This document provides an overview of the history of Native American peoples from initial European contact through the late 19th century. It summarizes key events including Columbus' initial reactions to Indigenous people in North America, the War of 1812 and its impact on Native American sovereignty, the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and the Trail of Tears, the establishment of reservations in 1851, campaigns against Native Americans led by General Sheridan in the 1860s-70s, the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876, the Dawes Act of 1887 aimed at assimilating Indigenous peoples, and the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890. Overall it traces the decline of Native American independence and rise of European colonial domination over their lands and