heating element is wired around the pipe. Heating element is used to heat the
water matching the flow rate. Heating element used in these type of geysers is of
higher rating. Material used for these geysers is of durable material so as to ensure
safety.

15. DIFFERENT TYPES OF IMAGE FORMATION
BY MIRRORS