Muscles of the axial skeleton. Pictures of the muscles, origins, insertions, actions. Does not include all the muscles we discussed in class, but includes some fun photos & side notes.
Digestive system Mouth Buccal cavity Tongue Teeth Salivary glands Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus Liver Gall bladder Pancreas Absorption Digestion
Muscles of the Hip and Thigh | anatomy KenhubKenhub_Anatomy
This is a presentation covering the groups of muscles found on the Hip and Thigh.
If you want to solidify your knowledge on this topic, start training at www.kenhub.com!
We offer you an engaging and guided way to get ready for you next Anatomy exam.
It is like having your on personal ANATOMY TUTOR, guiding you every step of the way.
See you there!
Muscles of head, Muscles of face, Muscles of neck, Muscles of shoulder girdle, Muscles of upper limbs, Muscles of thorax, Diaphragm, Muscles of abdomen, Muscles of back, Muscles of perineum, Muscles of pelvis, Muscles of lower limb, Muscles of leg, Muscles of foot
1 GNM anatomy Unit _ 14 Muscular System.pptxthiru murugan
By:M. Thiru murugan
Unit XIV
Type, structure and functions of muscle
Origin, Insertion, and action of muscles
Muscle:
Muscle is a soft tissue and it is one of the 4 basic tissues, along with nervous tissue, epithelium, and connective tissue.
Muscles helps in movement, support and protection of internal organs.
Muscle cells or myocytes contain protein filaments called myofilaments actin & myosin that producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell.
Types of Muscles:
There are 3 types of muscles: skeletal, cardiac & smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle or “voluntary muscle” or striated Muscles is attached to bone, helps in movement & in maintaining posture.
Smooth muscle or “involuntary muscle” or non striated muscles is found within the walls of organs and structures
Cardiac muscle is also an "involuntary muscle" found only in the heart.
Structure of Skeletal muscle:
Skeletal muscle consist plasma membrane is called sarcolemma, the cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm & specialized sarcoplasmic reticulum that play important role in regulation of Calcium.
Cells contain many nucleus peripherally
It consist of number of elongated cells called muscle fibers or muscle cell , that consist of myofibrils (elongated protein molecules).
These Muscle fibers are arranged in bundle called fasciculi
Each muscle fibers covered by endomysium, each fasciculi covered by perimysium & the whole muscle is covered by epimysium.
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) or myoneural junction is a chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.
It allows the motor neuron to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.
Properties of skeletal muscle:
Excitability: this refers to muscle tissue being able to react to nervous stimulation.
Extensibility: this refers to the ability of muscle tissue to lengthen when contracting
Elasticity: this refers to the ability of muscle tissue to return to its normal resting length once it has been stretched.
Contractility: this refers to the capacity of a muscle to contract or shorten forcibly when stimulated by nerves and hormones
Muscle contraction:
Muscle use the movement of actin against myosin to create contraction.
In skeletal muscle, contraction is stimulated by electrical impulses transmitted by the nerves
Cardiac and smooth muscle contractions are stimulated by internal pacemaker cells which regularly contract, and propagate contractions to other muscle cells they are in contact with.
All skeletal muscle and many smooth muscle contractions are facilitated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Types of muscle contraction:
Isotonic contractions maintain constant force or tone in the muscle as the muscle length changes
Isometric contractions changes in force without changing the length of the muscle
Muscle tone is defined as the tension in a muscle at rest.
Function of skeletal muscles
Body movement (Locomotion)
Maintenance of posture
Respiration
Constriction of organs and vess
Muscles of the axial skeleton. Pictures of the muscles, origins, insertions, actions. Does not include all the muscles we discussed in class, but includes some fun photos & side notes.
Digestive system Mouth Buccal cavity Tongue Teeth Salivary glands Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus Liver Gall bladder Pancreas Absorption Digestion
Muscles of the Hip and Thigh | anatomy KenhubKenhub_Anatomy
This is a presentation covering the groups of muscles found on the Hip and Thigh.
If you want to solidify your knowledge on this topic, start training at www.kenhub.com!
We offer you an engaging and guided way to get ready for you next Anatomy exam.
It is like having your on personal ANATOMY TUTOR, guiding you every step of the way.
See you there!
Muscles of head, Muscles of face, Muscles of neck, Muscles of shoulder girdle, Muscles of upper limbs, Muscles of thorax, Diaphragm, Muscles of abdomen, Muscles of back, Muscles of perineum, Muscles of pelvis, Muscles of lower limb, Muscles of leg, Muscles of foot
1 GNM anatomy Unit _ 14 Muscular System.pptxthiru murugan
By:M. Thiru murugan
Unit XIV
Type, structure and functions of muscle
Origin, Insertion, and action of muscles
Muscle:
Muscle is a soft tissue and it is one of the 4 basic tissues, along with nervous tissue, epithelium, and connective tissue.
Muscles helps in movement, support and protection of internal organs.
Muscle cells or myocytes contain protein filaments called myofilaments actin & myosin that producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell.
Types of Muscles:
There are 3 types of muscles: skeletal, cardiac & smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle or “voluntary muscle” or striated Muscles is attached to bone, helps in movement & in maintaining posture.
Smooth muscle or “involuntary muscle” or non striated muscles is found within the walls of organs and structures
Cardiac muscle is also an "involuntary muscle" found only in the heart.
Structure of Skeletal muscle:
Skeletal muscle consist plasma membrane is called sarcolemma, the cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm & specialized sarcoplasmic reticulum that play important role in regulation of Calcium.
Cells contain many nucleus peripherally
It consist of number of elongated cells called muscle fibers or muscle cell , that consist of myofibrils (elongated protein molecules).
These Muscle fibers are arranged in bundle called fasciculi
Each muscle fibers covered by endomysium, each fasciculi covered by perimysium & the whole muscle is covered by epimysium.
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) or myoneural junction is a chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.
It allows the motor neuron to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.
Properties of skeletal muscle:
Excitability: this refers to muscle tissue being able to react to nervous stimulation.
Extensibility: this refers to the ability of muscle tissue to lengthen when contracting
Elasticity: this refers to the ability of muscle tissue to return to its normal resting length once it has been stretched.
Contractility: this refers to the capacity of a muscle to contract or shorten forcibly when stimulated by nerves and hormones
Muscle contraction:
Muscle use the movement of actin against myosin to create contraction.
In skeletal muscle, contraction is stimulated by electrical impulses transmitted by the nerves
Cardiac and smooth muscle contractions are stimulated by internal pacemaker cells which regularly contract, and propagate contractions to other muscle cells they are in contact with.
All skeletal muscle and many smooth muscle contractions are facilitated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Types of muscle contraction:
Isotonic contractions maintain constant force or tone in the muscle as the muscle length changes
Isometric contractions changes in force without changing the length of the muscle
Muscle tone is defined as the tension in a muscle at rest.
Function of skeletal muscles
Body movement (Locomotion)
Maintenance of posture
Respiration
Constriction of organs and vess
Muscles of body to Leg By Thiru Murugan.pptxthiru murugan
Cranio-facial muscles:
The muscles which are present in cranium or skull and face they are called Cranio-facial muscles.
It is most essential for chewing and facial expressions.
It consist of 2 muscles: Occipitofrontalis & Facial muscles
Occipitofrontalis:
Also known as “Epicranius” & long and wide muscle of the scalp
It consist of 2 frontal bellies called frontalis and 2 occipital bellies called occipitalis.
Origin:
Frontalis: Skin of eyebrow, muscles of forehead
Occipitalis: superior nuchal line
Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis
Nerve supply: Facial nerve
Blood supply: F- ophthalmic artery & superficial temporal artery O - occipital artery.
Functions or Action:
Frontalis:
Raises the eye brows,
Transverse wrinkles of forehead
Surprise look of face
Occipitalis:
Retracts scalp
Origin: from bone of skull;
Insertion: onto the skin of face.
Innervation - Facial nerve (CN VII)
Blood supply - Facial artery
General function or Action:
It involve facial expressions like
Sadness
Grinning (smile broadly)
Doubt
Look
Speech
Important facial muscles and their functions:
Frontalis muscle: lifts the eyebrows, makes horizontal forehead wrinkles when we are surprised.
Orbicularis oculi: the circular muscle of the eye (consists of two muscles). Closes the eyelids, squints the eye.
Procerus: Pulls medial sides of eyebrows down and together.
Corrugator superclii: pulls eyebrows together.
Zygomatic muscles (major and minor): move the mouth corners up and outward when we smile.
Risorius: the “smile” muscle. Pulls mouth corners laterally (outward) and forms dimples in the cheeks. This muscle is not always active in all people.
Orbicularis oris: the circular muscle of the mouth. contract the lips and brings mouth corners towards the middle line.
Depressor anguli oris: pulls mouth corners downward.
Levator labii superioris & depressor labii inferioris: pull the upper and lower lips up and down respectively when we grin (smile broadly).
Mentalis: the chin muscle. Pulls up the chin as we express disappointment, doubt and some other negative emotions.
Platysma: it is a surface muscle of the neck. The Platysma is engaged in the expressions of fear, disgust and some other negative emotions.
Masticatory muscles:
Also known as muscles of mastication
The muscles of mastication are a group of muscles responsible - chewing
Act on temporomandibular (TMJ) joint
Mandible may be elevated or depressed; protruded or retruded.
Muscles:
1.Masseter:
Muscle of mastication
Powerful muscle
O - maxilla
I - mandible
Nerve: mandibular
Blood: maxillary
2. Temporalis:
Temporal muscle
Chewing muscle
Broad & fan shaped
Each side
O - parietal & sphenoid
I - mandible
Nerve: deep temporal
Blood: deep temporal
Function:
Closes the mouth
Assist chewing
Move mandible
3. Medial Pterygoid:
Also internal pterygoid
Major elevator of jaw
Square shape
Chewing muscle
O – palatine & maxilla
I - mandible
Nerve: mandibular
Blood: maxillary
Function:
Elevate mandible
Protrude mandible
Side to side
Abdominal Muscle & Pelvic Muscles by Thiru muruganthiru murugan
Abdominal Muscle & Pelvic Muscles
By
Thiru Murugan. M
Muscles of abdomen:
Abdominal muscles that cover the anterior and lateral abdominal region and meet at the anterior midline
Muscle: Transversus abdominis, Rectus abdominis, External oblique muscles & Internal oblique muscles
Transversus abdominis: O - iliac crest ; I - Linea alba
Rectus abdominis: O - Pubic symphysis, pubic crest ; I - Xiphoid process, ribs 5-7
External oblique muscles: O - ribs 5-12 ; I - Linea alba & iliac crest
Internal oblique muscles: O - iliac crest ; I - ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubic crest
Function or Action: movement of the trunk, maintain intra abdominal pressure, protection of internal organs, helping in respiration
Muscles of pelvic floor:
The Pelvic Floor Muscles (PFM) are found in the base of the pelvis. There are superficial muscles and deep muscles
Muscles: The levator ani is situated on either side of the pelvis. Consist of pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, puborectalis and The coccygeus muscle completes the pelvic floor, which is also called the pelvic diaphragm.
Levator ani: O - pubic bones; I – Anococcygeal ligament, Coccyx
Coccygeus muscle: O - ischial spine ; I – coccyx and sacrum
Function or Action: support & protect pelvic organs and maintain intra pelvis pressure, bladder and bowel control and sexual function
Diaphragm:
The diaphragm, located below the lungs, is the major muscle of respiration.
O - xiphoid process, ribs 7-12, vertebrae L1-L3; I – central tendon of diaphragm.
It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually
Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges
It separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Function: primary muscle for breathing
1. 10
The Muscular System
Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat: Suprahyoid
* Four deep throat muscles
* Form the floor of the oral cavity
* Anchor the tongue
* Elevate the hyoid
* Move the larynx superiorly during swallowing
Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat: Suprahyoid
Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat: Infrahyoid
* Straplike muscles that depress the hyoid and larynx during
swallowing and speaking
Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat: Infrahyoid
Muscles of the Neck: Head Movements
*Major head flexor is the sternocleidomastoid
* Synergists to head flexion are the suprahyoid and infrahyoid
* Lateral head movements are accomplished by the sternocleidomastoid
and scalene muscles
* Head extension is accomplished by the deep splenius muscles and
aided by the superficial trapezius
2. Muscles of the Neck: Head Movements
Muscles of the Neck: Head Movements
Trunk Movements: Deep Back Muscles
* The prime mover of back extension is the erector spinae
* Erector spinae, or sacrospinalis, muscles consist of three columns on
each side of the vertebrae – iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis
* Lateral bending of the back is accomplished by unilateral contraction
of these muscles
* Other deep back extensors include the semispinalis muscles and the
quadratus lumborum
Trunk Movements: Deep Back Muscles
Trunk Movements: Short Muscles
* Four short muscles extend from one vertebra to another
* These muscles are synergists in extension and rotation of the spine
Muscles of Respiration: External Intercostals
* The primary function of deep thoracic muscles is to promote
movement for breathing
* External intercostals – more superficial layer that lifts the rib cage and
increases thoracic volume to allow inspiration
Muscles of Respiration: Internal Intercostals
* Internal intercostals – deeper layer that aids in forced expiration
* Diaphragm – most important muscle in inspiration
Muscles of Respiration: The Diaphragm
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
3. * The abdominal wall is composed of four paired muscles (internal and
external obliques, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis), their
fasciae, and their aponeuroses
* Fascicles of these muscles run at right and oblique angles to one
another, giving the abdominal wall added strength
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
* In addition to forming the abdominal wall, these muscles:
* Are involved with lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk
* Help promote urination, defecation, childbirth, vomiting, coughing, and
screaming
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor (Pelvic Diaphragm)
* The pelvic diaphragm is composed of two paired muscles – levator
ani and coccygeus
* These muscles:
* Close the inferior outlet of the pelvis
* Support the pelvic floor
* Elevate the pelvic floor to help release feces
* Resist increased intra-abdominal pressure
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor: Pelvic Diaphragm
Muscles Inferior to the Pelvic Floor
* Two sphincter muscles allow voluntary control of urination (sphincter
urethrae) and defecation (external anal sphincter)
4. * The ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus assist in erection of the
penis and clitoris
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles
*Muscles of the thorax
* Anterior: pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, and
subclavius
* Posterior: latissimus dorsi, trapezius muscles, levator scapulae, and
rhomboids
* These muscles are involved with the movements of the scapula
including elevation, depression, rotation, and lateral and medial
movements
* Prime movers of shoulder elevation are the trapezius and levator
scapulae
Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles
Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles