1
Work Breakdown Structures
(WBS)
2
WBS
Technique originally developed by financial specialists to
track spent money on a program or track the anticipated a need
to spend money
A control mechanism to make sure project cost estimates
covered everything
A control mechanism to make sure they understood where
all the money went or was going
This mechanism has been appropriated by project engineers
and system engineers to make sure that all effort required for
program or project has been accounted for and tracked
A great way to find out if a project is in trouble when the
actual effort projected in area of the WBS is exceeding
projections
3
What is a WBS ?
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a
fundamental project management tool for defining
and organizing the total scope of a project, using a
hierarchical tree structure.
4
What’s a WBS ?
A hierarchical breakdown (level 1 thru n) of the
work to be executed by the program team
Typically in a tree format
The first two levels of the WBS (Level 1 and Level
2) define a set of planned outcomes that collectively
and exclusively represent 100% of the project scope.
At each subsequent level, the children of a parent
node collectively and exclusively represent 100% of
the scope of their parent node.
5
What is a WBS ?
A well-designed WBS describes planned outcomes
instead of planned actions.
Outcomes are the desired ends of the project, and can
be predicted accurately
An easy way to think about a work breakdown
structure is as an outline or map of the specific
program
6
WBS Dictionary
A WBS dictionary is a document that has a paragraph
or two describing the technical content of each
element of the WBS
Because WBS element numbering and names can be
cryptic, it is a good way to understand what exactly is
in the WBS
7
100% Rule
The 100% Rule...states that the WBS includes 100%
of the work defined by the project scope and
captures all deliverables – internal, external, interim
– in terms of the work to be completed, including
project management (and systems engineering).
8
100% Rule
The 100% rule is one of the most important principles
guiding the development, decomposition and
evaluation of the WBS.
The rule applies at all levels within the hierarchy: the
sum of the work at the “child” level must equal 100%
of the work represented by the “parent” and the WBS
should not include any work that falls outside the
actual scope of the project, that is, it cannot include
more than 100% of the work…
9
100% Rule Example
Project
Part A Part B
Part A.1 Part A.2 Part B.1 Part B.2 Part B.3
Parts A and B must add
up to 100% of the work
of the project
Parts B.1, B.2
and B.3 must
add up to 100%
of the work in
Part B
10
Figure 1: WBS Construction Technique. This
exemplary WBS is from PMI's Practice Standard for
Work Br ...
PositioningPositioning of Product or ServiceParis based weig.docxChantellPantoja184
Positioning
Positioning of Product or Service
Paris based weight loss program that is affordable
Quality program for half the price of our competitors
Consumer Promise
Our spa will take care of you , while you lose weight
1
SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 3work breakdown structure
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a decomposition of all the work necessary to complete a project. A WBS is arranged in a hierarchy and constructed to allow for clear and logical groupings, either by activities or deliverables. The WBS should represent the work identified in the approved Project Scope Statement and serves as an early foundation for effective schedule development and cost estimating. Project managers typically will develop a WBS as a precursor to a detailed project schedule. The WBS should be accompanied by a WBS Dictionary, which lists and defines WBS elements.
The goals of developing a WBS and WBS Dictionary are 1) for the project team to proactively and logically plan out the project to completion, 2) to collect the information about work that needs to be done for a project, and 3) to organize activities into manageable components that will achieve project objectives. The WBS and WBS Dictionary are not the schedule, but rather the building blocks to it. The progression of WBS and WBS Dictionary development is as follows:
The WBS and WBS Dictionary should not be static documents. WBS construction is subject to project management progressive elaboration, and as new information becomes known, the WBS should be revised to reflect that information. A Project Team that has substantial changes to its WBS should reference the project’s Change Management Plan for guidance on management of changes to project scope.
Example
Below is a simplified WBS example with a limited number of organizing levels. The following list describes key characteristics of the sample WBS:
· Hierarchical Levels – contains three levels of work
· Numbering Sequence – uses outline numbering as a unique identifier for all levels
· Level one is 1.0, which illustrates the project level.
· Level two is 1.X (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc.), which is the summary level, and often the level at which reporting is done.
· Level three is 1.X.X (1.1.1, 1.1.2, etc.), which illustrates the work package level. The work package is the lowest level of the WBS where both the cost and schedule can be reliably estimated.
· Lowest Level Descriptions – expressed using verbs and objects, such as “make menu.”
Provide
Banquet
Plan and
Supervise
Dinner
Room and
Equipment
GuestsStaffSpeakers
1.1.1 Create
Plan
1.1.2 Make
Budget
1.1.4
Coordinate
Activities
1.1.3 Prepare
Disbursements/
Reconciliation
1.2.1 Make
Menu
1.2.2
Create
Shopping
List
1.2.4 Cook
1.2.3 Shop
1.4.1 Make
Guest List
1.4.2
Receive
RSVPs
1.4.4 Review
Special Needs
1.4.3 Create
Name Tags
1.2.5 Serve
Dinner
1.3.1
Identify Site/
Room
1.3.2 Set up
Tables/Chairs
1.3.4 Decorate
1.3.3 Lay out
Settings/Utensils
1.3.5 Prepare
.
PROJECT PART ONE
1
Part-1: Creating a New Plane
Students Name
Institution Affiliation
Course
Date
Part-1: Creating a New Plane
Project Title: Creating a New Plane
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) lists all project duties. WBS is hierarchical and offers logical, ambiguity-free categorization. Activities or deliverables may define these categories. The WBS must represent the approved work. The project's scope statement should be used to create a timetable and cost estimate. Project managers must construct a WBS before developing a strategy and timeline. Developing a WBS and WBS Dictionary will allow the project team to: 1)gather information on the project's work requirements for creating a new plane, 2)divide operations into smaller portions that will fulfill the project's goals, and 3)design the project so that it is proactive and logical from beginning to end.
Before the project begins, the PM has minimal influence. without specifying project scope. Through scope management, the project manager can design and maintain the scope statement. This statement describes the project manager's deliverables. This phase ensures and communicates to project management that only scope-related activity is done. This step helps complete the work.
Planning
Most firms that use project management make their OPA available to project managers. This, along with a Project Charter and Preliminary Project Scope Statement, will help the PM launch this part of the project. The Project Manager will have a Scope Management Plan after this stage. According to the Scope Management Plan, the PM will document, refine, verify, and oversee the project scope.
Define.
Project scope is next. To define project requirements, the project manager must interview all relevant parties. After understanding the project's stakeholders' needs and expectations, the scope can be established by prioritizing outputs. Discussing some options now may be helpful if they need to be documented later. After completing the scope definition, the project manager should conclude the scope statement. This will help in later project stages when making selections and ensuring everyone knows the project's goals.
Create a WBS.
A well-designed WBS should focus on project deliverables, not tasks (WBS). If you don't use the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) as a checklist of activities to do (your project plan will help), you can focus on the WBS's primary purpose: organizing and outlining the project's scope. Work packages should be the foundation of the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). These work bundles should help you estimate the project's cost and timeline.
Verification
In "Scope Verification," you'll win stakeholders' formal approval of your project's scope. To acquire this degree of acceptability, you must often undergo Inspection.
Control
Change Integrated Any project changes require a Control Process (ICCP). During Scope Control, you'll address ever.
PositioningPositioning of Product or ServiceParis based weig.docxChantellPantoja184
Positioning
Positioning of Product or Service
Paris based weight loss program that is affordable
Quality program for half the price of our competitors
Consumer Promise
Our spa will take care of you , while you lose weight
1
SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 3work breakdown structure
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a decomposition of all the work necessary to complete a project. A WBS is arranged in a hierarchy and constructed to allow for clear and logical groupings, either by activities or deliverables. The WBS should represent the work identified in the approved Project Scope Statement and serves as an early foundation for effective schedule development and cost estimating. Project managers typically will develop a WBS as a precursor to a detailed project schedule. The WBS should be accompanied by a WBS Dictionary, which lists and defines WBS elements.
The goals of developing a WBS and WBS Dictionary are 1) for the project team to proactively and logically plan out the project to completion, 2) to collect the information about work that needs to be done for a project, and 3) to organize activities into manageable components that will achieve project objectives. The WBS and WBS Dictionary are not the schedule, but rather the building blocks to it. The progression of WBS and WBS Dictionary development is as follows:
The WBS and WBS Dictionary should not be static documents. WBS construction is subject to project management progressive elaboration, and as new information becomes known, the WBS should be revised to reflect that information. A Project Team that has substantial changes to its WBS should reference the project’s Change Management Plan for guidance on management of changes to project scope.
Example
Below is a simplified WBS example with a limited number of organizing levels. The following list describes key characteristics of the sample WBS:
· Hierarchical Levels – contains three levels of work
· Numbering Sequence – uses outline numbering as a unique identifier for all levels
· Level one is 1.0, which illustrates the project level.
· Level two is 1.X (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc.), which is the summary level, and often the level at which reporting is done.
· Level three is 1.X.X (1.1.1, 1.1.2, etc.), which illustrates the work package level. The work package is the lowest level of the WBS where both the cost and schedule can be reliably estimated.
· Lowest Level Descriptions – expressed using verbs and objects, such as “make menu.”
Provide
Banquet
Plan and
Supervise
Dinner
Room and
Equipment
GuestsStaffSpeakers
1.1.1 Create
Plan
1.1.2 Make
Budget
1.1.4
Coordinate
Activities
1.1.3 Prepare
Disbursements/
Reconciliation
1.2.1 Make
Menu
1.2.2
Create
Shopping
List
1.2.4 Cook
1.2.3 Shop
1.4.1 Make
Guest List
1.4.2
Receive
RSVPs
1.4.4 Review
Special Needs
1.4.3 Create
Name Tags
1.2.5 Serve
Dinner
1.3.1
Identify Site/
Room
1.3.2 Set up
Tables/Chairs
1.3.4 Decorate
1.3.3 Lay out
Settings/Utensils
1.3.5 Prepare
.
PROJECT PART ONE
1
Part-1: Creating a New Plane
Students Name
Institution Affiliation
Course
Date
Part-1: Creating a New Plane
Project Title: Creating a New Plane
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) lists all project duties. WBS is hierarchical and offers logical, ambiguity-free categorization. Activities or deliverables may define these categories. The WBS must represent the approved work. The project's scope statement should be used to create a timetable and cost estimate. Project managers must construct a WBS before developing a strategy and timeline. Developing a WBS and WBS Dictionary will allow the project team to: 1)gather information on the project's work requirements for creating a new plane, 2)divide operations into smaller portions that will fulfill the project's goals, and 3)design the project so that it is proactive and logical from beginning to end.
Before the project begins, the PM has minimal influence. without specifying project scope. Through scope management, the project manager can design and maintain the scope statement. This statement describes the project manager's deliverables. This phase ensures and communicates to project management that only scope-related activity is done. This step helps complete the work.
Planning
Most firms that use project management make their OPA available to project managers. This, along with a Project Charter and Preliminary Project Scope Statement, will help the PM launch this part of the project. The Project Manager will have a Scope Management Plan after this stage. According to the Scope Management Plan, the PM will document, refine, verify, and oversee the project scope.
Define.
Project scope is next. To define project requirements, the project manager must interview all relevant parties. After understanding the project's stakeholders' needs and expectations, the scope can be established by prioritizing outputs. Discussing some options now may be helpful if they need to be documented later. After completing the scope definition, the project manager should conclude the scope statement. This will help in later project stages when making selections and ensuring everyone knows the project's goals.
Create a WBS.
A well-designed WBS should focus on project deliverables, not tasks (WBS). If you don't use the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) as a checklist of activities to do (your project plan will help), you can focus on the WBS's primary purpose: organizing and outlining the project's scope. Work packages should be the foundation of the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). These work bundles should help you estimate the project's cost and timeline.
Verification
In "Scope Verification," you'll win stakeholders' formal approval of your project's scope. To acquire this degree of acceptability, you must often undergo Inspection.
Control
Change Integrated Any project changes require a Control Process (ICCP). During Scope Control, you'll address ever.
6 Work Breakdown Structure and SchedulingCavan ImagesSto.docxevonnehoggarth79783
6 Work Breakdown Structure and Scheduling
Cavan Images/Stone/Getty Images
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
• Discuss the creation of a project work breakdown structure.
• Describe the scheduling process.
• Explain how to create schedules.
CO_CRD
CN
CT
CO_LO
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CO_BL
co-cn
co-cr
co-box
co-intro
co-photo
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bar81677_06_c06_173-198.indd 173 9/9/14 10:52 AM
Section 6.1 The Work Breakdown Structure
Pretest
1. To prepare a work breakdown structure for a project, the project manager starts from
the project’s end point and works backward.
a. True
b. False
2. Project schedules can act as constraints rather than efficiency tools.
a. True
b. False
3. Using a project template is recommended for simplifying the scheduling process.
a. True
b. False
Answers can be found at the end of the chapter.
Introduction
If you have ever been part of a team effort where it was unclear who was doing what, then you
have experienced the consequences of not planning out project work. When a team takes on
a project, there must be a plan for the work, a way to identify all the work tasks that must be
done in sequence to produce the project deliverable. In project management, this is called the
work breakdown structure. The WBS is the “what” in the question of who does what. Later,
team members are assigned to the work, but the first step is deciding what the work is.
This chapter will cover the process of defining and breaking down project work and schedul-
ing work tasks and milestones. It will focus on the WBS and scheduling process and the issues
involved in effective scheduling. This is important because outlining what needs to be done to
produce a project’s requirements and deliverables is a proven technique in producing a suc-
cessful project. This process of breaking down project work is a bread-and-butter function in
the project management field.
This chapter covers the definition of project work using a top-down WBS and scheduling the
work from the bottom up. It will illustrate the process and identify ways to reflect risk and
uncertainty in the scheduling process.
6.1 The Work Breakdown Structure
A WBS is a valuable description and documentation of the work involved in producing the
project deliverable. Sometimes the WBS is easy to define, but in more complex projects it is a
complicated and detailed listing of work tasks, milestones, and resources (resources include
personnel, materials, equipment, supplies, facilities, and other assets used in a project). The
WBS is the structure of the work, not the components of the product. Although some work is
directly related to product parts, the purpose of the WBS is to enable an accounting of the costs
of the project and the sequence of work activity and resource use so these can be scheduled.
H1
sec_n sec_t
bar81677_06_c06_173-198.indd 174 9/9/14 10:52 AM
Design Develop
Get
acceptance
Deliver
New information .
SEQ CHAPTER h r 3work breakdown structure A Work Breakdown St.docxaryan532920
SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 3work breakdown structure
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a decomposition of all the work necessary to complete a project. A WBS is arranged in a hierarchy and constructed to allow for clear and logical groupings, either by activities or deliverables. The WBS should represent the work identified in the approved Project Scope Statement and serves as an early foundation for effective schedule development and cost estimating. Project managers typically will develop a WBS as a precursor to a detailed project schedule. The WBS should be accompanied by a WBS Dictionary, which lists and defines WBS elements.
The goals of developing a WBS and WBS Dictionary are 1) for the project team to proactively and logically plan out the project to completion, 2) to collect the information about work that needs to be done for a project, and 3) to organize activities into manageable components that will achieve project objectives. The WBS and WBS Dictionary are not the schedule, but rather the building blocks to it. The progression of WBS and WBS Dictionary development is as follows:
The WBS and WBS Dictionary should not be static documents. WBS construction is subject to project management progressive elaboration, and as new information becomes known, the WBS should be revised to reflect that information. A Project Team that has substantial changes to its WBS should reference the project’s Change Management Plan for guidance on management of changes to project scope.
Example
Below is a simplified WBS example with a limited number of organizing levels. The following list describes key characteristics of the sample WBS:
· Hierarchical Levels – contains three levels of work
· Numbering Sequence – uses outline numbering as a unique identifier for all levels
· Level one is 1.0, which illustrates the project level.
· Level two is 1.X (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc.), which is the summary level, and often the level at which reporting is done.
· Level three is 1.X.X (1.1.1, 1.1.2, etc.), which illustrates the work package level. The work package is the lowest level of the WBS where both the cost and schedule can be reliably estimated.
· Lowest Level Descriptions – expressed using verbs and objects, such as “make menu.”
Provide
Banquet
Plan and
Supervise
Dinner
Room and
Equipment
GuestsStaffSpeakers
1.1.1 Create
Plan
1.1.2 Make
Budget
1.1.4
Coordinate
Activities
1.1.3 Prepare
Disbursements/
Reconciliation
1.2.1 Make
Menu
1.2.2
Create
Shopping
List
1.2.4 Cook
1.2.3 Shop
1.4.1 Make
Guest List
1.4.2
Receive
RSVPs
1.4.4 Review
Special Needs
1.4.3 Create
Name Tags
1.2.5 Serve
Dinner
1.3.1
Identify Site/
Room
1.3.2 Set up
Tables/Chairs
1.3.4 Decorate
1.3.3 Lay out
Settings/Utensils
1.3.5 Prepare
Equipment, Pots,
Etc.
1.6.1 Invite
1.6.2
Transport
1.6.4 Backup
for No-shows
1.6.3
Coordinate
Topics
1.6.5 Send
Thank Yous
1.5.1 Hire
Shoppers
1.5.2 Hire
Cooks
1.5.4 Hire
Hosts
1.5.3 Hire
Servers
1.5.5 Hire
Cleanup
1.0
...
Work breakdown structure in project management ppt by kiran jIIT delhi
Presentation talks about WBS used in the Project Management, what is WBS? Why is it important? How construction and manufacturing firms utilizing WBS to create value delivery. WBS is an important step in Project Management and it is critical to understand it's concepts.
Iterative Process Planning
Work Breakdown Structures
Planning Guidelines
The Cost and Schedule Estimating Process
The Iteration Planning Process
Pragmatic Planning
Project Organizations and Responsibilities
Line-of-Business organizations
Project Organizations
Evolution Organizations
Process Automation
Tools: Automation Building Blocks
The Project Environment
Understanding the Work Breakdown Structure.pdfTEWMAGAZINE
Developing a Work Breakdown Structure: 1. Define Project Scope 2. Identify Major Deliverables 3. Decompose Deliverables 4. Use a Bottom-Up Approach 5. Apply the 100% Rule
Subject - Project ManagementDescribe what the WBS is and why you .pdfdeepaksatrker
Subject :- Project Management
Describe what the WBS is and why you think it\'s important to create one. You have the option
to research the web, textbook etc
Solution
Ans:- A work breakdown structure (WBS), inproject management and systems engineering, is a
deliverable-oriented decomposition of a project into smaller components. A work breakdown
structure is a key project deliverable that organizes the team\'s work into manageable sections.
The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) defines the work breakdown structure
as a \"deliverable oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project
team.\"
A work breakdown structure element may be aproduct, data, service, or any combination thereof.
A WBS also provides the necessary framework for detailed cost estimating and control along
with providing guidance for schedule development and control.
A work breakdown structure lets project managers plan their work more efficiently. A project is
characterized by time-limited activities and is assigned fixed time frames and costs. When it is
finished, a project must fulfill the stakeholder needs it was designed to address. The project
management has to plan for the schedule, the fixed costs and the functional completeness of the
project and assign responsibilities. The WBS helps make this planning consistent and provides
for effective project execution.
Importance;-
Tasks
The main purpose of a WBS is to reduce complicated activities to a collection of tasks. This is
important for the project manager because she can oversee the tasks more effectively than the
complex activities. Tasks must be measurable and independent, with clearly defined limits. All
the project work must be included in one of the tasks and the tasks must not include any non-
project work.
Costs
Because the WBS tasks are measurable, the project management can assign specific costs to each
task. The WBS lets project managers distribute the project budget into defined packages linked
to the tasks and check to make sure that the task costs in total don\'t exceed the total project cost.
Schedule
The WBS is important for tracking progress in the project schedule. Because the WBS tasks have
clearly defined limits, the project management can determine how advanced the project is by
checking which of the tasks are finished. Even within each task, the project management can
check for percent completion because each task is measurable..
Project Management Plan Templatewww.ProjectManagementDocs.com.docxwkyra78
Project Management Plan Template
www.ProjectManagementDocs.com
NOTE: As you complete each section for Week 2 (not submitted until Week 3), Week 3, and 4 remove the Green text in the template as you update each section with your own thoughts on how you will manage the project you are proposing. Using sections verbatim from the Template is considered Plagiarism and the template is just an Example of what should be in each section. Each section should be updated with your OWN work.
Project Management Plan
<Project Name>
Company Name
Street Address
City, State Zip Code
Date
Table of Contents
2Introduction
2Project Management Approach
3Project Scope
3Milestone List
4Schedule Baseline and Work Breakdown Structure
4Change Management Plan
5Communications Management Plan
7Cost Management Plan
9work Management Plan
9Project Scope Management Plan
10Project Monitoring Strategies
10Quality Management Plan
11Risk Management Plan
12Risk Register
12Staffing Management Plan
13Resources
13Budget
14Quality Baseline
15Sponsor Acceptance
Introduction
The Introduction provides a high level overview of the project and what is included in this Project Management Plan. This should include a high level description of the project and describe the projects deliverables and benefits. Excessive detail is not necessary in this section as the other sections of the project plan will include this information. This section should provide a summarized framework of the project and its purpose. Look back at the Project Charter for information to include in this section.
Total Software Incorporated (TSI) has recently approved the SmartVoice project to move forward for project initiation within the research and development (R&D) group. This project will result in the development of new voice recognition software and supports TSI’s corporate strategy of providing progressive solutions to clients which improve productivity in both the workplace and home environment. While voice recognition software is currently available, TSI believes that new technological developments will enable our team to develop a solution far superior to what is currently available.
TSI has been successful in gaining market share because of its aggressive pursuit of product quality, ease of use, flexibility, and customer service. Additionally, customers understand that our products may be applied to a wide range of uses for business and personal functions. By leveraging our reputation for superior quality and user-friendly products, and capitalizing on new technology, TSI can position itself as the premier provider of effective and easy to use voice recognitions software in today’s marketplace.Project Management Approach
This section is where you outline the overall management approach for the project. This section should describe, in general terms, the roles and authority of project team members. It should also include which organizations will provide resources for the project and any res ...
Please respond to the followingAnalyze ONE of the Neo-Piageti.docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following:
Analyze ONE of the Neo-Piagetians’ theories of cognitive development
Examine the primary ways in which the chosen theory falls short in addressing adult learners from a different class, ethnicity, gender, and/or social context.
Suggest specific implications of applying the chosen conceptualization within a learning setting comprising adult learners. Justify your response.
.
Please respond to the followingBased on the discussion prepar.docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following:
Based on the discussion preparation for this week, suggest two biologically rooted approaches that instructors may use in order to facilitate learning of one particular task. Illustrate the process by which embodied learning would foster a deeper learning of the task in question.
.
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6 Work Breakdown Structure and Scheduling
Cavan Images/Stone/Getty Images
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
• Discuss the creation of a project work breakdown structure.
• Describe the scheduling process.
• Explain how to create schedules.
CO_CRD
CN
CT
CO_LO
CO_TX
CO_BL
co-cn
co-cr
co-box
co-intro
co-photo
co
bar81677_06_c06_173-198.indd 173 9/9/14 10:52 AM
Section 6.1 The Work Breakdown Structure
Pretest
1. To prepare a work breakdown structure for a project, the project manager starts from
the project’s end point and works backward.
a. True
b. False
2. Project schedules can act as constraints rather than efficiency tools.
a. True
b. False
3. Using a project template is recommended for simplifying the scheduling process.
a. True
b. False
Answers can be found at the end of the chapter.
Introduction
If you have ever been part of a team effort where it was unclear who was doing what, then you
have experienced the consequences of not planning out project work. When a team takes on
a project, there must be a plan for the work, a way to identify all the work tasks that must be
done in sequence to produce the project deliverable. In project management, this is called the
work breakdown structure. The WBS is the “what” in the question of who does what. Later,
team members are assigned to the work, but the first step is deciding what the work is.
This chapter will cover the process of defining and breaking down project work and schedul-
ing work tasks and milestones. It will focus on the WBS and scheduling process and the issues
involved in effective scheduling. This is important because outlining what needs to be done to
produce a project’s requirements and deliverables is a proven technique in producing a suc-
cessful project. This process of breaking down project work is a bread-and-butter function in
the project management field.
This chapter covers the definition of project work using a top-down WBS and scheduling the
work from the bottom up. It will illustrate the process and identify ways to reflect risk and
uncertainty in the scheduling process.
6.1 The Work Breakdown Structure
A WBS is a valuable description and documentation of the work involved in producing the
project deliverable. Sometimes the WBS is easy to define, but in more complex projects it is a
complicated and detailed listing of work tasks, milestones, and resources (resources include
personnel, materials, equipment, supplies, facilities, and other assets used in a project). The
WBS is the structure of the work, not the components of the product. Although some work is
directly related to product parts, the purpose of the WBS is to enable an accounting of the costs
of the project and the sequence of work activity and resource use so these can be scheduled.
H1
sec_n sec_t
bar81677_06_c06_173-198.indd 174 9/9/14 10:52 AM
Design Develop
Get
acceptance
Deliver
New information .
SEQ CHAPTER h r 3work breakdown structure A Work Breakdown St.docxaryan532920
SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 3work breakdown structure
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a decomposition of all the work necessary to complete a project. A WBS is arranged in a hierarchy and constructed to allow for clear and logical groupings, either by activities or deliverables. The WBS should represent the work identified in the approved Project Scope Statement and serves as an early foundation for effective schedule development and cost estimating. Project managers typically will develop a WBS as a precursor to a detailed project schedule. The WBS should be accompanied by a WBS Dictionary, which lists and defines WBS elements.
The goals of developing a WBS and WBS Dictionary are 1) for the project team to proactively and logically plan out the project to completion, 2) to collect the information about work that needs to be done for a project, and 3) to organize activities into manageable components that will achieve project objectives. The WBS and WBS Dictionary are not the schedule, but rather the building blocks to it. The progression of WBS and WBS Dictionary development is as follows:
The WBS and WBS Dictionary should not be static documents. WBS construction is subject to project management progressive elaboration, and as new information becomes known, the WBS should be revised to reflect that information. A Project Team that has substantial changes to its WBS should reference the project’s Change Management Plan for guidance on management of changes to project scope.
Example
Below is a simplified WBS example with a limited number of organizing levels. The following list describes key characteristics of the sample WBS:
· Hierarchical Levels – contains three levels of work
· Numbering Sequence – uses outline numbering as a unique identifier for all levels
· Level one is 1.0, which illustrates the project level.
· Level two is 1.X (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc.), which is the summary level, and often the level at which reporting is done.
· Level three is 1.X.X (1.1.1, 1.1.2, etc.), which illustrates the work package level. The work package is the lowest level of the WBS where both the cost and schedule can be reliably estimated.
· Lowest Level Descriptions – expressed using verbs and objects, such as “make menu.”
Provide
Banquet
Plan and
Supervise
Dinner
Room and
Equipment
GuestsStaffSpeakers
1.1.1 Create
Plan
1.1.2 Make
Budget
1.1.4
Coordinate
Activities
1.1.3 Prepare
Disbursements/
Reconciliation
1.2.1 Make
Menu
1.2.2
Create
Shopping
List
1.2.4 Cook
1.2.3 Shop
1.4.1 Make
Guest List
1.4.2
Receive
RSVPs
1.4.4 Review
Special Needs
1.4.3 Create
Name Tags
1.2.5 Serve
Dinner
1.3.1
Identify Site/
Room
1.3.2 Set up
Tables/Chairs
1.3.4 Decorate
1.3.3 Lay out
Settings/Utensils
1.3.5 Prepare
Equipment, Pots,
Etc.
1.6.1 Invite
1.6.2
Transport
1.6.4 Backup
for No-shows
1.6.3
Coordinate
Topics
1.6.5 Send
Thank Yous
1.5.1 Hire
Shoppers
1.5.2 Hire
Cooks
1.5.4 Hire
Hosts
1.5.3 Hire
Servers
1.5.5 Hire
Cleanup
1.0
...
Work breakdown structure in project management ppt by kiran jIIT delhi
Presentation talks about WBS used in the Project Management, what is WBS? Why is it important? How construction and manufacturing firms utilizing WBS to create value delivery. WBS is an important step in Project Management and it is critical to understand it's concepts.
Iterative Process Planning
Work Breakdown Structures
Planning Guidelines
The Cost and Schedule Estimating Process
The Iteration Planning Process
Pragmatic Planning
Project Organizations and Responsibilities
Line-of-Business organizations
Project Organizations
Evolution Organizations
Process Automation
Tools: Automation Building Blocks
The Project Environment
Understanding the Work Breakdown Structure.pdfTEWMAGAZINE
Developing a Work Breakdown Structure: 1. Define Project Scope 2. Identify Major Deliverables 3. Decompose Deliverables 4. Use a Bottom-Up Approach 5. Apply the 100% Rule
Subject - Project ManagementDescribe what the WBS is and why you .pdfdeepaksatrker
Subject :- Project Management
Describe what the WBS is and why you think it\'s important to create one. You have the option
to research the web, textbook etc
Solution
Ans:- A work breakdown structure (WBS), inproject management and systems engineering, is a
deliverable-oriented decomposition of a project into smaller components. A work breakdown
structure is a key project deliverable that organizes the team\'s work into manageable sections.
The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) defines the work breakdown structure
as a \"deliverable oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project
team.\"
A work breakdown structure element may be aproduct, data, service, or any combination thereof.
A WBS also provides the necessary framework for detailed cost estimating and control along
with providing guidance for schedule development and control.
A work breakdown structure lets project managers plan their work more efficiently. A project is
characterized by time-limited activities and is assigned fixed time frames and costs. When it is
finished, a project must fulfill the stakeholder needs it was designed to address. The project
management has to plan for the schedule, the fixed costs and the functional completeness of the
project and assign responsibilities. The WBS helps make this planning consistent and provides
for effective project execution.
Importance;-
Tasks
The main purpose of a WBS is to reduce complicated activities to a collection of tasks. This is
important for the project manager because she can oversee the tasks more effectively than the
complex activities. Tasks must be measurable and independent, with clearly defined limits. All
the project work must be included in one of the tasks and the tasks must not include any non-
project work.
Costs
Because the WBS tasks are measurable, the project management can assign specific costs to each
task. The WBS lets project managers distribute the project budget into defined packages linked
to the tasks and check to make sure that the task costs in total don\'t exceed the total project cost.
Schedule
The WBS is important for tracking progress in the project schedule. Because the WBS tasks have
clearly defined limits, the project management can determine how advanced the project is by
checking which of the tasks are finished. Even within each task, the project management can
check for percent completion because each task is measurable..
Project Management Plan Templatewww.ProjectManagementDocs.com.docxwkyra78
Project Management Plan Template
www.ProjectManagementDocs.com
NOTE: As you complete each section for Week 2 (not submitted until Week 3), Week 3, and 4 remove the Green text in the template as you update each section with your own thoughts on how you will manage the project you are proposing. Using sections verbatim from the Template is considered Plagiarism and the template is just an Example of what should be in each section. Each section should be updated with your OWN work.
Project Management Plan
<Project Name>
Company Name
Street Address
City, State Zip Code
Date
Table of Contents
2Introduction
2Project Management Approach
3Project Scope
3Milestone List
4Schedule Baseline and Work Breakdown Structure
4Change Management Plan
5Communications Management Plan
7Cost Management Plan
9work Management Plan
9Project Scope Management Plan
10Project Monitoring Strategies
10Quality Management Plan
11Risk Management Plan
12Risk Register
12Staffing Management Plan
13Resources
13Budget
14Quality Baseline
15Sponsor Acceptance
Introduction
The Introduction provides a high level overview of the project and what is included in this Project Management Plan. This should include a high level description of the project and describe the projects deliverables and benefits. Excessive detail is not necessary in this section as the other sections of the project plan will include this information. This section should provide a summarized framework of the project and its purpose. Look back at the Project Charter for information to include in this section.
Total Software Incorporated (TSI) has recently approved the SmartVoice project to move forward for project initiation within the research and development (R&D) group. This project will result in the development of new voice recognition software and supports TSI’s corporate strategy of providing progressive solutions to clients which improve productivity in both the workplace and home environment. While voice recognition software is currently available, TSI believes that new technological developments will enable our team to develop a solution far superior to what is currently available.
TSI has been successful in gaining market share because of its aggressive pursuit of product quality, ease of use, flexibility, and customer service. Additionally, customers understand that our products may be applied to a wide range of uses for business and personal functions. By leveraging our reputation for superior quality and user-friendly products, and capitalizing on new technology, TSI can position itself as the premier provider of effective and easy to use voice recognitions software in today’s marketplace.Project Management Approach
This section is where you outline the overall management approach for the project. This section should describe, in general terms, the roles and authority of project team members. It should also include which organizations will provide resources for the project and any res ...
Please respond to the followingAnalyze ONE of the Neo-Piageti.docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following:
Analyze ONE of the Neo-Piagetians’ theories of cognitive development
Examine the primary ways in which the chosen theory falls short in addressing adult learners from a different class, ethnicity, gender, and/or social context.
Suggest specific implications of applying the chosen conceptualization within a learning setting comprising adult learners. Justify your response.
.
Please respond to the followingBased on the discussion prepar.docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following:
Based on the discussion preparation for this week, suggest two biologically rooted approaches that instructors may use in order to facilitate learning of one particular task. Illustrate the process by which embodied learning would foster a deeper learning of the task in question.
.
Please respond to the following in an approx. 5-6 page paper, double.docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following in an approx. 5-6 page paper, double-spaced, 12 point font:
Considering everything we have learned to date about Palestine: the history of the region, the contemporary events leading to the establishment of Israel, and the different factions involved, was the failure to find a sustainable solution for all sides inevitable? Why or why not?
Your essay must have a clear thesis, and be supported by specific examples from the material we have covered (lecture, text, etc.). You must also draw on some of the primary sources (documents), in order to support your position.
I will be sending you my id and password for all the presentation lectures.
.
Please respond to the followingImagine you have recently .docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following:
Imagine you have recently been hired to be the Chief Learning Officer (CLO) for a corporation and have been tasked to establish a corporate university.
Discuss the various types of training media you would use to educate your corporate students and how these media would be put to use.
Make sure to include a rationale and at least one citation from your reading.
.
Please respond to one (1) the followingRead the article e.docxSONU61709
Please respond to
one (1)
the following:
Read the article entitled
“Leadership Excellence: Communicate Your Vision”
. Next, assess the consequences of leaders not being able to communicate their change vision. Discuss the outcomes of a change management plan with an under-communicated vision of change. Develop a strategy for avoiding under-communicating the change vision.
View the video titled “John Kotter – Communicating a Vision for Change” (4 min 16 s) below. You may also view the video at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGVe3wRKmH0
. Next, assess the means of communication that are available to us as leaders. Review Kotter’s comments regarding communication, and efficient and effective communications. As the leader of a large organization implementing a change, develop a strategy for communicating your vision of change. Discuss the tools that the organization would use as well as the frequency of communication.
.
Please respond to the followingResearch on the Internet a rec.docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following:
Research on the Internet a recent public relations campaign that was undertaken to address a corporate scandal or misbehavior by a government official or celebrity, and study what part ethics played in the campaign, whether positively or negatively. Communications professor John Marston proposed a four-step model of the process through which public relations can influence public opinion. These steps include research, action, communication, and evaluation. Explain in detail how Marston’s four-step approach can be used to shape public opinion on the story you researched.
Research on the Internet a celebrity who has generated negative publicity in recent years for his/her sponsoring company. Businesses choose celebrities to endorse their products for a variety of reasons. Unfortunately, some of these celebrities act in ways that generate a lot of negative publicity for themselves and, by extension, for the sponsors who pay them. In the case of the celebrity you researched, explain in detail what actions you would take in this situation and why you would take them.
.
Please respond to Question One (bolded) and one additional ess.docxSONU61709
Please respond to
Question One
(bolded) and
one additional essay
question under
Question Two
of your choice. Please provide a complete essay response for both questions. Each response should be at least two pages (double- spaced, 12 pitch, Times New Roman). One reference page should accompany your work in APA format. Please place your name on each page. No late work will be accepted.
Question One:
As a student researcher, please introduce one theorist from the list below and describe what major components he or she has offered to those attempting to understand the development of children and/or families? Please include a photo of the selected theorist and critique his or her theory. For example, please discuss the strengths
and limitations of the individual’s theory.
Albert Bandura
David Liu
Erik Erikson
Harriette Pipes McAdoo
Jean Piaget
Lawrence Kohlberg
Lev Vygotsky
Question Two: (Choose One Question To Answer Below)
•
Linda Espinosa
•
Maria Montessori
•
Robert Coles
•
Sigmund Freud
•
Terry Cross
•
Urie Bronfenbrenner
What happens to children who experience consistent and high levels of stress and Cortisol? https://www.medstargeorgetown.org/ourservices/psychiatry/treatments/child-and-adolescent- psychiatryprogram/
How can parents work to protect children from Contaminants at School? http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/podc asts/school/index.cfm
Many children love being in or around water, whether it’s a backyard pool or a local beach. But without proper safety measures, water can be dangerous for young children. Please identify one academic journal article related to water safety? How can parents make water safety a priority? Please review this site: https://www.redcross.org/gethelp/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/watersafety.html
How could the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, also known as the WIC program, assist a single parent with limited income? What foods are eligible under this program?
hat steps can parents take to keep their children healthy?
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life- coping/children.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019- ncov%2Fprepare%2Fchildren.html
According to the NIEHS and EPA how can parents help prevent lead poisoning in children and youth? What is your state or local area doing to help eradicate lead poisoning?
*Student should utilize the referenced links above as well as other scholarly documents to develop their responses.
*Students must include a reference page for each question in APA format.
Important: Work submitted without a reference page
will not
be graded.
.
Please respond to the following in a substantive post (3–4 paragraph.docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following in a substantive post (3–4 paragraphs):
Explain the primary reasons project management causes a cultural change.
Describe the impact of that cultural change on integrative information technology.
Provide at least one example of a cultural change that project management can cause.
Be sure to provide full citations and references
.
Please respond to the followingDebate if failing to reje.docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following:
Debate if “failing to reject the null” is the same as “accepting the null.” Support your position with examples of acceptance or rejection of the null.
Be sure to respond to at least one of your classmates’ posts.
Click here to watch the video
Reply Quote
.
Please respond to the followingCharts and graphs are used.docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following:
Charts and graphs are used quite often in newspapers, magazines, books, and various online articles. There are pros and cons to using these types of visual representations.
Describe one pro and one con for using a graph or chart. Share an example of a time when this type of visual changed your mind about something or gave you a deeper understanding of a topic or current event.
.
Please respond to the followingAppraise the different approac.docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following:
Appraise the different approaches (e.g., biological, psychological, sociocultural, etc.) that may influence the myriad of methods by which adults construct learning. Suggest key instructional strategies that you might use that favor an integrated approach to teaching within a diverse learning context. Provide examples of such strategies in use in order to support your response.
.
Please respond to the following discussion with a well thought out r.docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following discussion with a well thought out response with relating to at least one source (cite using APA). Post your main post within midnight Thursday.
How could you use milestones and/or Earned Value Management as a measure of success in a project?
What limitation does just offering milestones provide as a means of project reporting?
Define some best practices with monitoring project quality.
Choose at least one quality tool and explain how it may be used in a project.
.
Please respond to each classmate if there is a need for it and als.docxSONU61709
Please respond to each classmate if there is a need for it and also any suggestion and comment that u may think are need it in order to correct the rough draft for the final use it
1)Hey---------, I like your introduction, your thesis is clear and it is in the last sentence of the intro. I think that the big theme of this story is to hold on to our traditional ancestral values, or at least respect these values because they are important and we clearly see it in the story. I would suggest to watch out for spelling errors and to work a little more on your conclusion, I would recommend giving more summary and more details in explaining your thesis.
2) hello -----,
I like your explination and view of this short story. Other then giving a little more detail from the story I think you did great. What made you choose this story to write about?
After reading you paper what made you choice this story? I like how you talk about the story and how you break everything down. I know you wanted to keep everything original I believe you could have adding just a little more to your paper. I can completely understand how writing papers can be hard keep up the amazing work.
3)Hi, -----------
I also had chosen the same story to write about. I thought you had done a good job. I know its hard to think of so many words, about the the same thing. But my understanding is we werent allowed to use out side sources. We were only allowed to use our book. May be I misunderstood, which is very possible. Did you agree with the villagers for destroying the school, because their path was blocked off?
Running head: FICTION ANALYSIS: DEAD MEN’S PATH 1
FICTION ANALYSIS: DEAD MEN’S PATH 4
Fiction Analysis:Dead Men's Path
Estrella Gonzalez
South University
ENG1300 SU01 Composition III/Literature
Joseph Walker
Fiction Analysis:Dead Men's Path Comment by Joseph: Start actual paper at the top of a new page.
Dead Men's Path by China Achebe delves into the implications of making choices. Achebe uses symbolism to bring home his views on the repercussions that choices people make can have on their lives. Achebe presents a society that is torn apart in two divides: between the tradition on one hand and modernity on the other hand. The society is not willing to welcome the new progressive thoughts that have been brought by the missionaries(Achebe, 2009). Through the use of symbolism, Achebe makes a cataclysmic flowing story that has much deeper imnsights than the superficial representations in words. What are some of the dangers of disregarding the opinions that is supported by majority in the society? Achebe’s Dead Men's Path answers this question using symbolic presentations. Comment by Joseph: Set off titles. Comment by Joseph: Be careful of the spelling of names. Comment by Joseph: You don’t need a citation for simple plot summary. Comment by J.
please respond to both discussion in your own words in citation plea.docxSONU61709
please respond to both discussion in your own words in citation please need it in your own words
1.The Florida bog frog could be a small and uncommon land and water proficient. This species features a yellowish-brown upper body, a yellow stomach, brown eardrum, yellow throat, a contract ridge that runs along the side down the back, and littler webbed feet with bigger toes . There's restricted data accessible approximately the reproduction of the Florida bog frog. Florida bog frogs breed between the months of April and August. Amid the breeding season, marsh frogs will let out boisterous “chucks” to pull in a mate.Florida bog frogs occupy numerous regions including shallow, acidic spring leaks; boggy floods of streams; .The most risk to the Florida marsh frog is the degradation of its habitat. Bog frogs flourish best in early succession vegetation.
2.The Florida mouse is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is the only species in the genus Podomys, which is the single mammal genus endemic to Florida. I like this mouse because it reminds me of Mickey Mouse created by Walt Disney, and redirect me to its amusement parks in Orlando, Florida. This mouse also caught my attention because it looks so funny and different from the rest of the mice. The Florida mouse is found only in a limited area in central peninsular Florida and one small area in the Florida panhandle. The mouse inhabits some of Florida's hottest and driest regions in the high pinelands, sandhills, flatlands, and coastal scrub. They average between 5 to 8 inches long, and their tails are between 2 to 3.5 inches long, weighing between 1/2 ounce to 1 ounce. The Florida mouse has soft silky fur that is brown or brownish-orange in color. Its underparts are white. Their ears are large and furless. Their tails are long, and their back paws are large and have 5 pads. Their teeth are sharp, and they use them for gnawing.
The Florida mouse is nocturnal and is active throughout the year except on unusually cold nights. The mouse can climb but is primarily a terrestrial species. They communicate by emitting high pitched squeals, and when they are excited, they thump the ground with their front paws producing a drumming sound. The Florida mouse also has a distinctive odor, almost like a skunk. A baby of a Florida mouse is called a pinkie, kitten, or pup. The females are called doe and males buck. A Florida mouse group is called a nest, colony, harvest, horde, or mischief.
The Florida mouse is an omnivore, and its diet consists of acorns when available, insects, seeds, nuts, fungi, crickets, ticks, fruit, berries, and other plant material and vertebrates. A 1987 report indicates the mouse feeds on engorged ticks (
Ornithodorus turicata americanus
) that parasitize gopher frogs (
Rana areolata
) and gopher tortoises.
According to the official State of Florida's Endangered and Threatened Species List of wildlife, the Florida mouse is considered as State Species of Special Conce.
please respond In your own words not citations1. The Miami blu.docxSONU61709
please respond In your own words not citations
1. The Miami blue butterfly may be a little butterfly .The Miami blue butterfly can be found in tropical pine rock-lands, and beach side in Florida. The Miami blue was thought extinct until it was rediscovered in 1999 . In spite of many changes the Bahia Honda populace held on until 2010, when it vanished, maybe due to a combination of dry spell, cold temperatures, and being eaten by non-native green iguanas. They was rediscovered in Key West National Natural life Asylum in 2006. The are one of Florida most endangered species. I love butterflies because they're colorful with wings of distinctive patterns. I love how they change from caterpillars to cocoons to butterflies. Its so relate able to life , always changing and evolving . Its astonishing that the butterfly emerges from the unpleasant small caterpillar and shapes a cocoon and after that rises as a butterfly
2.Six families of dragonflies exist in Florida with most found near ponds and other freshwater sources. Dragonflies feature large eyes that make up most of their head and a muscular body that helps the insects use their large wings to fly. Sometimes you'll see dragonflies hovering near blacktop parking lots, but for the most part, the insects stay near water except when they look for a mate. They then return to the water to breed and deposit eggs.
Adult dragonflies will eat any insect as long as they can catch it. Dragonfly nymphs live in the water, and they usually wait on aquatic vegetation.
From the nymph stage to the adult stage, the dragonfly has a significant, positive ecological impact. Dragonfly eggs are laid and hatched in or near water, so their lives impact both water and land ecosystems. Once hatched, dragonfly nymphs can breathe underwater, and they use a motion similar to jet propulsion to move through their environment. This enables them to eat harmful aquatic organisms such as mosquito larvae. The nymph will continue contributing to this ecosystem for one to five years before becoming a mature adult. The adult dragonfly has enormous compound eyes that are useful in searching for flying insects. While flying, it uses its six legs to scoop food out of the air. Clasping the prey in its front legs, it then eats the insect in flight.
Dragonflies play ecological roles not only as predators but also as prey of birds, frogs, and other creatures. The presence of dragonflies indicates freshwater. One of the most useful dragonfly facts is that they reside low in the food chain, so a scientific study of their numbers and their health can reveal changes in water ecosystems more quickly than studying other animals or plants. Some national parks are beginning to use this species to survey and document the health of the park's water ecosystems. Since dragonflies eat mosquitoes and other insects, they help gardeners and outdoor enthusiasts. This also helps the environment because it allows humans to reduce the u.
Please respond in 300 words the followingWe see SWOT present.docxSONU61709
Please respond in 300 words the following
We see SWOT presented in a 4 block matrix:
Internal: S/W
External: O/Th
Choose a department in a hospital, such as labor and delivery, and provide an analysis that involves both internal and external matrices.
Use an outside resource for your initial post. Seek information through healthcare news articles and journals. Write in third person and do not use “I think or in my opinion”. Keep your information factual and follow APA standards on referencing
.
Please respond to the followingReflect on the usefulness .docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following:
Reflect on the usefulness of a portfolio to provide evidence of accomplishments to pursue career goals.
Determine if this approach may be more effective than others.
Make sure to include a rationale and at least one citation from your reading.
.
Please respond to the followingLeadership talent is an or.docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following:
Leadership talent is an organization-wide goal. Discuss how the responsibilities of the development of leadership talent should be partitioned among Human Resources staff and line managers. Be sure to address both the identification and development of future leadership.
.
Please respond to the followingHealth care faces critic.docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following:
Health care faces critical staffing shortages. Imagine you are part of the executive management team researching health care shortages.
Outline some of the staffing shortages in the market where you live. Are they consistent with national trends?
Design a strategy that describes how your organization would alleviate some staffing shortages, including whether you would hire licensed practical nurses instead of registered nurses. Include concepts from readings throughout your program or from peer-reviewed journal articles.
.
Please respond to the followingMNCs, IOs, NGOs, and the E.docxSONU61709
Please respond to the following:
MNCs, IOs, NGOs, and the European Union are nonstate actors in the role of pushing foreign policy to combat terrorism. Discuss 1 or 2 ways in which the national strategy influences any of these nonstate actors.
Analyze the benefits or disadvantages for the United States with regard to the agency's position on foreign aid. Provide 1 or 2 examples to support your response.
.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
1. 1
Work Breakdown Structures
(WBS)
2
WBS
track spent money on a program or track the anticipated a need
to spend money
covered everything
all the money went or was going
and system engineers to make sure that all effort required for
program or project has been accounted for and tracked
2. actual effort projected in area of the WBS is exceeding
projections
3
What is a WBS ?
fundamental project management tool for defining
and organizing the total scope of a project, using a
hierarchical tree structure.
4
What’s a WBS ?
work to be executed by the program team
2) define a set of planned outcomes that collectively
and exclusively represent 100% of the project scope.
nt level, the children of a parent
node collectively and exclusively represent 100% of
3. the scope of their parent node.
5
What is a WBS ?
-designed WBS describes planned outcomes
instead of planned actions.
ds of the project, and can
be predicted accurately
An easy way to think about a work breakdown
structure is as an outline or map of the specific
program
6
WBS Dictionary
or two describing the technical content of each
element of the WBS
4. cryptic, it is a good way to understand what exactly is
in the WBS
7
100% Rule
of the work defined by the project scope and
captures all deliverables – internal, external, interim
– in terms of the work to be completed, including
project management (and systems engineering).
8
100% Rule
ant principles
guiding the development, decomposition and
evaluation of the WBS.
sum of the work at the “child” level must equal 100%
of the work represented by the “parent” and the WBS
should not include any work that falls outside the
actual scope of the project, that is, it cannot include
more than 100% of the work…
5. 9
100% Rule Example
Project
Part A Part B
Part A.1 Part A.2 Part B.1 Part B.2 Part B.3
Parts A and B must add
up to 100% of the work
of the project
Parts B.1, B.2
and B.3 must
add up to 100%
of the work in
Part B
10
Figure 1: WBS Construction Technique. This
exemplary WBS is from PMI's Practice Standard for
6. Work Breakdown Structures (2nd Edition).
SE may or may not be included
In project management
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e4/WbsConstruction
.png
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:WbsConstruction.png
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:WbsConstruction.png
11
Examples of WBS
Product WBS
13
14
WBS Levels for SOFIA
• Project (or System level) - integrating all of the
systems of the project
• Observatory System (Subsystem) – integrating all of
7. the parts of the observatory – instruments and facility
• Airborne Facility (Segment level) – integrating all of
the parts on the aircraft
• Telescope Element (Element level) - Integrating the
parts of the telescope
15
Note – Systems
Engineering at
4 different levels
ct - integrating all
of the systems of the
project
–
integrating all of the
parts of the observatory
– instruments and
8. facility
Segment – integrating
all of the parts on the
aircraft
e Element
- integrating the parts
of the telescope
16
17
Why is a WBS Important to a
Systems Engineer ?
1. Budgeting: The proper way to get effort budgeted in a big
project is to get it into the WBS – so if you want systems
9. engineering to have a budget, need to understand the WBS
2. Systems Engineering View: effort may exist at many
levels in the project, examining the WBS allows you to see
where you need to insert Systems Engineering efforts
3. Integration View: If Systems Engineering is going to
integrate a project, it needs to know what is going on. The
budgeted effort is reflected in a WBS. The WBS is the place
to see where effort is being expended that may require
integration.
18
Why is a WBS Important to a
Systems Engineer ?
4. Technical Performance Budgeting: It is a good place
to start for building technical performance budgets, like
weight, electrical power, pointing accuracy
5. Cost Estimating and Scheduling: Systems Engineers
are always heavily involved in cost estimating and
scheduling and the WBS is a good tool for both of these
efforts
10. 19
Rules for WBS
not a chronological listing.
tice to construct a project schedule
before
designing a proper WBS.
construction
before completing the house design.
difficult to
follow the 100% Rule at all levels of the WBS hierarchy.
shadows
the organizational chart.
ned to
organizational
elements, a WBS that shadows the organizational structure is
not
descriptive of the project scope and is not outcome-oriented.
20
11. Rules for WBS
details, require formal change control.
outcome-oriented and not be prescriptive of
methods.
changes in planned outcomes require a higher
degree of formality.
21
Once you have the WBS
-hardware items such as software,
analysis, test, integration and project management
year) that you use for accounting/budgeting
estimating
cost for that item for that year
12. you get yearly budget
the WBS
schedule
in the WBS
22
Cost Estimation Relationship -
Example
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Total
Planning $500 $500 $500 $300 $100 $2,100
Dinner $100 $100 $100 $100 $7,000 $7,400
Room $0 $0 $1,500 $4,000 $500 $6,000
Guests $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $500
Staff $100 $100 $100 $100 $2,000 $2,400
Speakers $100 $100 $100 $3,000 $100 $3,400
Total $900 $900 $2,400 $7,600 $9,800 $21,800
Banquet is scheduled for May 15th
13. 23
$2,100 $7,400
$6,000
$500
$2,400 $3.000
Why Use a WBS
24
• The work breakdown structure has a number of
benefits in addition to defining and organizing the
project work.
• A project budget can be allocated to the top levels of
the work breakdown structure, and department budgets
can be quickly calculated based on the each project's
work breakdown structure.
• By allocating time and cost estimates to specific
sections of the work breakdown structure, a project
14. schedule and budget can be quickly developed from the
WBS.
• As the project executes, specific sections of the WBS
can be tracked to identify project cost performance and
identify issues and problem areas in the project.
Why Use a WBS
25
• Project WBSs can also be used to identify potential
risks in a given project.
• If a WBS has a branch that is not well defined then it
represents a scope definition risk.
• These risks should be tracked in a project log and
reviewed as the project executes.
• By integrating the WBS with an organizational
breakdown structure, the project manager can also
identify communication points and formulate a
communication plan across the project organization.
15. Why Use a WBS
26
• When a project is falling behind, referring the WBS
will quickly identify the major deliverables impacted
by a failing work package or late sub-deliverable.
• The WBS can also be color coded to represent sub-
deliverable status.
• Assigning colors of red for late, yellow for at risk,
green for on-target, and blue for completed
deliverables is an effective way to produce a heat-map
of project progress and draw management's attention to
key areas of the work breakdown structure.
WBS Guidelines
27
• The top level represents the final system deliverable
• Sub-deliverables contain work packages that are assigned to
16. a organization’s unit
• All elements of the work breakdown structure don’t need to
be defined to the same level
• The work package defines the work, duration, and costs for
the tasks required to produce the sub-deliverable
• Work packages should not exceed an agreed to period
• Work packages should be independent of other work
packages in the work breakdown structure
• Work packages are unique and should not be duplicated
across the work breakdown structure
Homework
Class
Work Breakdown Structure.
