The Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced Native American tribes west of the Mississippi River to an area called Indian Territory. Specifically, the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Cherokee, and Seminole tribes were removed. The Cherokee resisted removal in court but President Jackson ignored the ruling. Their forced relocation became known as the Trail of Tears, in which over 1/4 of the Cherokee population died. The Seminoles also resisted removal under Osceola but were ultimately forced west.