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‘THE INDIAN QUESTION’
FROM FREEDOM TO
RESERVATION
Marika Łańczak
THE INDIAN PROBLEM-
fear against the unknown
 New land and it’s odd-inhabitants.
Christopher Columbus wrote in his journal
after first contact with Natives: "The y sho uld
be g o o d se rvants . . . . I, o ur Lo rd be ing ple ase d,
willtake he nce , at the tim e o f m y de parture ,
six native s fo r yo ur Hig hne sse s. "
 First White Settlers :
confusions,
fear and
violence.
THE REAL LOSERS OF THE
WAR OF 1812
 32 month, between the United States of
America and The British Empire with their
Indian allies
 Reasons for the war: trade restrictions by
Britain, the impressment of American
merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British
support of American Indian tribes against
American expansion, etc.
 Battle of Horseshoe Bend
 Real losers- Status quo ante bellum, except
end of plans for an independent Indian State
PRESIDENT A. JACKSON
AND HIS INDIAN REMOVAL
ACT - 1830
 7th President of USA and general – Andrew
Jackson.
 From Jefferson’s acceptance of Native
Americans rights to Jackson’s military removal
of Natives
 Five Civilized Tribes
THE TRAIL OF TEARS - 1831
 Over 20,000 Cherokees were forced to march
westward along the Trail of Tears. About a
quarter of them died along the way.
THE TRAIL OF TEARS - 1831
 According to
legend, a
Cherokee rose,
the state flower
of Georgia,
grew in every
spot a tear fell
on the Trail of
Tears.
TRAIL OF TEARS - 1831
1851 – RESERVATIONS YEAR
 Seeking for the final solution to the „Indian
Problem”
 1851 Indian Appropriations Act
 What is an Indian reservation?
 Nowadays, there are 566 federally recognized
tribes in reservations.
TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE
-1851
 Treaty of Fort Laramie was signed on
September 17, 1851
 Treaty was signed between United States
treat commissioners and representatives of
the Cheyenne, Sioux, Arapho, Crow,
Assiniboine, Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara
nations
SHERIDAN’S CAMPAIGN
 General Philip Sheridan
1831-1888
 Born in Albany, New
York
 „The only good Indian is
a dead Indian”
 1866 – Fort Martin Scott,
Texas
 1867 – head of the
Department of the
Missouri
ONE MAN’S DREAM IS ANOTHER MAN’S
NIGTHMARE – THE SIOUX TREATY AND THE
BLACK HILLS GOLD RUSH
 1868 Treaty of Fort
Larami, known as
The Sioux Treaty
 1874 – gold was
found in The Black
Hills and the Gold
Rush began
 1877 – U.S.
governement
confiscated The
Black Hills
GREAT SIOUX WAR OF 1876
 Battle of Little Bighorn 1876 – Custer’s army
vs Chayenne and Sioux forces
 General George Custer 1839-76
 Sitting Bull 1834-1890
„George Washington of Sioux’s” W.H. Murray
 Crazy Horse 1840-77 – chief of the Lakota, a
warrior and a Holy Man
GREAT SIOUX WAR OF 1876
General Custer Sitting Bull Crazy Horse
GREAT SIOUX WAR OF 1876
DAWES ACT OF 1887
 The law which will „civilize” the Indians
 Federal law intended to turn Native Americans
into farmers
1890 WOUNDED KNEE
MASSACRE
 December 29, 1890 – Pine Ridge Indian
Reservation in South Dakota
 Big Foot – Lakota Sioux leader
 Ghost Dance

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The indian question’ppt

  • 1. ‘THE INDIAN QUESTION’ FROM FREEDOM TO RESERVATION Marika Łańczak
  • 2. THE INDIAN PROBLEM- fear against the unknown  New land and it’s odd-inhabitants. Christopher Columbus wrote in his journal after first contact with Natives: "The y sho uld be g o o d se rvants . . . . I, o ur Lo rd be ing ple ase d, willtake he nce , at the tim e o f m y de parture , six native s fo r yo ur Hig hne sse s. "  First White Settlers : confusions, fear and violence.
  • 3. THE REAL LOSERS OF THE WAR OF 1812  32 month, between the United States of America and The British Empire with their Indian allies  Reasons for the war: trade restrictions by Britain, the impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support of American Indian tribes against American expansion, etc.  Battle of Horseshoe Bend  Real losers- Status quo ante bellum, except end of plans for an independent Indian State
  • 4. PRESIDENT A. JACKSON AND HIS INDIAN REMOVAL ACT - 1830  7th President of USA and general – Andrew Jackson.  From Jefferson’s acceptance of Native Americans rights to Jackson’s military removal of Natives  Five Civilized Tribes
  • 5. THE TRAIL OF TEARS - 1831  Over 20,000 Cherokees were forced to march westward along the Trail of Tears. About a quarter of them died along the way.
  • 6. THE TRAIL OF TEARS - 1831  According to legend, a Cherokee rose, the state flower of Georgia, grew in every spot a tear fell on the Trail of Tears.
  • 7. TRAIL OF TEARS - 1831
  • 8. 1851 – RESERVATIONS YEAR  Seeking for the final solution to the „Indian Problem”  1851 Indian Appropriations Act  What is an Indian reservation?  Nowadays, there are 566 federally recognized tribes in reservations.
  • 9. TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE -1851  Treaty of Fort Laramie was signed on September 17, 1851  Treaty was signed between United States treat commissioners and representatives of the Cheyenne, Sioux, Arapho, Crow, Assiniboine, Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara nations
  • 10. SHERIDAN’S CAMPAIGN  General Philip Sheridan 1831-1888  Born in Albany, New York  „The only good Indian is a dead Indian”  1866 – Fort Martin Scott, Texas  1867 – head of the Department of the Missouri
  • 11. ONE MAN’S DREAM IS ANOTHER MAN’S NIGTHMARE – THE SIOUX TREATY AND THE BLACK HILLS GOLD RUSH  1868 Treaty of Fort Larami, known as The Sioux Treaty  1874 – gold was found in The Black Hills and the Gold Rush began  1877 – U.S. governement confiscated The Black Hills
  • 12. GREAT SIOUX WAR OF 1876  Battle of Little Bighorn 1876 – Custer’s army vs Chayenne and Sioux forces  General George Custer 1839-76  Sitting Bull 1834-1890 „George Washington of Sioux’s” W.H. Murray  Crazy Horse 1840-77 – chief of the Lakota, a warrior and a Holy Man
  • 13. GREAT SIOUX WAR OF 1876 General Custer Sitting Bull Crazy Horse
  • 14. GREAT SIOUX WAR OF 1876
  • 15. DAWES ACT OF 1887  The law which will „civilize” the Indians  Federal law intended to turn Native Americans into farmers
  • 16. 1890 WOUNDED KNEE MASSACRE  December 29, 1890 – Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota  Big Foot – Lakota Sioux leader  Ghost Dance