1. Which of the following is not true regarding operonsa.they enc.pdf
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1. Which of the following is not true regarding operons? a.they encode for mRNA that contains coding sequence for two or more species b.they have one stop codon c.they have one promoter d.they coordinately regulate a group of genes then encode proteins with a common functional goal e.they have a single transcription sequence 2. Anabolic pathways that involve the synthesis of molecule such as tryptophan are usually regulated by a.end products of the pathways b.substrates ( or related compound) of an enzyme in the pathway c.methylation patterns d.inducers e.nucleosomes Solution 1. Answer A i.e they encode for mRNA that contains coding sequence for two or more species. An operon consists of a promoter and has stop codon to end translation and it is a cluster of genes with a common functional goal and is considered as one transcription unit. 2. Anabolic pathways synthesis is regulated by end products of the pathways. Such a regulation is called negative regulation where tryptophan itself regulated synthesis of enzymes by acting as a corepressor. Answer 2: A end products of the pathways.
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Dna and protein synthesis
DNA carries genetic information from one generation to the next and must replicate itself accurately when cells divide. DNA replication occurs via a semi-conservative process where each new DNA strand contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. During transcription, mRNA is synthesized from a gene on DNA using one DNA strand as a template. Translation then builds a polypeptide chain from the mRNA codon sequence using tRNA to add amino acids specified by each codon. Molecular recognition allows for specific interactions between proteins and other molecules through complementary binding of receptors, antigens, enzymes and substrates.
Gene regulation
assignment (ppt.) on Gene Regulation: its mechanism,levels and types (gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes)
operon and its components.
A polycationic mRNA contains two or more promoter sequences. True Fal.pdf
A polycationic mRNA contains two or more promoter sequences. True False
Solution
Answer-False
Description-operon is a functioning unit of genomic DNA containing a cluster of genes under the
control of a single promoter.The genes are transcribed together into an mRNA strand and
translated together in the cytoplasm, to create monocistronic mRNAs that are translated
separately.
several strands of mRNA that each encode a single gene productoperon contains one or more
structural genes which are generally transcribed into one polycistronic mRNA-a single mRNA
molecule that codes for more than one protein. the structural genes lies a promoter sequence
which provides a site for RNA polymerase to bind and initiate transcription.Polycistronic mRNA
is a mRNA that encodes several proteins and is characteristic of many bacterial and chloroplast
mRNAs. Polycistronic mRNAs consist of a leader sequence which precedes the first gene. The
gene is followed by an intercistronic region and then another gene. A trailer sequence follows the
last gene in the mRNA. Examples of a polycistronic transcripts are found in the chloroplast.
THE GENETIC CODE.pptx
The genetic code is a nonoverlapping code, with each amino acid plus polypeptide initiation and termination specified by RNA codons composed of three nucleotides.
protein synthesis
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2. Eukaryotic transcription is more complex than prokaryotic transcription due to multiple RNA polymerases, nucleosomes, separation of transcription and translation, and intron-exon structure of genes.
3. Following transcription, eukaryotic mRNA undergoes processing including capping, polyadenylation, and splicing before being translated into protein by ribosomes.
Chapter 20 Molecular Genetics Lesson 2 - Genes_Transcription and Translation
The document discusses how genes control the formation of proteins through transcription and translation. A gene is a segment of DNA that stores instructions to make a specific protein. During transcription, the DNA sequence is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome, where translation occurs. During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codon sequence. This results in a polypeptide chain that folds into a protein.
Gene Regulation.pptx
Gene regulation is the process used to control the timing, location and amount in which genes are expressed. The process can be complicated and is carried out by a variety of mechanisms, including through regulatory proteins and chemical modification of DNA.
GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION.pptx
This document discusses gene expression and regulation. It begins by defining gene expression as the process by which information from a gene is used to create a functional gene product like a protein. This occurs through two main steps - transcription of DNA into mRNA in the nucleus, and translation of mRNA into proteins in the cytoplasm. Regulation of gene expression controls which genes are expressed, such as through the lac operon which expresses lactose metabolism genes only in the presence of lactose. The lac operon provides an example of positive and negative gene regulation through a repressor protein that binds to the operon's DNA to block or allow transcription.
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Dna and protein synthesis
DNA carries genetic information from one generation to the next and must replicate itself accurately when cells divide. DNA replication occurs via a semi-conservative process where each new DNA strand contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. During transcription, mRNA is synthesized from a gene on DNA using one DNA strand as a template. Translation then builds a polypeptide chain from the mRNA codon sequence using tRNA to add amino acids specified by each codon. Molecular recognition allows for specific interactions between proteins and other molecules through complementary binding of receptors, antigens, enzymes and substrates.
Gene regulation
assignment (ppt.) on Gene Regulation: its mechanism,levels and types (gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes)
operon and its components.
A polycationic mRNA contains two or more promoter sequences. True Fal.pdf
A polycationic mRNA contains two or more promoter sequences. True False
Solution
Answer-False
Description-operon is a functioning unit of genomic DNA containing a cluster of genes under the
control of a single promoter.The genes are transcribed together into an mRNA strand and
translated together in the cytoplasm, to create monocistronic mRNAs that are translated
separately.
several strands of mRNA that each encode a single gene productoperon contains one or more
structural genes which are generally transcribed into one polycistronic mRNA-a single mRNA
molecule that codes for more than one protein. the structural genes lies a promoter sequence
which provides a site for RNA polymerase to bind and initiate transcription.Polycistronic mRNA
is a mRNA that encodes several proteins and is characteristic of many bacterial and chloroplast
mRNAs. Polycistronic mRNAs consist of a leader sequence which precedes the first gene. The
gene is followed by an intercistronic region and then another gene. A trailer sequence follows the
last gene in the mRNA. Examples of a polycistronic transcripts are found in the chloroplast.
THE GENETIC CODE.pptx
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protein synthesis
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2. Eukaryotic transcription is more complex than prokaryotic transcription due to multiple RNA polymerases, nucleosomes, separation of transcription and translation, and intron-exon structure of genes.
3. Following transcription, eukaryotic mRNA undergoes processing including capping, polyadenylation, and splicing before being translated into protein by ribosomes.
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Gene regulation is the process used to control the timing, location and amount in which genes are expressed. The process can be complicated and is carried out by a variety of mechanisms, including through regulatory proteins and chemical modification of DNA.
GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION.pptx
This document discusses gene expression and regulation. It begins by defining gene expression as the process by which information from a gene is used to create a functional gene product like a protein. This occurs through two main steps - transcription of DNA into mRNA in the nucleus, and translation of mRNA into proteins in the cytoplasm. Regulation of gene expression controls which genes are expressed, such as through the lac operon which expresses lactose metabolism genes only in the presence of lactose. The lac operon provides an example of positive and negative gene regulation through a repressor protein that binds to the operon's DNA to block or allow transcription.
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• Define transcription• Define translation• What are the 3 steps.pdf
• Define transcription
• Define translation
• What are the 3 steps of translation?
• Define the “genetic dogma”
• What is the function of Transfer RNA?
• What is the function of RNA polymerase?
• What is the function of DNA polymerase?
• Define “splicing of RNA”
• What is an exon?
• What component of the cell does the translation?
• What molecule in the cell does transcription?
• What are the functions of: operon, promotor?
• What is the difference between inducible operon and repressible operon?
Solution
• Define transcription
Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy, called a
messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it
directs the synthesis of the protein, which it encodes. Here is a more complete definition of
transcription.
• Define translation
Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to
a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship
between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it
encodes. In the cell cytoplasm, the ribosome reads the sequence of the mRNA in groups of three
bases to assemble the protein. Here is a more complete definition of translation:
• What are the 3 steps of translation?
Step # 1. Initiation:
Initiation of translation in E .coli involves the small ribosome subunit, a mRNA molecule, a
specific charge initiator tRNA, GTP, Mg++ and number of proteinaceous initiation factors (IFs).
These are initially part of the small subunit and are required to enhance binding affinity of the
various translational components (Table 8.1). Unlike ribosomal proteins, IFs are released from
the ribosome once initiation is completed.
Step # 2. Elongation:
Once both subunits of the ribosome are assembled with the mRNA, binding site for two charged
tRNA molecules are formed. These are designated as the ‘P’ or peptidyl and the ‘A’ or
aminoacyl sites. The charged initiator tRNA binds to the P site, provided that the AUG triplet of
mRNA is in the corresponding position of the small subunit. The increase of the growing
polypeptide chain by one amino acid is called elongation.
Step # 3. Termination:
Termination of protein synthesis is carried out by triplet codes (UAG, UAA, UGA; stop codons)
present at site A. These codons do not specify an amino acid, nor do they call for a tRNA in the
A site. These codons are called stop codons, termination codons or nonsense codons. The
finished polypeptide is still attached to the terminal tRNA at the P site, and the A site is empty.
• Define the “genetic dogma”
A theory in genetics and molecular biology subject to several exceptions that genetic information
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• What is the function of Transfer RNA?
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TRANSLATION & POST - TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS
The document discusses various aspects of translation - the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to direct the synthesis of a polypeptide chain. It describes how the genetic code is used to translate mRNA into a protein via tRNA and the ribosome. Key points covered include codon-anticodon interactions, the roles of initiation and elongation factors, and termination of protein synthesis.
Regulation of gene expression
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Protein synthesis
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Protein synthesis 2
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Gene expression system
This document provides an overview of gene expression and the central dogma of biology. It defines gene expression as the process by which genetic code is used to direct protein synthesis. The two main stages are transcription, where RNA is produced from DNA, and translation, where proteins are produced from mRNA. Key components of genes like exons, introns, promoters and enhancers are described. The details of transcription by RNA polymerase and the steps of translation by ribosomes are explained. The genetic code and how triplets of bases are used to represent the 20 amino acids is covered. The document concludes with an explanation of the central dogma that information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
Translation
Topics covered are:
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2. Wobble hypothesis
3. Stages (Initiation, Elongation and Termination) of translation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes with enzymes and their functions
4. Post-translation modification such as Glycosylation, Lipidation, Phosphorylation, Acetylation, Methylation (lysine and arginine methylation) and Ubiquitination
Subin cology
Protein biosynthesis is the process by which cells synthesize proteins. It involves the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain based on the genetic code. The main stages are activation of amino acids, initiation of translation at start codons on mRNA, elongation of the polypeptide chain by adding amino acids one by one, and termination when a stop codon is reached. Chaperones assist in protein folding and post-translational modifications further process the protein.
Transcription,translation and genetic code(cell biology)by welfredo yu
PREPARED BY
Welfredo Lubrico Yu,Jr.
BSEd-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION(C.T.E.)
SDSSU-MAIN CAMPUS,TANDAG CITY
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3.5 transcription & translation
DNA and RNA both contain nucleotides with sugars, bases, and phosphates. DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil. DNA exists as two strands, while RNA exists as a single strand. The genetic code uses three-base sequences called codons to specify the twenty amino acids. Transcription produces mRNA from DNA, and translation uses mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes and amino acids to assemble polypeptides specified by mRNA codons. Originally it was believed one gene specified one polypeptide, but exceptions to this rule have been discovered.
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Ig
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Gene regulation in prokaryotes
presented by HAFIZ M WASEEM
university of education LAHORE Pakistan
i am from mailsi vehari and studied in lahore
bsc in science college multan
msc from lahore
BiologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses protein synthesis which begins with DNA carrying the code for amino acid sequences. During transcription, a copy of the DNA sequence is made into messenger RNA (mRNA) which then leaves the nucleus. During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome based on complementary base pairing between the tRNA anticodon and mRNA codons. Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds to form the polypeptide chain.
Replication, transcription, translation and its regulation
This document summarizes key processes in DNA replication, transcription, translation, and their regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It describes how DNA makes copies of itself semiconservatively. Transcription involves RNA polymerase making an RNA copy of a DNA template. Translation uses ribosomes to convert the RNA into a polypeptide chain. Each process has initiation, elongation, and termination steps. Regulation ensures processes only occur at the right times and locations in the cell.
Genetic evidence supports which of the following explanations for the.pdf
Genetic evidence supports which of the following explanations for the presence of 13 different
finch species on the Galapagos islands? Each of the 13 species was founded by an independent
migration of a different species from the mainland to the islands. Many years ago, more than 13
different species of birds migrated to the islands. The current 13 finch species are the only ones
that survived. It\'s not clear based on the DNA evidence whether the 13 species arose from a
single migration of one species or multiple migrations of several species from the mainland to
the islands. Many years ago, a small population of single finch species migrated to the islands
and evolved into the current 13 species.
Solution
Answer will be 4th option that is \"many year ago, a small population of single finch species
migrwted yo the islands snd evolver into current 13 species.
The evolution of finch was related to feeding strategies. The 13 diatinct species were
descendants of a common ancestor and each of their species eats different type of food. for
example, Cactus finch has a long beak that reaches into blossoms, the gtound finch has a short
beak adapted for eating seeds burried under the soil and tree finch has a parrot shaped beak
suited for stripping bark to find insects.
The beak size is clearly related to feeding strategies, it is also related to reproduction. Female
finch tends to mate with males that have the same beak size..
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Complete the following table for Investments:
Fair value method(s)
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Similar to 1. Which of the following is not true regarding operonsa.they enc.pdf
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directs the synthesis of the protein, which it encodes. Here is a more complete definition of
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• Define translation
Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to
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Initiation of translation in E .coli involves the small ribosome subunit, a mRNA molecule, a
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Step # 2. Elongation:
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Termination of protein synthesis is carried out by triplet codes (UAG, UAA, UGA; stop codons)
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finished polypeptide is still attached to the terminal tRNA at the P site, and the A site is empty.
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polypeptide chain is located at 4 ina inithe A ite - During translation elongation, the tRNA
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transcription of MRNA? RNA POLymerase Il - Which eukaryotic RNA polymerase is involved
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The document discusses various aspects of translation - the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to direct the synthesis of a polypeptide chain. It describes how the genetic code is used to translate mRNA into a protein via tRNA and the ribosome. Key points covered include codon-anticodon interactions, the roles of initiation and elongation factors, and termination of protein synthesis.
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Control of gene expression ppt
Control of gene expression ppt
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inducible gene expression
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Protein synthesis
Protein synthesis involves two main steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA is used as a template to make messenger RNA (mRNA) which carries the genetic code out of the nucleus. In translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules match amino acids to the mRNA code on ribosomes to produce proteins according to the DNA's instructions. Quality control mechanisms like codon-anticodon interactions and elongation factors ensure the correct amino acids are joined in the proper sequence.
Protein synthesis 2
This document summarizes the central dogma of molecular biology and the process of protein synthesis. It discusses transcription from DNA to mRNA and translation from mRNA to proteins. The key components of translation including ribosomes, transfer RNA, mRNA, and various translation factors are described. The stages of translation initiation, elongation, termination and the role of chaperones in protein folding are also summarized.
Gene expression system
This document provides an overview of gene expression and the central dogma of biology. It defines gene expression as the process by which genetic code is used to direct protein synthesis. The two main stages are transcription, where RNA is produced from DNA, and translation, where proteins are produced from mRNA. Key components of genes like exons, introns, promoters and enhancers are described. The details of transcription by RNA polymerase and the steps of translation by ribosomes are explained. The genetic code and how triplets of bases are used to represent the 20 amino acids is covered. The document concludes with an explanation of the central dogma that information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
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Topics covered are:
1. History and Characteristics of Genetic codes
2. Wobble hypothesis
3. Stages (Initiation, Elongation and Termination) of translation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes with enzymes and their functions
4. Post-translation modification such as Glycosylation, Lipidation, Phosphorylation, Acetylation, Methylation (lysine and arginine methylation) and Ubiquitination
Subin cology
Protein biosynthesis is the process by which cells synthesize proteins. It involves the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain based on the genetic code. The main stages are activation of amino acids, initiation of translation at start codons on mRNA, elongation of the polypeptide chain by adding amino acids one by one, and termination when a stop codon is reached. Chaperones assist in protein folding and post-translational modifications further process the protein.
Transcription,translation and genetic code(cell biology)by welfredo yu
PREPARED BY
Welfredo Lubrico Yu,Jr.
BSEd-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION(C.T.E.)
SDSSU-MAIN CAMPUS,TANDAG CITY
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The document summarizes the process of translation, which involves mRNA being decoded by ribosomes to produce a specific amino acid sequence. It describes the three stages of translation - initiation, elongation, and termination. Key components like mRNA, ribosomes, tRNAs, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are discussed. The roles of these components in reading the genetic code contained in mRNA and synthesizing polypeptide chains are explained over multiple paragraphs.
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The document summarizes DNA, RNA, the genetic code, and protein biosynthesis. It discusses the central dogma of molecular biology whereby DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins. Key steps include DNA replication, transcription, translation, and post-translational processing. The genetic code is explained where codons in mRNA specify amino acids. Recombinant DNA technology allows joining DNA from different sources to produce recombinant proteins.
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i am from mailsi vehari and studied in lahore
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Genetic evidence supports which of the following explanations for the presence of 13 different
finch species on the Galapagos islands? Each of the 13 species was founded by an independent
migration of a different species from the mainland to the islands. Many years ago, more than 13
different species of birds migrated to the islands. The current 13 finch species are the only ones
that survived. It\'s not clear based on the DNA evidence whether the 13 species arose from a
single migration of one species or multiple migrations of several species from the mainland to
the islands. Many years ago, a small population of single finch species migrated to the islands
and evolved into the current 13 species.
Solution
Answer will be 4th option that is \"many year ago, a small population of single finch species
migrwted yo the islands snd evolver into current 13 species.
The evolution of finch was related to feeding strategies. The 13 diatinct species were
descendants of a common ancestor and each of their species eats different type of food. for
example, Cactus finch has a long beak that reaches into blossoms, the gtound finch has a short
beak adapted for eating seeds burried under the soil and tree finch has a parrot shaped beak
suited for stripping bark to find insects.
The beak size is clearly related to feeding strategies, it is also related to reproduction. Female
finch tends to mate with males that have the same beak size..
Complete the following table for InvestmentsFair value method(s).pdf
Complete the following table for Investments:
Fair value method(s)
Other Method
Investment in Bonds
2 methods:
Held to Maturity – Amortized Cost
Investments in Stocks
1 method:
Fair value method(s)
Other Method
Investment in Bonds
2 methods:
Held to Maturity – Amortized Cost
Investments in Stocks
1 method:
Solution.
Find the values of the trigonometric functions of from the informat.pdf
Find the values of the trigonometric functions of from the information given. sin() = 15 /17 , in
Quadrant IV cos() = tan() = csc() = sec() = cot() =
Solution
B = Base
P = Perpendicular
H = Hypotenuses
sin() = 15/17 = P/H, in Quadrant IV
B = sqrt[H^2 – P^2] = 8
cos() = B/H = 8/17
tan() = P/B = -15/8
csc() = 1/sin() = -17/15
sec() = 1/cos() = 17/8
cot() = 1/tan() = -8/15.
Evolution is driven by environmental that put selection pressure on o.pdf
Evolution is driven by environmental that put selection pressure on organisms. a. What
environments lead to the development of an \'open\' pan-genome? What conditions lead to a
\'closed\' pan-genome? b. Why do bacteria of a single species have genes that other members of
the same species do not?
Solution
Pan genome is the entire set of genes of all the strains of a species it includes genes present in all
the strains and the dreams present only in some strains. Pan genome can be defined as open or
closed based on the capability of the species to acquire exogenous DNA and to possess large
amount of rRNA. These species with open pangenome tend to have large genome and contain
open genes where there is high rate of genes transfer and several ribosomal Operon.
Some bacterial species may have unlimited large genes repertoire or open pangenome and other
species may have limited by maximum number of genes in their gene pool called closed
pangenome.
In open Pan genome species the number of genes of The species increases with the number of
additionally sequence d strrains species which live in multiple environment of different microbial
communities have chances for exchanging genetic material and hence continuously changed a set
of genes example E.coli.
In closed pangenome after some sequenced strains additional strains don\'t provide new genes to
the species this pangenome is typical for species that live in isolated niches with Limited access
to global microbial genen pool example bacillus anthracis.
B. For example different strains of the pathogen pseudomonas syringae have different host range
and their remarkably have different genomes due to differences in the virulence genes in their
genomes. The ecological niche determines the evolution of the gene content of an organism that
for the largest genomic differences observed among the strains of a species could be the outcome
of Differential evolution of those species in response to different ecological habitats..
e) As a practical matter, trade-offs of qualitative characteristics o.pdf
e) As a practical matter, trade-offs of qualitative characteristics occur in accounting because
Accounting standards are incomplete Accountants don\'t have enough time to properly
investigate all matters Managers can\'t be trusted Specific disclosures may not meet all users\'
needs f) Which of the following is a key difference between IFRS and ASPE? IFRS includes the
concept of conservatism IFRS includes four principle qualitative characteristics Timeliness is
considered an enhancing characteristic in IFRS O ASPE describes three different types of capital
maintenance g) Which of the following is not a measurement base recognized in the conceptual
framework? Historical cost O Present value Current cost Fair market value h) The standard
setters\' discussion of financial statement elements Requires transactions be reported in
accordance with their legal form Includes all items that should be reported on a financial
statement Eliminates the need for the accountant to apply professional judgment Includes broad
definitions of the general nature of each item i) Which of the following is not a motivation for
management manipulation of reported financial results? Conditions of contracts Academic
disagreement Performance-based compensation Market expectations j) Which of the following
criteria is not a requirement for recognition of an item in the financial statements? The item has a
cost or value that can be measured reliably The fair value of the item can be determined through
an active market O It is probable that future economic benefits from the item will flow to or from
the entity The item meets the definition of an element
Solution
1. Specific disclosures may not meet all users need.
2. IFRS includes the concept of conservatism
3. Present Value.
4. Requires transactions be reported according to legal form.
Determine whether the relation defines y as a function of x. Give the.pdf
The document discusses whether relations define y as a function of x and what the domains are. The first relation y = x + 1/11 is not a function, and has a domain of (-infinity, 11) U (11, infinity). The second relation 6x - 2y < -8 is not a function, with a domain of (-infinity, infinity).
Connor and his wife are guests at the hotel, having reserved a room .pdf
Connor and his wife are guests at the hotel, having reserved a room for three days. on the second
day and while connor was supposed to be attending a business meeting, he was arrested for sale
of illegal drugs. The police immediately went to hotel and received from the innkeeper
permission to search the room. During the search the police found illegal drugs and drug
paraphernalia. Can they be used against Connor at trial? Why or why not? Does the hotel have
any liability to Connor in this circumstance? Why or why not ?
Solution.
Define the role of the entrepreneur in the U.S. economy and describe.pdf
Define the role of the entrepreneur in the U.S. economy and describe the entrepreneurial profile.
Solution
Irrespective of economy, the entrepreneur plays an equally important role in all economies.
Entrepreneurs can come in different shapes and sizes. On one hand, we can have an entrepreneur
like Peter Thiel founder of Paypal and an early investor in Facebook and on other hand, we can
have thousands ( or millions ) of entrepreneur who are running mom and pop stores, fuel stations
and motels.
Entrepreneurs play following important role in any economy ( including US economy):
1. Job Creators: It is not the established businesses which plays a larger role in creating jobs. Its
the new business and the small and medium enterprises which generates the maximum jobs.
2. Brings efficiency to the system: A new venture by an entrepreneur is nimble, identifies new
but unmet needs or serve the existing needs more efficiently. The competition keeps everyone
nimbles, weeds out inefficient firms and brings overall larger value to the system.
3. Market disrupters: While new entrepreneurs go for new technology or for new businesses, new
job opportunities emerge. Who would have thought that positions like Data scientists, Viral
marketers, E commerce, Hyper retail would have existed two and half decades before.
Entrepreneurial Profile: As mentioned above , entrepreneurs can come in various shapes and
sizes. Its not necessary for an entrepreneur to be a white, male, caucasian and from Bay area.
Anyone who is the owner of a business is an entrepreneur. It is another matter that today
entrepreneurship is more identifed with IT, however, entrepreneurship can be in any field
ranging from tech to mining, retailing to space journeys. An entrepreneur is one who (1) is not
status quoist and is in constant search for new ways to make existing things better, efficient and
cost effective (2) who challenges exisiting norms and ways in which the world is seen (3) a risk
taker and someone who is willing to stick his neck out..
Consider a double-linked linked list implementation with the followin.pdf
Consider a double-linked linked list implementation with the following node: struct Node {int
data; Node *prev; Node *next;} Write a copyList method that is not a member of any class.
The method should take a head pointer and return another pointer. Do not modify the input.
Solution
struct Node {
Node *prev; // previous node
Node *next; // next node
int data; // stored value
};
#include
#include \"List.h\" // std: #include
using namespace std;
typedef DataList ; // std: typedef list Data;
int main() {
Data k;
// back stuff
k.push_back(5);
k.push_back(6);
cout << k.back() << endl;
k.pop_back();
// front stuff
k.push_front(4);
k.push_front(3);
cout << k.front() << endl;
k.pop_front();
// forward iterator
Data::iterator pos;
for (pos = k.begin(); pos != k.end(); ++pos)
cout << *pos << endl;
// output and delete list
while (!k.empty()) {
cout << k.front() << endl;
k.pop_front();
}
k.push_front(5);
k.push_front(6);
// remove and erase
k.remove(5);
pos = k.begin();
k.erase(pos);
k.push_front(5);
k.push_front(6);
// copy constructor
Data l = k;
// assignment operator
Data m;
m = k;
return 0;
}
// List.h
struct Node;
classIterator List;
class List {
public:
typedef ListIterator iterator;
// constructor
List();
// destructor
virtual ~List();
// copy constructor
List(const List& k);
// assignment operator
List& operator=(const List& k);
// insert value in front of list
void push_front(double data);
// insert value in back of list
void push_back(double data);
// delete value from front of list
void pop_front();
// delete value from back of list
void pop_back();
// return value on front of list
double front() const;
// return value on back of list
double back() const;
// delete value specified by iterator
void erase(const iterator& i);
// delete all nodes with specified value
void remove(double data);
// return true if list is empty
bool empty() const;
// return reference to first element in list
iterator begin() const;
// return reference to one past last element in list
iterator end() const;
private:
Node *head; // head of list
};
class ListIterator {
public:
// default constructor
ListIterator() {
i = 0;
}
// construct iterator for given pointer (used for begin/end)
ListIterator(Node *p) {
i = p;
}
// convert iterator to Node*
operator Node*() const {
return i;
}
// test two iterators for not equal
bool operator!=(const ListIterator& k) const {
return i != k.i;
}
// preincrement operator
ListIterator& operator++() {
i = i->next;
return *this;
}
// return value associated with iterator
double& operator*() const {
return i->data;
}
private:
Node *i; // current value of iterator
};
list.cpp
// delete list
static void deleteList(Node *head) {
Node *p = head->next;
while (p != head) {
Node *next = p->next;
delete p;
p = next;
}
delete head;
}
// copy list
static void copyList(const Node *from, Node *&to) {
// create dummy header
to = new Node;
to->next = to->prev = to;
// copy nodes
for (Node *p = from->next; p != from; p = p->next) {
Node *t = new Node;
t.
8. You may have heard that drinking soda or acid is bad for your teet.pdf
8. You may have heard that drinking soda or acid is bad for your teeth. The enamel on your
teeth consists of the mineral hydroxyapatite, Ca (PO(OH) a. Is hydroxyapatite an acid or base?
Hint: look at the ions in the chemical formula. b. Based on your answer to Sa, is acid good or bad
for your teeth? Give reasons c. How does flouride prevent cavities? Hint: Fluoride reacts with
hydroxyapatite in a double : 40 with acid.
Solution
Ans A. It is acidic since n sloution produces phosphate ion .
Ans B. No it is not good, since it increase the production of Lactic acid and bacteria lives ore.
Ans C.
It is called remineralization. When fluoride is present during remineralization, the minerals
fabriacted into the tooth enamel help strengthen teeth and prevent dissolution during the next
demineralization phase. In this way, fluoride helps stop the decay process and prevent tooth
decay.
alter ego theory. TRUE FALSE Multiple Choice her nephew Dru to manag.pdf
alter ego theory. TRUE FALSE Multiple Choice: her nephew Dru to manage her business,
Door\'s Doors. In addition based 21. Doreen hires to his salary, Doreen provides Dru with health
insurance, a 401K, and a bonus on a formula for sharing the profits. Dru is a. a partner because
he shares in the profits. b. not a partner because he does not share in the losses c. not a partner
because he is family and nepotism is against the law. d a partner because he is family and with a
good lawyer could convince a jury that Door\'s Doors is a family business. 22. Debra and
Lawrence have an equal partnership. This year, after expenses, the partnership had a profit of
$200,000. Debra and Lawrence will each pay taxes on: a. whatever they receive from the
partnership. b. $50,000. c. $100,000. d. None of the above. The partnership itself will pay the
taxes on the business\'s profit 3. Pualani and Quentin do business as partners in Rio Vista
Builders, a residen
Solution
21. Answer is option B
Partners are required to share profit and loss in partnership
22. Answer is option C
IRS does not consider partnerships to be separate from their owners for tax purposes; instead,
they are considered “pass-through” tax entities. So partnership income of 200,000 will be equally
distributed between both partners equally . Income of each partner will be 100,000..
2)Are enterprise information portals making executive information sy.pdf
2)Are enterprise information portals making executive information systems unnecessary?
Explain your reasoning.
Solution
ENTERPRISE INFORMATION PORTAL:
Enterprise Information Portal provides a personalized web interface for corporate intranets to
give their users easy of access to a variety of internal and external businness
applications,databases and information systems that are useful to individual perferences and
information needs...
EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS:
Executive information systems are informationsystems are orginally designed to support the
strategic information needs to top management. EIS are easy to use and enable executives to
retrive information tailored to their needs and preferences.It can provide information about a
companys critical success factors toexcetuives to support their planning and control
responsibilities..
Reasoning...
EIP are provided by the companies as a way to provide a web enabled information and descision
support to the stake holders.
EIS onthe other hand provies the descision to the strategic information that needs to the
mnagement.
The enriched features and benifits that give its credibility for swallowing the EIS..
the benifits of EIP are..
Universal Access to Enterprise Resources
Decreased cost of information
Unified dynamically maintained view of enterprise data and information
increased collobaration and effecivness.
thsese give the additional advantage over the EIS.. which even covers the features of EIS..
5. How the tax system changes the distribution of income among capita.pdf
5. How the tax system changes the distribution of income among capitalists, labourers, and
landlords in referred to as A. balanced-budget incidence. B. size distribution of income. C.
proportional distribution of income. D. functional distribution of income.
Solution
ANSWER:
The correct is option d because it is the definition of functional distribution of income..
Write Java FX code for this pseudocode of the void initilizaHistoryL.pdf
Write Java FX code for this pseudocode of the void initilizaHistoryList() function. (HistoryMenu
of a game)
initializeHistoryList() : void
Purpose: To show the history of all players who logged in or played as guests. It will deserialize
Player objects, get desired info from its History object and then serialize the Player object.
Called by the constructor.
Pseudocode:
Ask user to to select opponent player vs player, player vs computer,view history, or quit.
User clicks on \"View History\"
initizalizeHistoryList() is called and a list of the Player object values from the Player map is
loaded into a variable
The list of Player objects is returned
Solution
package players;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import java.awt.Font;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.JButton;
importjavax.swing.text.StyleContext.SmallAttributeSet;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
publicclassPlayerMain {
private JFrame frame;
private JTextField textField;
private JTextField textField_1;
private JTextField textField_2;
private JRadioButton rdbtnNewRadioButton;
private JRadioButton rdbtnComputer;
publicstatic Map pMap = new HashMap();
/**
* Launch the application.
*/
publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
publicvoid run() {
try {
PlayerMain window = new PlayerMain();
window.frame.setVisible(true);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
/**
* Create the application.
*/
publicPlayerMain() {
initialize();
}
/**
* Initialize the contents of the frame.
*/
privatevoid initialize() {
frame = new JFrame();
frame.setBounds(100, 100, 511, 363);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.getContentPane().setLayout(null);
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
panel.setBounds(0, 0, 495, 325);
frame.getContentPane().add(panel);
panel.setLayout(null);
JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel(\"Players History\");
lblNewLabel.setFont(new Font(\"Times New Roman\", Font.PLAIN, 24));
lblNewLabel.setBounds(182, 24, 155, 43);
panel.add(lblNewLabel);
JLabel lblPlayerName = new JLabel(\"Player Name :\");
lblPlayerName.setBounds(92, 99, 106, 14);
panel.add(lblPlayerName);
JLabel lblPlayerId = new JLabel(\"Player Id :\");
lblPlayerId.setBounds(92, 124, 106, 14);
panel.add(lblPlayerId);
JLabel lblPlayerAge = new JLabel(\"Player Age :\");
lblPlayerAge.setBounds(92, 149, 106, 14);
panel.add(lblPlayerAge);
rdbtnNewRadioButton = new JRadioButton(\"player\",true);
rdbtnNewRadioButton.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_0);
rdbtnNewRadioButton.setBounds(151, 196, 71, 23);
rdbtnComputer = new JRadioButton(\"computer\");
rdbtnNewRadioButton.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_1);
rdbtnComputer.setBounds(247, 196, 109, 23);
//Group the radio buttons.
ButtonG.
Your name Date Explanation of Program -Modifying the first .pdf
/* *Your name *Date * *Explanation of Program *-Modifying the first program * - print,printf,
escape values, arithmetic operators */ public class Welcome1 { //main method begins execution f
Java application public static void main (String [] args) { System.out.println(\"Welcome to Java
Programming\"); }//end method mai }//end class Welcome1 /* Output copied from
display/message windowo * ----jGRASP exec: java Welcome1 *Welcom to Java Programming *
*----jGRASP: operation complete. */ in JAVA
Please edit this program in Java using new commands
Solution
Using the following commands you can print the output in java:
System.out.write(\"Message Here\".getBytes());
System.out.format(\"%s\", \"Message Here\");
PrintStream ot = new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream(FileDescriptor.out));
ot.print(\"i love Java\");
System.err.print(\"Message Here\");.
Why is it that ozone is not desirable at the surface of earth, but i.pdf
Why is it that ozone is not desirable at the surface of earth, but is desirable in the stratosphere?
Solution
Ozone occurs naturally in the stratosphere and is produced and destroyed at a constant rate. But
this \"good\" ozone is gradually being destroyed by manmade chemicals called
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and other ozone depleting substances (used in coolants,
foaming agents, fire extinguishers, and solvents). These ozone depleting substances degrade
slowly and can remain intact for many years as they move through the troposphere until they
reach the stratosphere. There they are broken down by the intensity of the sun\'s ultraviolet rays
and release chlorine and bromine molecules, which destroy \"good\" ozone. One chlorine or
bromine molecule can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules, causing ozone to disappear much faster
than nature can replace it.
It can take years for ozone depleting chemicals to reach the stratosphere, and even though we
have reduced or eliminated the use of many CFCs, their impact from years past is just starting to
affect the ozone layer. Substances released into the air today will contribute to ozone destruction
well into the future.
Satellite observations indicate a world-wide thinning of the protective ozone layer. The most
noticeable losses occur over the North and South Poles because ozone depletion accelerates in
extremely cold weather conditions..
Write a program that moves the ball in a pane. You should define a p.pdf
Write a program that moves the ball in a pane. You should define a pane class for displaying the
ball and provide the methods for moving the ball left, right, up, and down. Check the boundary
to prevent the ball from moving out of sight completely. The language is Java.
Solution
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class Pane extends JFrame {
private JButton jbtLeft = new JButton(\"Left\");
private JButton jbtRight = new JButton(\"Right\");
private JButton jbtUp = new JButton(\"Up\");
private JButton jbtDown = new JButton(\"Down\");
private BallPanel ballPanel = new BallPanel();
public MovingABall () {
JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
buttonPanel.add(jbtLeft);
buttonPanel.add(jbtRight);
buttonPanel.add(jbtUp);
buttonPanel.add(jbtDown);
ballPanel.setBackground(Color.RED);
this.add(ballPanel);
this.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
jbtLeft.addActionListener(new ButtonListener());
jbtRight.addActionListener(new ButtonListener());
jbtUp.addActionListener(new ButtonListener());
jbtDown.addActionListener(new ButtonListener());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MovingABall mainWondow = new MovingABall();
mainWondow.setTitle(\"Moving a ball\");
mainWondow.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
mainWondow.setVisible(true);
}
class ButtonListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent buttonPressed) {
if (buttonPressed.getSource() == jbtLeft)
ballPanel.left();
else if (buttonPressed.getSource() == jbtRight)
ballPanel.right();
else if (buttonPressed.getSource() == jbtUp)
ballPanel.up();
else if (buttonPressed.getSource() == jbtDown)
ballPanel.down();
}
}
class BallPanel extends JPanel {
private int xCoord = -1;
private int yCoord = -1;
private Dimension preferredSize = new Dimension(300,200);
public void left() {
xCoord-=5;
repaint();
}
public void right() {
xCoord+=5;
repaint();
}
public void up() {
yCoord-=5;
repaint();
}
public void down() {
yCoord+=5;
repaint();
}
@Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return preferredSize;
}
protected void paintComponent(Graphics aBall) {
super.paintComponent(aBall);
if (xCoord<0 || yCoord<0) {
xCoord = getWidth()/2;
yCoord = getHeight()/2;
}
System.out.println(\"X\" + getWidth());
aBall.drawOval(xCoord, yCoord, 10, 10);
}
}
}.
Which ape has been known to make territory patrols and wage war o.pdf
Which ape has been known to make territory patrols and \"wage war\" on neighboring groups?
Orangutans Gorillas Chimpanzees Bonobos Which group was the first euprimates?
Omomyids and Adapids and plesiadaiforms Plesidapiforms and Omomyids Adapids
Solution
Ans 21 c chimpanzees
Not only human, chimpanzees also wage wars on their neighbouring groups and make territories.
The gombe chimpanzee war lasted 1974- 1978 . So it was the first time in 1974 when they were
seen attacking their fellow mates..
What are the limitations of an expert systemSolutionLIMITATIO.pdf
What are the limitations of an expert system?
Solution
LIMITATIONS:-
1. The concept of the Expert Systems mainly involves a very narrow range of the codified
domain.
2. The Expert Systems are not generally adopted at managing the highly
sophisticated sensory inputs
3. The Expert Systems mainly function in the domain of
the extracted, cognitive, logical thinking process.
4. The different types of the multi – dimensional problems that are faced by
the various users while performing the various activities, cannot be efficiently tackled by the
Expert Systems.
5. Some of the typical Expert Systems at times are not able to make available
common sense knowledge and the broad – ranging contextual information.
6. Very narrow range of the knowledge is incorporated in the Expert Systems.
7. The Expert Systems do – not respond well to the various situations out – side their range of
the expertise.
8. The Expert Systems remain what they are – the machine experts.
9. The human self – awareness is lacking in the Expert Systems.
10. The various Expert Systems lack the much needed self – analysis tools.
11. The Expert Systems are non – self referral systems.
12. In case of the Expert Systems, no introspection is possible.
13. Expert Systems have the ability of performing only with – in a specific,
logical – oriented realm of the expertise..
Using the scenario provided in the Milestone One Guidelines and Rubr.pdf
Using the scenario provided in the Milestone One Guidelines and Rubric document, prepare a
brief summary of the HCI (human–computer interface) and the IMD (information management
database) of the distribution company, using appropriate IT terminology. Submit this as a Word
document with supporting screenshots embedded in the document.
Solution
Human Computer interface (HCI):
Information Management Database:.
More from sales98 (20)
Genetic evidence supports which of the following explanations for the.pdf
Genetic evidence supports which of the following explanations for the.pdf
Complete the following table for InvestmentsFair value method(s).pdf
Complete the following table for InvestmentsFair value method(s).pdf
Find the values of the trigonometric functions of from the informat.pdf
Find the values of the trigonometric functions of from the informat.pdf
Evolution is driven by environmental that put selection pressure on o.pdf
Evolution is driven by environmental that put selection pressure on o.pdf
e) As a practical matter, trade-offs of qualitative characteristics o.pdf
e) As a practical matter, trade-offs of qualitative characteristics o.pdf
Determine whether the relation defines y as a function of x. Give the.pdf
Determine whether the relation defines y as a function of x. Give the.pdf
Connor and his wife are guests at the hotel, having reserved a room .pdf
Connor and his wife are guests at the hotel, having reserved a room .pdf
Define the role of the entrepreneur in the U.S. economy and describe.pdf
Define the role of the entrepreneur in the U.S. economy and describe.pdf
Consider a double-linked linked list implementation with the followin.pdf
Consider a double-linked linked list implementation with the followin.pdf
8. You may have heard that drinking soda or acid is bad for your teet.pdf
8. You may have heard that drinking soda or acid is bad for your teet.pdf
alter ego theory. TRUE FALSE Multiple Choice her nephew Dru to manag.pdf
alter ego theory. TRUE FALSE Multiple Choice her nephew Dru to manag.pdf
2)Are enterprise information portals making executive information sy.pdf
2)Are enterprise information portals making executive information sy.pdf
5. How the tax system changes the distribution of income among capita.pdf
5. How the tax system changes the distribution of income among capita.pdf
Write Java FX code for this pseudocode of the void initilizaHistoryL.pdf
Write Java FX code for this pseudocode of the void initilizaHistoryL.pdf
Your name Date Explanation of Program -Modifying the first .pdf
Your name Date Explanation of Program -Modifying the first .pdf
Why is it that ozone is not desirable at the surface of earth, but i.pdf
Why is it that ozone is not desirable at the surface of earth, but i.pdf
Write a program that moves the ball in a pane. You should define a p.pdf
Write a program that moves the ball in a pane. You should define a p.pdf
Which ape has been known to make territory patrols and wage war o.pdf
Which ape has been known to make territory patrols and wage war o.pdf
What are the limitations of an expert systemSolutionLIMITATIO.pdf
What are the limitations of an expert systemSolutionLIMITATIO.pdf
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Using the scenario provided in the Milestone One Guidelines and Rubr.pdf
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