The document provides a critique of a research article titled "The Use of Personal Digital Assistants at the Point of Care in an Undergraduate Nursing Program". The summary includes:
1) The author credentials are appropriate as the researchers have qualifications related to nursing education and research.
2) The study title clearly describes the topic of exploring the use of personal digital assistants among nursing students.
3) The abstract adequately summarizes the purpose, methods, findings, and conclusions of the study.
4) The introduction presents the problem statement and rationale for the study, but does not state the hypothesis in interrogatory format.
5) The literature review provides an overview but lacks detail and analysis of prior evidence
Stepby-step guide to critiquingresearch. Part 1 quantitati.docxsusanschei
Step'by-step guide to critiquing
research. Part 1: quantitative research
Michaei Coughian, Patricia Cronin, Frances Ryan
Abstract
When caring for patients it is essential that nurses are using the
current best practice. To determine what this is, nurses must be able
to read research critically. But for many qualified and student nurses
the terminology used in research can be difficult to understand
thus making critical reading even more daunting. It is imperative
in nursing that care has its foundations in sound research and it is
essential that all nurses have the ability to critically appraise research
to identify what is best practice. This article is a step-by step-approach
to critiquing quantitative research to help nurses demystify the
process and decode the terminology.
Key words: Quantitative research
methodologies
Review process • Research
]or many qualified nurses and nursing students
research is research, and it is often quite difficult
to grasp what others are referring to when they
discuss the limitations and or strengths within
a research study. Research texts and journals refer to
critiquing the literature, critical analysis, reviewing the
literature, evaluation and appraisal of the literature which
are in essence the same thing (Bassett and Bassett, 2003).
Terminology in research can be confusing for the novice
research reader where a term like 'random' refers to an
organized manner of selecting items or participants, and the
word 'significance' is applied to a degree of chance. Thus
the aim of this article is to take a step-by-step approach to
critiquing research in an attempt to help nurses demystify
the process and decode the terminology.
When caring for patients it is essential that nurses are
using the current best practice. To determine what this is
nurses must be able to read research. The adage 'All that
glitters is not gold' is also true in research. Not all research
is of the same quality or of a high standard and therefore
nurses should not simply take research at face value simply
because it has been published (Cullum and Droogan, 1999;
Rolit and Beck, 2006). Critiquing is a systematic method of
Michael Coughlan, Patricia Cronin and Frances Ryan are Lecturers,
School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Dubhn, Trinity
College, Dublin
Accepted for publication: March 2007
appraising the strengths and limitations of a piece of research
in order to determine its credibility and/or its applicability
to practice (Valente, 2003). Seeking only limitations in a
study is criticism and critiquing and criticism are not the
same (Burns and Grove, 1997). A critique is an impersonal
evaluation of the strengths and limitations of the research
being reviewed and should not be seen as a disparagement
of the researchers ability. Neither should it be regarded as
a jousting match between the researcher and the reviewer.
Burns and Grove (1999) call this an 'intellectual critique'
in that it is not the creator but the creati.
Measuring the impact of COViD 19 on Mental Health Essay.pdfbkbk37
This document provides instructions and guidelines for writing an 8-page paper analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. It directs the student to choose one of two provided research articles, critique it using the provided template, and incorporate references to the assigned textbook in the paper. It also provides formatting guidelines, stating the paper should be in APA style with at least 8 pages of content, excluding front matter such as the title page and references.
Bowie State University Measuring the impact of COViD 19 on.pdfbkbk37
This document is a request for an 8-page essay analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. The essay must be in APA format, cite multiple sources including a provided textbook, and use the "article critique assignment" document to organize the research article analysis. The student is asked to choose one of two provided research articles and follow guidelines for critiquing the various sections of the study.
1. The document discusses different types of research designs used in nursing research, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods designs. It provides guidance on evaluating different designs and their appropriateness for addressing specific research topics or questions.
2. Validity is important when evaluating research and includes statistical conclusion, internal, construct, and external validity. Threats to internal validity can weaken study results.
3. Qualitative research designs are best suited for questions about experiences, views, and reactions. Examples of designs mentioned are phenomenology, grounded theory, and ethnography. Ethical issues must also be considered in qualitative research.
This document provides instructions for writing an article critique based on two provided research articles about the impact of COVID-19. It outlines that the critique should be at least 8 pages long, in APA format, and should critically analyze the selected article based on the research process. It describes the key components and organization of a research article critique.
The document discusses research methodology for a study on improving 4th grade students' ability to solve math word problems. It proposes using action research with both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Quantitative data will be collected before and after an intervention to measure students' growth. Qualitative data, such as an anonymous survey, will gather students' responses about the benefits of methods taught. The research aims to effectively improve students' understanding of word problems and determine the perceived benefits of using a graphic organizer strategy.
HighFidelity Simulation in Nursing Education for EndofLife Care Essay.pdfsdfghj21
1) The study evaluated the effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation in teaching end-of-life care to undergraduate nursing students.
2) A quasi-experimental study with no control group was conducted on 42 students who completed the Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying assessment before and after a high-fidelity simulation experience.
3) Results found statistically significant improved attitudes on 11 of 30 items after the simulation, supporting the hypothesis that high-fidelity simulation can increase positive attitudes towards caring for dying patients.
This document provides a step-by-step guide for undertaking a literature review. It begins by defining different types of literature reviews, including traditional/narrative reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. It then outlines the typical steps in a literature review process, including selecting a topic, searching the literature, gathering/analyzing sources, and writing the review. Key steps include refining the topic, using appropriate search methods and databases, analyzing sources, and systematically reviewing the literature. The goal is to help students and novice researchers better understand the literature review process.
Stepby-step guide to critiquingresearch. Part 1 quantitati.docxsusanschei
Step'by-step guide to critiquing
research. Part 1: quantitative research
Michaei Coughian, Patricia Cronin, Frances Ryan
Abstract
When caring for patients it is essential that nurses are using the
current best practice. To determine what this is, nurses must be able
to read research critically. But for many qualified and student nurses
the terminology used in research can be difficult to understand
thus making critical reading even more daunting. It is imperative
in nursing that care has its foundations in sound research and it is
essential that all nurses have the ability to critically appraise research
to identify what is best practice. This article is a step-by step-approach
to critiquing quantitative research to help nurses demystify the
process and decode the terminology.
Key words: Quantitative research
methodologies
Review process • Research
]or many qualified nurses and nursing students
research is research, and it is often quite difficult
to grasp what others are referring to when they
discuss the limitations and or strengths within
a research study. Research texts and journals refer to
critiquing the literature, critical analysis, reviewing the
literature, evaluation and appraisal of the literature which
are in essence the same thing (Bassett and Bassett, 2003).
Terminology in research can be confusing for the novice
research reader where a term like 'random' refers to an
organized manner of selecting items or participants, and the
word 'significance' is applied to a degree of chance. Thus
the aim of this article is to take a step-by-step approach to
critiquing research in an attempt to help nurses demystify
the process and decode the terminology.
When caring for patients it is essential that nurses are
using the current best practice. To determine what this is
nurses must be able to read research. The adage 'All that
glitters is not gold' is also true in research. Not all research
is of the same quality or of a high standard and therefore
nurses should not simply take research at face value simply
because it has been published (Cullum and Droogan, 1999;
Rolit and Beck, 2006). Critiquing is a systematic method of
Michael Coughlan, Patricia Cronin and Frances Ryan are Lecturers,
School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Dubhn, Trinity
College, Dublin
Accepted for publication: March 2007
appraising the strengths and limitations of a piece of research
in order to determine its credibility and/or its applicability
to practice (Valente, 2003). Seeking only limitations in a
study is criticism and critiquing and criticism are not the
same (Burns and Grove, 1997). A critique is an impersonal
evaluation of the strengths and limitations of the research
being reviewed and should not be seen as a disparagement
of the researchers ability. Neither should it be regarded as
a jousting match between the researcher and the reviewer.
Burns and Grove (1999) call this an 'intellectual critique'
in that it is not the creator but the creati.
Measuring the impact of COViD 19 on Mental Health Essay.pdfbkbk37
This document provides instructions and guidelines for writing an 8-page paper analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. It directs the student to choose one of two provided research articles, critique it using the provided template, and incorporate references to the assigned textbook in the paper. It also provides formatting guidelines, stating the paper should be in APA style with at least 8 pages of content, excluding front matter such as the title page and references.
Bowie State University Measuring the impact of COViD 19 on.pdfbkbk37
This document is a request for an 8-page essay analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. The essay must be in APA format, cite multiple sources including a provided textbook, and use the "article critique assignment" document to organize the research article analysis. The student is asked to choose one of two provided research articles and follow guidelines for critiquing the various sections of the study.
1. The document discusses different types of research designs used in nursing research, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods designs. It provides guidance on evaluating different designs and their appropriateness for addressing specific research topics or questions.
2. Validity is important when evaluating research and includes statistical conclusion, internal, construct, and external validity. Threats to internal validity can weaken study results.
3. Qualitative research designs are best suited for questions about experiences, views, and reactions. Examples of designs mentioned are phenomenology, grounded theory, and ethnography. Ethical issues must also be considered in qualitative research.
This document provides instructions for writing an article critique based on two provided research articles about the impact of COVID-19. It outlines that the critique should be at least 8 pages long, in APA format, and should critically analyze the selected article based on the research process. It describes the key components and organization of a research article critique.
The document discusses research methodology for a study on improving 4th grade students' ability to solve math word problems. It proposes using action research with both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Quantitative data will be collected before and after an intervention to measure students' growth. Qualitative data, such as an anonymous survey, will gather students' responses about the benefits of methods taught. The research aims to effectively improve students' understanding of word problems and determine the perceived benefits of using a graphic organizer strategy.
HighFidelity Simulation in Nursing Education for EndofLife Care Essay.pdfsdfghj21
1) The study evaluated the effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation in teaching end-of-life care to undergraduate nursing students.
2) A quasi-experimental study with no control group was conducted on 42 students who completed the Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying assessment before and after a high-fidelity simulation experience.
3) Results found statistically significant improved attitudes on 11 of 30 items after the simulation, supporting the hypothesis that high-fidelity simulation can increase positive attitudes towards caring for dying patients.
This document provides a step-by-step guide for undertaking a literature review. It begins by defining different types of literature reviews, including traditional/narrative reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. It then outlines the typical steps in a literature review process, including selecting a topic, searching the literature, gathering/analyzing sources, and writing the review. Key steps include refining the topic, using appropriate search methods and databases, analyzing sources, and systematically reviewing the literature. The goal is to help students and novice researchers better understand the literature review process.
The document provides templates for critiquing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research studies. The quantitative template includes sections for evaluating the research problem, hypotheses, literature review, theoretical framework, population and sampling, measurement instruments, data collection and analysis, results, discussion, limitations, implications, and recommendations. The qualitative template contains similar sections tailored for qualitative research, and the mixed methods template combines both quantitative and qualitative elements. The templates are intended to help nurses critically evaluate research to inform their practice.
Critiquing research studies and articles is one of the method to improve the quality of research projects and it is also a method to learn research methodology for beginners.
This document outlines the key elements that should be included in a research proposal: an introduction providing background context, a definition of the research problem, descriptions of the components like literature review, hypotheses, methodology, and implications. A good research proposal gives an overview of the project and discusses the research design, data collection, and analysis in order to convince others that the proposed study is worthwhile and achievable.
A 15-step model for writing a research proposal.pdfSophia Diaz
This document provides a 15-step model for writing a research proposal. It begins by outlining the purpose of a research proposal and provides examples of key components to include such as an abstract, introduction with literature review, aim and research questions, methodology, and references. The bulk of the document then details each of the 15 steps in the model to developing a strong research proposal, including providing a title, personal details of researchers, abstract, keywords, introduction/literature review, aim and questions, methodology, setting and participants, data collection instruments, data analysis plan, ethics considerations, timetable, resources, and references. The 15-step model is intended to guide researchers, particularly midwives, in systematically planning and writing up their
This document provides guidance on how to conduct a critical appraisal or critique of a research report. It emphasizes that a critique requires careful examination of all aspects of a study, including its methodology, analysis, and conclusions. The critique should objectively assess both the strengths and limitations of the research. Key aspects that should be evaluated include the study's design, sampling approach, data collection and analysis methods, and whether ethical standards were upheld. The critique aims to advance scientific knowledge by helping to identify ways future studies could be improved.
(1) Critique Template for a Qualitative StudyNURS 6052Week.docxkatherncarlyle
(1): Critique Template for a Qualitative Study
NURS 6052
Week 6 Assignment: Application: Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies (due by Day 7 of Week 7)
Date:
Your name:
Article reference (in APA style):
URL:
What is a critique? Simply stated, a critique is a critical analysis undertaken for some purpose. Nurses critique research for three main reasons: to improve their practice, to broaden their understanding, and to provide a base for the conduct of a study.
When the purpose is to improve practice, nurses must give special consideration to questions such as these:
· Are the research findings appropriate to my practice setting and situation?
· What further research or pilot studies need to be done, if any, before incorporating findings into practice to assure both safety and effectiveness?
· How might a proposed change in practice trigger changes in other aspects of practice?
To help you synthesize your learning throughout this course and prepare you to utilize research in your practice, you will be critiquing a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods research study of your choice.
If the article is unavailable in a full-text version through the Walden University Library, you must e-mail the article as a PDF or Word attachment to your Instructor.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
1. Research Issue and Purpose
What is the research question or issue of the referenced study? What is its purpose? (Sometimes ONLY the purpose is stated clearly and the question must be inferred from the introductory discussion of the purpose.)
2. Researcher Pre-understandings
Does the article include a discussion of the researcher’s pre-understandings? What does the article disclose about the researcher’s professional and personal perspectives on the research problem?
3. Literature Review
What is the quality of the literature review? Is the literature review current, relevant? Is there evidence that the author critiqued the literature or merely reported it without critique? Is there an integrated summary of the current knowledge base regarding the research problem, or does the literature review contain opinion or anecdotal articles without any synthesis or summary of the whole? (Sometimes the literature review is incorporated into the introductory section without being explicitly identified.)
4. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Is a theoretical or conceptual framework identified? If so, what is it? Is it a nursing framework or one drawn from another discipline? (Sometimes there is no explicitly identified theoretical or conceptual framework; in addition, many “nursing” research studies draw on a “borrowed” framework, e.g., stress, medical pathology, etc.)
5. Participants
Who were the participants? Is the setting or study group adequately described? Is the setting appropriate for the research question? What type of sampling strategy was used? Was it appropriate? Was the sample size adequate? Did t ...
Research Critique Essay example
Advantages Of Quantitative Research
Essay on Characteristics of Research
Hypothesis and Research Question Essay example
A Research Study On Research
Methodology of Research Essay examples
Ethics in Research Essay
Mba
English 101 Research Paper
Ba 3129 Chapter 4
The Purpose Of Research Design Essay
Experimental Research Designs Essay
Importance And Purpose Of Research Essay
Research Problem
Essay on Types Of Research
Essay on Research methods exam
What I Have Learned About Research
A Qualitative Research Question Paper
This document provides guidance on writing a health research proposal. It discusses key components such as the problem statement, objectives, methodology, variables, study design, data collection procedures, and ethics. A well-written proposal clearly explains the research question and plan to answer it. The methodology section should provide operational definitions of variables and detail how the study will be conducted and data analyzed. Considering ethics is important when researching human subjects. Overall, a strong proposal demonstrates the value and feasibility of the proposed research.
The document discusses key elements to consider when critiquing research studies, including the research steps, writing style, authors' qualifications, report title, abstract, purpose of the study, logical consistency, literature review, theoretical framework, aims and objectives, research question, sample and size, ethical considerations, and operational definitions. It provides questions to evaluate how research steps were applied and possible limitations. Style, authors, title, and abstract should effectively introduce and summarize the study. The purpose, logical flow, literature review, framework, aims, and research question/hypothesis should be clearly presented and linked. The sample should be representative and size sufficient. Ethical principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice
This document discusses qualitative research methods for nursing studies. It defines qualitative research as a type of scientific inquiry that aims to understand human experiences and responses. The document notes that qualitative research is becoming more important for developing nursing knowledge and evidence-based practice. It compares qualitative and quantitative methods, noting that qualitative research is more flexible and focuses on understanding phenomena through naturalistic inquiry, while quantitative research seeks to confirm hypotheses and predict or control outcomes.
This document provides an overview of critiquing nursing research. It defines critiquing as the critical evaluation of research studies using specific criteria to make objective judgments. The purpose is to assess strengths and weaknesses. When critiquing, the researcher qualifications, problem statement, literature review, methodology, and findings should be evaluated. Guidelines are provided on how to systematically critique each component of a research study. The presentation emphasizes that critiquing improves research skills and the development of evidence-based practices.
Applying A Mixed Methods For Choosing Text And Data...Jennifer Reither
Here is a draft family therapy case paper:
IDENTIFYING INFORMATION
The referred clients are the Smith family consisting of John (age 45) and Sarah (age 43), the parents, and their daughter Allison (age 16).
REASON FOR REFERRAL
The Smith family was referred for family therapy by Allison's school counselor due to concerns about Allison's behavior changes over the past 6 months. Specifically, Allison has been spending more time with a new group of friends at school that her parents disapprove of due to rumors of drug and alcohol use. Allison's grades have also dropped significantly from her usual A's and B's to C's and D's. Additionally, Allison has been more
Starting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docxbryanwest16882
Starting the Research Process
Formulating a specific, applicable research problem statement is an important step in beginning a research process. The problem statement defines the focus of the research study, dictates what methods and tools will be used, and sets the stage for all subsequent elements of the research process. Because of this, it is necessary to put a great deal of thought into the problem statement to ensure that the rest of the research process will be well planned and appropriate to the problem at hand.
This week’s Discussion asks you to identify evidence-based practice problems that can be addressed using quantitative research methods. Based on the practice problem you select, formulate a quantitative research problem statement. In this Discussion, you are also given the opportunity to evaluate your colleagues’ problem statements. Please refer to this week’s Learning Resources for appropriate and scholarly examples of research problem statements and how they inform the rest of the research process.
To prepare:
Determine a nursing practice problem that is of interest to you and that is appropriate for a quantitative research study.
Note:
You will continue to use this problem in the Discussions over the next several weeks.
Using the Walden Library and other credible sources, locate and read two or three articles that address your practice problem.
(you must cite the articles read in this assignment)
With your practice problem in mind, review the Learning Resources and media presentations focusing on the strategies presented for generating a research problem statement.
Ask yourself: What is the importance of my practice problem to nursing, research, and theory? How might addressing this problem bring about positive social change? How will investigating this problem support evidence-based practice?
By Tomorrow 09/06/17, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of 3 references from the list below which include the level one headings as numbered below:
Post
1) A proposed research problem statement (it has to be related to nursing for example: could be on diabetes, heart failure or more …)
2) Including sufficient information to make your focus clear and explaining how addressing this problem may bring about positive social change.
Required Media
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Selecting a research topic and developing a hypothesis. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 13 minutes.
In this week’s video, Dr. Leiyu Shi discusses the characteristics of a good research hypothesis and details the steps in developing a hypothesis that can be tested through research.
Laureate Education. (2011). Important events in clinical research history. Retrieved from http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/CLRA/6100/01/mm/timel.
This presentation describes the importance of literature review, how to run literature search, and how to write it. Tools to manage references are also covered.
The research paper has developed over the past three centuries into a tool to communicate the results of scientific inquiry.
The ability to accurately describe ideas, protocols/procedures, and outcomes are the pillars of scientific writing.
Research methods for strategic managersBhavi Bhatia
Thanks to all my readers. It gives boost when I get calls from my readers and am always happy to revert back to my followers and readers. I am sorry if I am unable to reply to all the e-mails due to my busy schedule.
Contact me for any type of assignments help(nominal charges).
Thanks and Regards,
Er. Bhavi Bhatia
e-mail: bhavi.bhatia.411@gmail.com
Phone: +91-9779703714, +91-9814614666
This document provides guidelines for writing a research critique assignment. Students are instructed to choose a primary research study related to nursing or medicine and write a 4-6 page critique evaluating the validity, relevance, and implications of the study. The critique should include sections that describe the research problem and purpose, review the literature, identify the theoretical framework and variables, analyze the methodology and data analysis, summarize conclusions and implications, and determine if findings can be generalized. A properly formatted APA research critique with the full study attached is required for the assignment.
This summary critiques a research article by Kalischuk et al. (2013) that examined the views of 331 nursing preceptors in Canada. The study used a questionnaire to assess preceptors' views on benefits and factors related to their role. While the problem and purpose were clear, the abstract lacked structure and variables were not well-defined. The literature review summarized past studies but lacked critical analysis. The conceptual framework was implicit and relationships between variables unclear. The methodology had limitations like a small sample size but data analysis was appropriately conducted. The discussion interpreted findings and implications but did not sufficiently tie back to the framework or suggest future research.
This document provides guidance on writing a health research proposal. It discusses key components such as the problem statement, objectives, methodology, and ethics. The methodology section should define the study design, variables, participants and sampling. It emphasizes that proposals require clear objectives, detailed methodology, and consideration of ethics. Well-defined proposals are needed to obtain funding and regulatory approval, and to allow other researchers to replicate the study.
The document provides instructions for requesting and completing an assignment writing request on the HelpWriting.net platform. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with refund available for plagiarized work.
How To Write About The Theme Of A Book CovBryce Nelson
There are several ways for college students to be more environmentally friendly while living on their own for the first time. Key ways include recycling paper, plastic, aluminum, and electronics. Students can also save water by taking shorter showers and turning off appliances when not in use. Going green in small ways like these helps take care of the earth and can become good habits for life.
The document provides templates for critiquing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research studies. The quantitative template includes sections for evaluating the research problem, hypotheses, literature review, theoretical framework, population and sampling, measurement instruments, data collection and analysis, results, discussion, limitations, implications, and recommendations. The qualitative template contains similar sections tailored for qualitative research, and the mixed methods template combines both quantitative and qualitative elements. The templates are intended to help nurses critically evaluate research to inform their practice.
Critiquing research studies and articles is one of the method to improve the quality of research projects and it is also a method to learn research methodology for beginners.
This document outlines the key elements that should be included in a research proposal: an introduction providing background context, a definition of the research problem, descriptions of the components like literature review, hypotheses, methodology, and implications. A good research proposal gives an overview of the project and discusses the research design, data collection, and analysis in order to convince others that the proposed study is worthwhile and achievable.
A 15-step model for writing a research proposal.pdfSophia Diaz
This document provides a 15-step model for writing a research proposal. It begins by outlining the purpose of a research proposal and provides examples of key components to include such as an abstract, introduction with literature review, aim and research questions, methodology, and references. The bulk of the document then details each of the 15 steps in the model to developing a strong research proposal, including providing a title, personal details of researchers, abstract, keywords, introduction/literature review, aim and questions, methodology, setting and participants, data collection instruments, data analysis plan, ethics considerations, timetable, resources, and references. The 15-step model is intended to guide researchers, particularly midwives, in systematically planning and writing up their
This document provides guidance on how to conduct a critical appraisal or critique of a research report. It emphasizes that a critique requires careful examination of all aspects of a study, including its methodology, analysis, and conclusions. The critique should objectively assess both the strengths and limitations of the research. Key aspects that should be evaluated include the study's design, sampling approach, data collection and analysis methods, and whether ethical standards were upheld. The critique aims to advance scientific knowledge by helping to identify ways future studies could be improved.
(1) Critique Template for a Qualitative StudyNURS 6052Week.docxkatherncarlyle
(1): Critique Template for a Qualitative Study
NURS 6052
Week 6 Assignment: Application: Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies (due by Day 7 of Week 7)
Date:
Your name:
Article reference (in APA style):
URL:
What is a critique? Simply stated, a critique is a critical analysis undertaken for some purpose. Nurses critique research for three main reasons: to improve their practice, to broaden their understanding, and to provide a base for the conduct of a study.
When the purpose is to improve practice, nurses must give special consideration to questions such as these:
· Are the research findings appropriate to my practice setting and situation?
· What further research or pilot studies need to be done, if any, before incorporating findings into practice to assure both safety and effectiveness?
· How might a proposed change in practice trigger changes in other aspects of practice?
To help you synthesize your learning throughout this course and prepare you to utilize research in your practice, you will be critiquing a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods research study of your choice.
If the article is unavailable in a full-text version through the Walden University Library, you must e-mail the article as a PDF or Word attachment to your Instructor.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
1. Research Issue and Purpose
What is the research question or issue of the referenced study? What is its purpose? (Sometimes ONLY the purpose is stated clearly and the question must be inferred from the introductory discussion of the purpose.)
2. Researcher Pre-understandings
Does the article include a discussion of the researcher’s pre-understandings? What does the article disclose about the researcher’s professional and personal perspectives on the research problem?
3. Literature Review
What is the quality of the literature review? Is the literature review current, relevant? Is there evidence that the author critiqued the literature or merely reported it without critique? Is there an integrated summary of the current knowledge base regarding the research problem, or does the literature review contain opinion or anecdotal articles without any synthesis or summary of the whole? (Sometimes the literature review is incorporated into the introductory section without being explicitly identified.)
4. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Is a theoretical or conceptual framework identified? If so, what is it? Is it a nursing framework or one drawn from another discipline? (Sometimes there is no explicitly identified theoretical or conceptual framework; in addition, many “nursing” research studies draw on a “borrowed” framework, e.g., stress, medical pathology, etc.)
5. Participants
Who were the participants? Is the setting or study group adequately described? Is the setting appropriate for the research question? What type of sampling strategy was used? Was it appropriate? Was the sample size adequate? Did t ...
Research Critique Essay example
Advantages Of Quantitative Research
Essay on Characteristics of Research
Hypothesis and Research Question Essay example
A Research Study On Research
Methodology of Research Essay examples
Ethics in Research Essay
Mba
English 101 Research Paper
Ba 3129 Chapter 4
The Purpose Of Research Design Essay
Experimental Research Designs Essay
Importance And Purpose Of Research Essay
Research Problem
Essay on Types Of Research
Essay on Research methods exam
What I Have Learned About Research
A Qualitative Research Question Paper
This document provides guidance on writing a health research proposal. It discusses key components such as the problem statement, objectives, methodology, variables, study design, data collection procedures, and ethics. A well-written proposal clearly explains the research question and plan to answer it. The methodology section should provide operational definitions of variables and detail how the study will be conducted and data analyzed. Considering ethics is important when researching human subjects. Overall, a strong proposal demonstrates the value and feasibility of the proposed research.
The document discusses key elements to consider when critiquing research studies, including the research steps, writing style, authors' qualifications, report title, abstract, purpose of the study, logical consistency, literature review, theoretical framework, aims and objectives, research question, sample and size, ethical considerations, and operational definitions. It provides questions to evaluate how research steps were applied and possible limitations. Style, authors, title, and abstract should effectively introduce and summarize the study. The purpose, logical flow, literature review, framework, aims, and research question/hypothesis should be clearly presented and linked. The sample should be representative and size sufficient. Ethical principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice
This document discusses qualitative research methods for nursing studies. It defines qualitative research as a type of scientific inquiry that aims to understand human experiences and responses. The document notes that qualitative research is becoming more important for developing nursing knowledge and evidence-based practice. It compares qualitative and quantitative methods, noting that qualitative research is more flexible and focuses on understanding phenomena through naturalistic inquiry, while quantitative research seeks to confirm hypotheses and predict or control outcomes.
This document provides an overview of critiquing nursing research. It defines critiquing as the critical evaluation of research studies using specific criteria to make objective judgments. The purpose is to assess strengths and weaknesses. When critiquing, the researcher qualifications, problem statement, literature review, methodology, and findings should be evaluated. Guidelines are provided on how to systematically critique each component of a research study. The presentation emphasizes that critiquing improves research skills and the development of evidence-based practices.
Applying A Mixed Methods For Choosing Text And Data...Jennifer Reither
Here is a draft family therapy case paper:
IDENTIFYING INFORMATION
The referred clients are the Smith family consisting of John (age 45) and Sarah (age 43), the parents, and their daughter Allison (age 16).
REASON FOR REFERRAL
The Smith family was referred for family therapy by Allison's school counselor due to concerns about Allison's behavior changes over the past 6 months. Specifically, Allison has been spending more time with a new group of friends at school that her parents disapprove of due to rumors of drug and alcohol use. Allison's grades have also dropped significantly from her usual A's and B's to C's and D's. Additionally, Allison has been more
Starting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docxbryanwest16882
Starting the Research Process
Formulating a specific, applicable research problem statement is an important step in beginning a research process. The problem statement defines the focus of the research study, dictates what methods and tools will be used, and sets the stage for all subsequent elements of the research process. Because of this, it is necessary to put a great deal of thought into the problem statement to ensure that the rest of the research process will be well planned and appropriate to the problem at hand.
This week’s Discussion asks you to identify evidence-based practice problems that can be addressed using quantitative research methods. Based on the practice problem you select, formulate a quantitative research problem statement. In this Discussion, you are also given the opportunity to evaluate your colleagues’ problem statements. Please refer to this week’s Learning Resources for appropriate and scholarly examples of research problem statements and how they inform the rest of the research process.
To prepare:
Determine a nursing practice problem that is of interest to you and that is appropriate for a quantitative research study.
Note:
You will continue to use this problem in the Discussions over the next several weeks.
Using the Walden Library and other credible sources, locate and read two or three articles that address your practice problem.
(you must cite the articles read in this assignment)
With your practice problem in mind, review the Learning Resources and media presentations focusing on the strategies presented for generating a research problem statement.
Ask yourself: What is the importance of my practice problem to nursing, research, and theory? How might addressing this problem bring about positive social change? How will investigating this problem support evidence-based practice?
By Tomorrow 09/06/17, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of 3 references from the list below which include the level one headings as numbered below:
Post
1) A proposed research problem statement (it has to be related to nursing for example: could be on diabetes, heart failure or more …)
2) Including sufficient information to make your focus clear and explaining how addressing this problem may bring about positive social change.
Required Media
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Selecting a research topic and developing a hypothesis. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 13 minutes.
In this week’s video, Dr. Leiyu Shi discusses the characteristics of a good research hypothesis and details the steps in developing a hypothesis that can be tested through research.
Laureate Education. (2011). Important events in clinical research history. Retrieved from http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/CLRA/6100/01/mm/timel.
This presentation describes the importance of literature review, how to run literature search, and how to write it. Tools to manage references are also covered.
The research paper has developed over the past three centuries into a tool to communicate the results of scientific inquiry.
The ability to accurately describe ideas, protocols/procedures, and outcomes are the pillars of scientific writing.
Research methods for strategic managersBhavi Bhatia
Thanks to all my readers. It gives boost when I get calls from my readers and am always happy to revert back to my followers and readers. I am sorry if I am unable to reply to all the e-mails due to my busy schedule.
Contact me for any type of assignments help(nominal charges).
Thanks and Regards,
Er. Bhavi Bhatia
e-mail: bhavi.bhatia.411@gmail.com
Phone: +91-9779703714, +91-9814614666
This document provides guidelines for writing a research critique assignment. Students are instructed to choose a primary research study related to nursing or medicine and write a 4-6 page critique evaluating the validity, relevance, and implications of the study. The critique should include sections that describe the research problem and purpose, review the literature, identify the theoretical framework and variables, analyze the methodology and data analysis, summarize conclusions and implications, and determine if findings can be generalized. A properly formatted APA research critique with the full study attached is required for the assignment.
This summary critiques a research article by Kalischuk et al. (2013) that examined the views of 331 nursing preceptors in Canada. The study used a questionnaire to assess preceptors' views on benefits and factors related to their role. While the problem and purpose were clear, the abstract lacked structure and variables were not well-defined. The literature review summarized past studies but lacked critical analysis. The conceptual framework was implicit and relationships between variables unclear. The methodology had limitations like a small sample size but data analysis was appropriately conducted. The discussion interpreted findings and implications but did not sufficiently tie back to the framework or suggest future research.
This document provides guidance on writing a health research proposal. It discusses key components such as the problem statement, objectives, methodology, and ethics. The methodology section should define the study design, variables, participants and sampling. It emphasizes that proposals require clear objectives, detailed methodology, and consideration of ethics. Well-defined proposals are needed to obtain funding and regulatory approval, and to allow other researchers to replicate the study.
The document provides instructions for requesting and completing an assignment writing request on the HelpWriting.net platform. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with refund available for plagiarized work.
How To Write About The Theme Of A Book CovBryce Nelson
There are several ways for college students to be more environmentally friendly while living on their own for the first time. Key ways include recycling paper, plastic, aluminum, and electronics. Students can also save water by taking shorter showers and turning off appliances when not in use. Going green in small ways like these helps take care of the earth and can become good habits for life.
Personal Experience Essay Sample. Personal ExperienBryce Nelson
1. The document provides instructions for how to properly swaddle an infant.
2. It describes laying the baby in the center of a blanket folded in a triangle shape and wrapping the corners securely but gently around the baby.
3. Ensuring the baby is comfortable and that the blanket does not touch its face are emphasized.
Christmas Letter Border Template Collection - LetteBryce Nelson
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting assignment requests on the HelpWriting.net website. Users can complete an order form with their instructions, sources, and deadline. Writers will then bid on the request, and the user can select a writer based on qualifications and reviews. The user receives the completed paper and can request revisions until satisfied. HelpWriting guarantees original, high-quality work and refunds are offered if plagiarism is found.
Help With Writing Dissertation Numbers - Wnshistory.Web.Bryce Nelson
The San Diego Trolley Dances event featured various dance performances throughout San Diego, including in downtown and Balboa Park. Three pieces from the event embodied the African aesthetic of "cool" through contrasting bodily movements and facial expressions with potential dangers, physical strain, or unexpected collisions. One piece by Stephan Koplowitz titled "Play(as)" took place in a black fountain area and featured 10 dancers in black and purple crossing the reflecting pool without music in controlled movements.
Jungle Rainforest Border Writing Paper Primary ReBryce Nelson
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarism. The process aims to match clients with qualified writers to meet their needs.
How To Write A Good Scholarship Essay MymithrBryce Nelson
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Receive the paper and authorize payment if pleased. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarized work.
Reflective Essay Example Which Will Help You Write YoBryce Nelson
The document provides instructions for requesting an assignment writing service from HelpWriting.net in 5 steps:
1. Create an account with a password and email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline, and attaching a sample work.
3. Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications, history, and feedback, then pay a deposit.
4. Review the completed paper and authorize full payment if pleased, or request revisions using the free revision policy.
5. Know that original, high-quality content will be provided, with a full refund option for plagiarized work.
Sample Us College Essays - New Sample OBryce Nelson
The document discusses how home design styles changed significantly during the 19th century, shifting away from early century styles in the middle of the century before referring back to earlier styles by the end of the century, with these changes in popular taste influenced not just by the passage of time but other contextual factors as well. It introduces the topic of how 19th century home design evolved in both form and influences over the course of the century.
024 Rubrics In Essay Writing Example Analytical Rubric Analysis ...Bryce Nelson
The document discusses gender roles in the 18th century as depicted in the short story "Fantomina" by Eliza Haywood. Gender norms were very strict during this time period. The story follows a woman, Fantomina, who disguises herself as different women to gain the attention of a man she is interested in. Through her disguises and deceptions, Fantomina challenges the typical gender expectations of the time. The document suggests Fantomina's actions provide insight into gender roles and norms in 18th century society.
Key Ways Of Writing A Psychology Paper.Bryce Nelson
This document discusses managing managers in Japanese companies operating in the US. It explores the differences between Japanese and American management styles. The authors conducted interviews with managers in Japanese subsidiaries in the US. They found that both Japanese and American managers were aware of managing with different approaches. The Japanese managers emphasized teamwork and consensus building, while American managers focused more on individualism and direct decision making. Integrating the two styles presented challenges but also opportunities to blend practices.
Pay For Someone To Write Your Essay - BoathelpS DiaryBryce Nelson
The document analyzes cruelty in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, arguing that the novel explores how external factors like exclusion, isolation, and abuse can turn normally pure people to evil, as seen through Frankenstein and the monster. It suggests humans are not inherently bad or good, but rather our behaviors and prejudices are learned from our environment and experiences. Shelley's work examines the notion that cruelty stems from external influences rather than innate qualities.
Printable Paper - Space - Tim Van De VallBryce Nelson
The novel Perfume by Patrick Suskind uses vivid imagery. The story follows Grenouille, an 18th century French man with an extraordinary sense of smell but no scent of his own. He dreams of becoming a perfume maker and creating the most powerful fragrance. Suskind employs descriptive language to portray Grenouille's olfactory experiences and pursuit of the perfect scent. Overall, the novel effectively engages readers through Suskind's imaginative use of sensory details and imagery.
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Education Essay TelegraphBryce Nelson
The document provides instructions for how to request an assignment be written by the website HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied. It emphasizes original, high-quality work and refunds for plagiarism.
The document discusses various tips for writing effective college admission essays, including emphasizing authenticity and crafting an authentic personal story. It also discusses the importance of standing out from other applicants and showcasing one's unique personality and experiences. Additionally, it provides guidance on writing objective description essays, self-portrait essays, and using examples from college admission essay samples to help structure one's own essay.
The document discusses various types of essays such as informative essays, literary essays, five-paragraph essays, and "who am I" essays. It provides tips for writing essays and describes how essay checkers and writing tools can help students improve their writing skills. Specific topics covered include what makes a good title for a loyalty essay, how long a typical 500-word essay is, and the benefits of using an essay checker.
The document discusses various types of essays such as admission, informative, literary, and "who am I" essays. It provides tips for writing standout college admission essays, including showcasing authentic experiences and skills to impress admissions officers. The five-paragraph essay structure is also examined as a common assignment for high school and college students.
The document provides information on various types of essays, including literary essays, informative essays, and the common five-paragraph essay structure. It discusses essay length, such as a 500-word essay averaging two double-spaced pages. It also provides tips for writing strong essays and defines what a "who am I" essay is for introducing oneself. Finally, it suggests potential title ideas for an essay about loyalty.
This document discusses various types of essays, including "who am I" essays, informative essays, literary essays, and the five-paragraph essay format. It provides definitions and descriptions of these essay types and discusses how to write effective college admission essays. Tips are given on standing out in the competitive process of applying to colleges and universities.
The document discusses various types of essays such as informative essays, "who am I" essays, literary essays, and persuasive essays. It provides tips for writing standout college admission essays, including being authentic and showcasing personality and experiences. Several paragraphs discuss elements that make written work exceptional, such as crafting compelling essays for the college admissions process.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
2. 2
Table of Content
Introduction 3
Author credential 4
Abstract: 5
Article Introduction: 5
The Literature review 7
Hypothesis and variable 10
Ethical Consideration 10
Methodology 11
Study Finding 15
Article Conclusion and Recommendation 17
Conclusion 17
References 18
3. 3
Introduction
Research is a systematic collection of data and information analysis. There are rules to
conducting research related to ethics which include protection of participants rights and also
guide line to be followed for systematic data analysis and data collection(Ruth, 2011). Every
piece of research, whether naturalistic, experimental, survey, or historical ought to meet these
requirements to be taken into consideration(Morgan, Gliner and Harmon, 1999).
The essence of successful critique of a research study paper the reader want to search for
the merit and demerits for the techniques used in the study. A balance appraisal also calls for a
degree of logic and objectivity in identifying the systematic cause of inquiry which underpins the
research. The remaining intention of any critique under taken via nurses is to consider the
applicability to practice (parahoo, 1997). Through the research critique which assess the study’s
strengths and limitations. Critiques always bring for a conclusion with the reviewer’s summary,
value of evidence, recommendations, and some suggestions for improving the study(Denise,
Polit and Cheryl 2013).
This essay mainly focus of critique a research article titled, The Use of Personal Digital
Assistants at the Point of Care in an Undergraduate Nursing Program. By Sandra Goldsworthy,
Nancy lawrence, william goodman. According to critique frame work whole the parts of this
article included in this critique such as; author, title, abstract, literature review, ethical issue,
methodology, hypothesis, data collection, data analysis, discussion and conclusion.
4. 4
Critical Appraisal
Critiquing a research it is a mechanism for provide a feedback for improvement and also
contribute nurses knowledge on critically reviewing a study(polit and beck, 2006).This paper is
going to critique the article of “The Use of Personal Digital Assistants at the Point of Care in an
Undergraduate Nursing Program”.
Author Credential
Credibility of variables which mainly point out on how this study is believable and also
it focus on the qualifications of the researcher, moreover ability to present the study
accurately(Coughlan, Cronin, & Ryan, 20 07).and also janet(2013) states author has the
appropriate clinical and educational credential for the research study or the team members have
been recruited based on related knowledge and skill. To increase the trust of research study the
following to be considered such are; does the author mention the qualifications or position
indicate a degree of knowledge in the particular field of study?(Coughlan et al., 2007).
in this research study authors mentioned their belonging qualifications as; 1. Sandra
Goldsworthy, RN, BSCN, CNCC (C), MSC, 2. Nancy Lawrence, RN, BScN, Med, 3. William
Goodman, PhD . therefore the qualification of the researcher much more suit for conducting this
research study.
Study Title
Title which provide a valuable information about the study, therefore the title of the
study should reflect a clear and accurate description about the study and also it should provide
appropriate perception for the over view of the paper. A study title should be clear and short. The
5. 5
word count is appropriate to be between10 and 15 long. If the Title is too long or too short it may
guide to misleading and confusion (parahoo, 2006). In this study the title is clear and it provide
overview perception of this study and also through this title readers can understand what the
author intend to describe through this study, the tile mentioned as “The Use of personal digital
assistants at the point of care in an undergraduate nursing program”
Abstract
The abstract is a summarized description of a research article which always place at the
beginning of an article. The content of the abstract include the followings ; research questions,
the method used for address the question, the findings, implications used for nursing practice,
and the reader can review an abstract to judge whether to read the full report(Denise et al.,
2013). The abstract that should be included the study purpose, method, sample size and selection,
the main finding with conclusion and recommendation (parahoo, 2006). In the abstract of this
study the author briefly mentioned overall view about the study and reader able to understand a
whole concept of the study. In this abstract authors included the purpose of the study, method,
findings, conclusion and recommendation.
Introduction
The introduction should be highlighted the research problem of the study (Coughlan et
al., 2007). Through the introduction author provide essential background information related to
subject matter of interest of the research. And also at the end of the introduction author should
include a statement on research hypothesis who aim to test and prediction on possible outcome
of the study (yeong &may, 2014). The introduction should be written in a simple
6. 6
language, in present tense and which should include purpose, rationale for conducting study with
background, current state of what is known, and should clearly highlight the gap of present study
target to fulfill. Introduction contains three specific themes(Shah, 2015).
The first is pointing out general over view of the topic, which include past literature with
key word where the sentence should be focused directly on the topic for expressing clear
objective for the study(Shah, 2015). The second is State the purpose of the study with rationale
of why being carried out. Rationale should include already known background information of
the problem, current state, and then narrow down from what is unsolved to the gap of present
study is going to bridge. Third is the final para which is conclusion para. So, introduction should
conclude with a obvious purpose and objective which help to readers to focus on evolution,
important and critical aspects of the study(Shah, 2015).
In this research paper authors provided general over view of the study. Authors
mentioned the problem statement as “examine the relationships between the use of personal
digital assistants and self-efficacy and the preparation for medication administration among
second-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing students in a medical-surgical clinical environment”.
and they concluded the introduction as, “encouraging applications of the technology to a more
formal level of evaluation” (Goldsworthy, Lawrence, & Goodman, 2006).
The authors begin discussing the purpose, the needs on clinical judgment and vital
thinking competencies for student nurses and the want them in an effort to quick retrieve and the
process information to make the safest patient care choices and further explained the important
need of student nurses in a clinical environment consisting of drug, books, calculators, and
notes, etc. And they claim the student with support of PDA (Goldsworthy et al., 2006).
7. 7
When reading overall introduction it has been written in a simple English and terms were
introduced, on the body of introduction rationale. In this article the study purpose simply stated
and the problem statement which meets the criteria and clearly stated but it is not written in
interrogatory format, it has been written in declarative format.
The Literature Review
Literature review includes variety of sources, which is arranged in a chronological order
or by subject matter. The review should be mixed of previous studies related to research
question, some may support to the author’s point of view and some are not(Janet, 2010). The
purpose of the literature review is to develop a research question and identifying appropriate
methodology for data collection. And also it should help to identify the gap and how this gap was
filled( Burns and Grove, 1997).The literature review is to be selected from the recent origin, it is
ideal less than five years, but in some occasions there may be exception if lack of researches
have been done in a particular topic. Another important thing to be considered is the type and
source of literature presented(Coughlan et al., 2007).
The literature review is provide an over view idea for the research study such as; key
author, prevailing theories and hypothesis, what questioned being asked and, methodologies. In
the literature review empirical primary source is more favorable than the secondary source. A
good literature review begins with an introduction which identifies key words, related
information. the content of the review should consist strength, limitation of the study and also the
review should be compared and contrast with the finding of any other studies(Coughlan et al.,
2007).
8. 8
According to researchers, the literature review in this study is lack of amount study
available especially on under graduate nursing student. Although the review not much more
describe the evidence in detail about data and variables in this study. The evidence in this study
favor in use of personal digital assistant but not much consider to nursing student. In overall this
review is hard to apply as due to lack of pervious research and analysis also suggesting this
article tries to develop a new theory and it is a kind of applied research that can be used to
change the practice and it would be a solution for the issue of students who face challenge on the
clinical units for decision making.
Researchers highlighted importance finding and outcomes in the literature review. As the
literature review introduced step by step it produce a logical argument and all are appears related
to topics. And moreover researcher collected the reviews from and researcher comprehensively
stated literature review from 2002 to 2006. As the literature review categorized and logically
introduced to aim to research question.
The theoretical framework is a guide for a study.in a sound framework where, can
identifies conceptual relationship. Therefore a research study can be built on the theory basis
through the empirical observation (Coughlan et al., 2007). Framework is the conceptual basis of
a study, even though every study is not based on a theory or conceptual model but every research
studies have a framework (Denise et al., 2013).
Framework
The conceptual frame work is a kind of structure to explain the natural progression of the
phenomenon of a study which, linked with concepts, important theories and empirical research
for promoting and organizing researcher’s knowledge related to the study(Adom, Hussein, &
9. 9
Joe, 2018). The conceptual frame work describes the relationship between the main concept of a
study. and this frame work mainly researcher use when existing theories are not sufficient to
create a structure for the study(Adom et al., 2018)
In this research article Conceptual framework is clearly describe the relationship of the
concept in this study, the concept between use of personal digital assistant(PDA) and self-
efficacy among nurses(Goldsworthy, Lawrence, & Goodman, 2006). In this article literature
found about self-efficacy related to nursing. And their frame work theory basis in Bandura’s
socio cognitive theory. Author further explain about self-efficacy as “belief in one’s capabilities
to organize and excuse the source of action required to manage prospective
situation”(Goldsworthy et al., 2006).
When analyzing the study the frame work ;it is clearly identified because authors
discussed the relationship between PDA use and self-efficacy in the abstract therefore easy to
identify the framework. Author discusses in the literature about self- efficacy related to nursing
with the reference of Bandura’s socio cognitive theory but they did not mention his theory in
text.
The relationship among the concept clearly presented as “individual with higher self-
efficacy will persist when encountering obstacle and will feel that they can achieve success in a
situation” and further they mentioned “studying PDA use in student nurses will provide evidence
on whether this technology will enhance one’s self esteem or not”(Goldsworthy et al., 2006).
Overall literature review of this study is fairly strong while the theoretical framework is not
clear, and obviously can find this article based on Banduras socio cognitive theory following
through reading of references and all other criteria of frame work are met.
10. 10
Hypothesis and Variable
Hypothesis contains the relationship among the variable, which predict the expected
outcome of the study and state the relationship that the researcher expect to observe in the study.
A hypothesis will predict the relationship of concept. Most of the quantitative studies are
designed to test the hypothesis through statistical analysis(Denise et al., 2013)
Depend on the variable; hypothesis can be categorized as simple and complex hypothesis.
A research hypothesis predict the existing relationship between the variable and null hypothesis
predict no relationship between the variable, moreover there are directional, non-directional
types which mean, if the researcher predict the relationship which is exist that is called non
directional and if the researcher predict the types of relationship that is directional(Denise et al.,
2013).
The hypothesis found in this article at the end of the literature review which mentions as;
“studying PDA use in student nurses will provide evidence on whether this technology will
enhance one’s self esteem or not”(Goldsworthy et al., 2006). This relate to the problem
statement. The problem statement state as; does the use of PDA by second year bachelor of
science in nursing student in medical- surgical environment enhance the student self-efficacy?.
Research questions is lacking define the hypothesis therefore due to incomplete hypothesis all
part of the problems are not fully tested.
Ethical Consideration
There are four fundamental ethical principles in the studies ethics as : autonomy, non-
maleficence, beneficence and justice. Autonomy infers that an man or woman has the proper to
freely decide to participate in a research study, Non-maleficence an purpose of not harming and
11. 11
preventing harm occurring to members, Beneficence is interpreted as the research reaping
rewards the participant and society as a whole, Justice is concerned with all individuals being
dealt with as equals and no one institution of individuals receiving preferential
treatment(Coughlan et al., 2007). Ethical committees or institutional review boards should give
approval before studies can be undertaken (Burns and Grove, 1999).
In this article authors stating as; “ethics approval was received from the University ethics
board, students were recruited from the class of eligible students” (Goldsworthy et al., 2006)..
And more authors mentioning confidentiality and protection maintained, patients were not
identified by names, password protected and the equity for learning opportunity of all students
addressed(Goldsworthy et al., 2006). Therefore in overall the ethical part of this study is clearly
explained but authors not discussed about informed consent.
Methodology
Research Design
Research design is a strategy that researcher use to answer their question and test
hypothesis. and it specify the method and procedure for collecting and analyzing the information,
this mainly stresses a systematic methodology in collecting information and further it is a blue
print for data collection, measuring and analyzing(Akhtar & Islamia, 2016).
In this study authors mention that they used a control experimental method. And the
sample they used only 36 students as two group with PDA and two group without PDA as a
control. And two professors were assigned as in charges one for PDA group and the other for
without PDA group(Goldsworthy et al., 2006). Self-efficacy instrument issued to all group
before the study then the posttest 8 weeks after the study. As this study is control experimental
12. 12
design authors state sample joint as randomly. This design is possible and appropriate for
answering the research question whether the use of PDA by nursing student will enhance self-
efficacy. In overall the research design of this article is able to identify easily and it draw the
researcher to cause and effect relationship.
Sample and Sampling Method
Sample and sampling methods are very essence in a research study. When selecting a
sample for a study, researcher should identify about target population and the criteria for
selecting participant and also there should need evidence for how sample selected, how many
were invited to participate(Coughlan et al., 2007).
In this article Goldsworthy et al., (2006)state; “The sample is 36 second-year
baccalaureate nursing students in south eastern Ohio in a medical/surgical clinical unit. They
were divided randomly into groups consisting of 2 control groups and 2 PDA groups”. And
further in this article they mentioned for the both group equal opportunities were given on same
resources(Goldsworthy et al., 2006). Therefore in this study sample was clearly identified but
the population not directly stated and target population is large but nonspecific.
Meanwhile accessible population is second year nursing student group but not described
about the characteristic, gender and age of the sample in this study. And they did not make any
specific discussion on how the samples were formed?, but just they states as sample was random
selection(Goldsworthy et al., 2006). And further they stated in the study both pre and posttest
completed student’s sample was 12, this result is make a complex and not match with studies
original sample.
13. 13
At the end, in this study the sampling method and sample size are clear but not in details.
As the lacking of sample it much not better to represent as best representation of the population.
And due to drop of sample bias not discussed.
Data Collection Method
In the quantitative study there are numbers of strategy available in collecting data such as
interviews, questionnaire, attitude scale or observational tools. Questionnaire is most common
tool, for data collection. And questionnaire can be administered in face to face interviews
also(Coughlan et al., 2007).
In this study data was collected by using pre-test and post-test. And the instruments used
which consisted of 10 items. in this article authors stated as; “ the general self-efficacy scale
aims at a broad and stable sense of personal competence to deal efficiently with a variety of
stressful situation”(Goldsworthy et al., 2006). Even though data collection method was
mentioned as questionnaire but detail and the type of questions are not mentioned. Use of
questionnaire may be appropriate for this study, because as measuring self-efficacy of student’s
before and after and which is a human response to an experiment.
In this study authors not mentioned about types of instrument used for this study and
according to study statement only one type of method was used for collecting data but my
suggestion is that, it may be beneficial if use observation as other measures. Even though in
overall the method was appropriate for this study but article not provide sufficient detail on types
of questions.
14. 14
Instruments
Instrument designing play a vital role on linking research question and to achieve
research goal therefore it should be demonstrated by the researcher(Coughlan et al., 2007). The
instrument and measurement should be described and reliability and validity of instrument to be
addressed in an study(Bauce, 2018). Sufficient information related to variable should be included
in the date collection instrument to verify the effect of non-response bias on the result. In
randomize control trial design it is more possible to collect enough information on related
variables(WHO, 2001)
In this study authors have used a pre and post general self-efficacy instrument. When
reefing the study where able to identify authors used two instruments, the first is the instrument
which consist 10 items to measure general self-efficacy. The coefficients of this tool ranged from
.75 to .90. the second instruments is a safety tool which developed by authors for medication
administration(Goldsworthy et al., 2006).
The level of instrument can be found as ratio level of measurement because zero point
can be found. The zero point means that there is no difference in the score on pre and posttest
meanwhile the level of, measurement suitable for measuring variables. In this article data
collection was described but poor on description about the tool. And also in this article there
couldn’t find any details about whether the instruments tested for reliability and validity and
authors states in the article that, safety tool for medication administration developed by
themselves but there is not enough information whether the instrument previously used or not.
Even though this article was intended as a pilot study for how formal testing might be conducted
in the educational context. In overall as this article not sufficiently providing information on
15. 15
validity and reliability of the instrument, it seems weak in the section of measurement and data
collection.
Data Analysis
In quantitative study Data analysis is seen as daunting process. The researcher wants to
identify about statistical test to be undertaken, and why this test to be used and how to interpret
the result. There is a rule of thumb that descriptive statistic for descriptive study, and inferential
statistic for correlational, quasi experimental, and experimental studies(Coughlan et al., 2007).
In this article there were conducted two tests such as pre and posttest, and they were
involved 36 baccalaureates nursing second year student. The coefficients ranged from .75 to .90.
Further authors state that paired t test was used for students result (Goldsworthy et al., 2006).
The result of the test displayed in both text and table. Very poor descriptions of statistic on
pretest study result. And there couldn’t find description of the statistic finding (the statistic
calculated value, degree of freedom, level of significant that was obtained from the result)
Study Finding
The finding discussion should be logical from data and related to literature review. And
the hypothesis also should be supported to findings. Furthermore overall strength and weakness
of the study to be considered, and whether the finding was generalizable or not also included.
Further researchers make an assessment on design, sampling, and analysis of the study to support
the finding. In addition the researcher suggests a message for future research in the particular
area. Finally, the researcher want to explore the clinical significant of the study for applying the
findings in practice(Coughlan et al., 2007).
16. 16
In this research the mean pretest score on PDA group was 32.539, the mean of control
group was32.500 and the result shown in the table( table2- self efficacy pretest, table 3- self-
efficacy posttest) score of self-efficacy increased from 32.539(pretest) to 36.308(posttest). In
accordance with paired sample t test the increase was significant(p<.001). but the score on non
PDA student increased by 0.667[from 32.500(pre) to 33.167(post)] and in accordance with t test
it was not significant(p=0.166) (Goldsworthy et al., 2006).
Following this statistical data authors stated that with the evidence of the PDA students
experience these quantitative finding are consistent. And in the finding students reported PDA is
helpful in its capacities as a drug book, lab book, PDQ/medical surgical taps provider and class
note recorder (Goldsworthy et al., 2006). At the second objective of this study authors stated
that pilot experiment was not able to obtain clear result. In this study they decided to monitor
drug administrative error among the student to compare the performance of PDA and non PDA
group students. Finally concluded in their study as stating “The authors believe it has been
demonstrated that the potential advantages of PDAs in nursing education can be subject to
formal, case-control experimentation, to move beyond simply anecdotal and descriptive claims
of potential benefit”( Goldsworthy et al., 2006).
In this article authors did not compare their finding with the finding of other articles
which they discussed in the literature review. And when authors addressing about limitations
they discussed related to medication administration research question but did not mention any
limitation on self-efficacy measurement. At finally they discussed about result on both statistical
and clinical significant. In overall the result section well discussed and written more over authors
included majority of recommended information except the limitation and comparison with
literature review finding.
17. 17
Conclusion and Recommendation
In this study authors stating conclusion and recommendation as “The Use of Personal
Digital Assistants at the Point of Care in an Undergraduate Nursing Program” and further they
suggest that more studies to be conducted on to explore the use of PDA in other clinical setting.
The conclusion of this study also an increase in undergraduate’s self-efficacy while using
PDA(Goldsworthy et al., 2006). In this article researcher meet the objective and included detail
conclusion with more recommendation for further research. Therefore it provide for readers
enough details about the study and open the way for conducting more research in future related
to PDA use in many other areas.
Conclusion
The research critique process involves thorough examination on each step of the article.
Critique is not a criticism but it’s an approach of highlighting both positive and negative with
evidence. As nursing is a growing profession with evidence based practice it is essential that the
care is to be sound in research. Therefore whole nurses need to develop their skill on critically
appraise research in order to find out best practice (Coughlan et al., 2007).
In this critical appraisal I have determined strength and weakness of this research article
and several areas where needed improvements in this critique process. Mainly The research
design of the study was poorly explained, otherwise in and overall other parts are written well to
strength the study.
I Herewith annex original article which I select for critical appraisal
18. 18
References
Adom, D., Hussein, E. K., & Joe, A.--agyem. (2018). Theoretical and conceptual
framework:mandatory ingredients theoretical and conceptual framework : mandatory
ingredients Engineering Dickson Adom * Emad Kamil Hussein. Internationa Journal of Science
Research, (January).
Akhtar, I., & Islamia, J. M. (2016). Research Design. Jeournal of Social Scienc, (September).
Bauce, K. (2018). Nursing research critiques a model for excellence (3rd ed.; K. A. R. E. N. B.
A. U. C. E & J. O. Y. C. E. J. . F. I. T. Z. P. R. I. C. K, eds.). Springer Publishing Company,
LLC.
Burns N, Grove S (1997) The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, Critique and Utilization.
3rd edn.WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia
Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., & Ryan, F. (2007). Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 1:
quantitative research. British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing), 16(11), 658–663.
https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2007.16.11.23681
Denise, F. Polit and Cheryl, Tatano, B. (2013). Essentials of Nursing Research Seventh Edition
Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice. In Journal of Chemical Information and
Modeling (Vol. 53). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Janet houser (2013). Nursing research: Reading ,using and creating evidence.2nd edu. Willium
Broth Miller. USA
Goldsworthy, S., Lawrence, N., & Goodman, W. (2006). The use of personal digital assistants at
the point of care in an undergraduate nursing program. CIN - Computers Informatics
19. 19
Nursing, 24(3), 138–143. https://doi.org/10.1097/00024665-200605000-00009
Morgan, G. A., Gliner, J. A., & Harmon, R. J. (1999). Definition, purposes, and dimensions of
research. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(2),
217–219. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199902000-00023
Parahoo K (2006) Nursing Research: Principles, Process and Issties. 2nd edn. Palgrave
Macmillan. Houndmills Basingstok
Ruth.M. Tappen. (2011). A research advanced nursing research: from theory to practice
Shah, J. N. (2015). How to write ‘introduction’ in scientific journal article. Journal of Patan
Academy of Health Sciences, 2(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v2i1.20331
WHO. (2001). H ealth research methodology: A Guide for Training in Research Methods. (2nd
editio).
Yeong, Foong May (2014). How to read and critique a scientific research article: Notes to Guide
Students Reading Primary Literature . World scientific publishing. National University of
Singapore, Singapore