The document discusses pain, including defining pain, explaining the physiology of pain, types of pain, and managing pain. It defines pain as an unpleasant sensation caused by tissue damage. The physiology of pain involves nociceptors detecting damage and transmitting signals to the spinal cord and brain. Pain types include acute, chronic, and neuropathic. Managing pain requires thorough assessment and treatments like analgesics, relaxation, and diversional therapy.
In this presentation I have tried to explain in brief about pain management, different types of pain, its diagnostic criteria, its physiology, and its treatment approaches both pharmacological and non pharmacological
definition of pain - classification - categories and different clinical types of pain - assessment of pain and how to manage using pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain's widely used definition defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage"
In this presentation I have tried to explain in brief about pain management, different types of pain, its diagnostic criteria, its physiology, and its treatment approaches both pharmacological and non pharmacological
definition of pain - classification - categories and different clinical types of pain - assessment of pain and how to manage using pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain's widely used definition defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage"
my presentation provide how can we approach patient with chronic pain, when we suspect psychiatric cause for chronic pain any how we explain chronic psychogenic pain and how we manage.
Comprehensive description of pain pathways which covers related definitions, benefits, theories, classification and mechanism of pain with factors that affect pain and diagnosis of pain. Also covers assessment and management of pain along with brief description of ascending and descending pain pathways.
ARTHRITIS, is one of the common surgical problems experienced by almost 90% of the old aged. This covers the outline for nursing sciences, student nurses, clinical officers and all other medical personnel’s.
This covers PID a female infection, typically for nurses, clinical officers and nurse assistants.
It will help prepare nurses in inter grated reproductive health and gynaecology.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. At the end of the lecture/discussion students should be
able to acquire Knowledge and understanding of pain.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
3. At the end of the lecture/discussion students should be able to;
• Define pain.
• Explain the simple physiology of pain.
• State the causes of pain.
• State the types of pain.
• Explain the management of pain.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
4. • Pain occurs in all clinical settings, among different groups of patients
thus, the nurse has a central role in pain assessment and
management. To perform this role, the nurse should have a thorough
understanding of the physiological and psychosocial dimensions of
pain.
INTRODUCTION
5. Pain is a sensation where a person experiences
discomfort, distress or suffering due to overstimulation
of sensory nerves.
Definition of pain
6. • “Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or
described in terms of such damage
Or
9. The peripheral nerves (transmition
stage)/perception of stimuli stage/receiving stage
• Pain basically results from a series of exchanges among three major
components of the nervous system: The peripheral nerves
(transmition stage)
• The peripheral nerves extend from the spinal cord to the skin,
muscles and internal organs. At the end we have different types of
nerve fibers with different functions and among them we have the
nociceptors
10. The peripheral nerves (transmition stage)
cont…
• These are receptors that detect actual or potential tissue
damage. We have millions of nociceptors in our skin, bones,
joints and muscles and in the protective membrane around
our internal organs.
• But their greatest concentration is in areas prone to injury,
such as our fingers and toes.
• When nociceptors detect a harmful stimulus they relay their
pain messages in the form of electrical impulses along a
peripheral nerve to the spinal cord and brain. Sensations of
severe pain are transmitted almost instantaneously
11. The spinal cord (transduction stage)
• The nerve fibres that transmit pain messages enter
the spinal cord in an area called the dorsal horn.
• There, they release chemicals (neurotransmitters) that
activate other nerve cells in the spinal cord, which
process the information and then transmit it up to the
brain.
12. The brain (interpretation stage)
• When messages of pain travel up the spinal cord, it arrives at the
thalamus — a sorting and switching station located deep inside the
brain.
• The thalamus quickly forwards the message simultaneously to
three specialized regions of the brain: the physical sensation region
(somatosensory cortex),
• the emotional feeling region (limbic system) and
• the thinking/memory/emotions region (frontal cortex or cingulate
system)
13. Descending control system
•The brain responds to pain by sending messages
that moderate the pain in the spinal cord the
descending control system.
•This system is active through out to inhibit pain
by producing endorphins.
14. Factors that influence pain perception
• Dimensions of feeling pain
1. Pain threshold
2. Pain tolerance
3. Reaction to pain
15. Factors
• Emotional and psychological state
• Memories of past pain experiences
• Upbringing
• Attitude
• Expectations
Beliefs and values
• Age
• Sex and Social and cultural influences
17. Acute pain
• Pain of short duration, usually less than 6 months
• It usually protective and has an identifiable cause
• It has limited tissue damage
• Physical manifestations include-increased heart rate,
respiratory rate, blood pressure, and anxiety .
Types of pain
18. Chronic Pain
• May start as acute pain but last longer beyond the normal time of recovery
usually more than 6 months
• Cause may not be known
• Physical manifestations include flat affect, reduced physical
movement/activity, fatigue and withdraw from others and social
interactions.
19. Idiopathic Pain
Chronic pain in the absence of an identifiable physical or
emotional cause.
Referred Pain
• Form of visceral pain which is felt in an area distant from the
from the site of stimulus
20. Psychogenic Pain
• Pain not caused by nociception but by psychological factors.
• Patient will usually report pain that does not match the
underlying disorder
• Its diagnosed after ruling out all the other causes of pain.
21. • Nociceptive :Pain caused by inflammed or damaged
tissue.
• Neuropathic :caused by damage to or malfunction of
the Nervous system
22. BENEFITS OF PAIN SENSATION
• 1. Pain gives warning signal about the existence of a
problem or threat. It also creates awareness of injury.
• 2. Pain prevents further damage by causing reflex
withdrawal of the body from the source of injury
• 3. Pain forces the person to rest or to minimize the
activities thus enabling rapid healing of injured part
• 4. Pain urges the person to take required treatment to
prevent major damage.
23. • Pain is subjective, no two persons experience pain in the same
way and no two painful events create identical responses or
feelings in a person.
• In order to be able to manage pain there is need to conduct a
pain assessment. Accurate pain assessment is an essential
element in effective pain management
MANAGEMENT OF PAIN
24. • Pain assessment mainly involves direct interview and
observation of the patient.
• The use of pain scales and physical examination completes the
assessment.
• Before assessment remember that the pt may use other words
other than pain to denote pain e.g. aching.
25. During assessment, consider the following characteristics of
pain.
Pattern of pain.
• Ask the patient about the onset of pain-for acute pain the
patient may know exactly while for chronic pain the patient may
not precisely identify the time of onset.
• Knowledge of onset can guide in identifying possible cause and
treatment strategies.
26. Location of Pain
• The area or location of pain assists in identifying the possible
cause and treatment too. Some individuals may specify the
precise location while others may simply say it’s hurting all over
.
27. Quality of pain
• Quality refers to the nature of pain e.g. neuropathic pain may be
described as burning, shooting or stabbing while nociceptive
pain may be described as sharp. Throbbing and cramping.
28. Associated symptoms
• Associated symptoms such as anxiety, fatigue or depression
may exacerbate or may be exacerbated by pain. Ask for
activities that improve or worsen the pain e.g. in
musculoskeletal pain movement and ambulation may worsen
pain while resting and immobilization of the affected part may
decrease the pain.
29. Intensity of Pain
• Assessing the severity and intensity of pain helps in identifying
the treatment strategies.
• Pain scales can be used to help the patient communicate the
intensity of pain.
Such scales include:
• Numerical pain intensity scales. On a scale of 0-10, patient
rates his pain. 0 stands for no pain, 5 moderate pain and 10
Worst possible pain.
30. • Descriptive pain intensity Scale-describes pain in terms
of no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, severe pain, Very
severe pain and worst possible pain.
31. • A widely used method of providing effective care is the nursing care
plan. With the use of a care plan the nurse is able to diagnose the
problem, plan for expected outcomes, implement interventions, state
reasons for the interventions, and evaluate the outcome.
NURSING CARE OF A PATIENT IN PAIN.
32. • Acute pain – Related to tissue injury from an incision site.
• Activity intolerance—Related to unrelieved pain.
• Ineffective coping—Related to lack of knowledge of possible methods
of coping.
Nursing Diagnosis.
33. • Outcomes and goals should be determined. A realistic outcome
should be established to control or maintain the client at desired
levels of pain and functioning.
Desired outcomes are that:
• Report acceptable pain levels.
• Perform daily activities without limitation related to pain.
• Increased patient comfort
Outcomes.
34. • Rest and relaxation
• To promote rest and relaxation ensure that there is no noise in the
environment.
• Plan your work in a way that procedures are carried out at almost the
same time.
• Alley anxiety
• Explain procedures to the patient. Encourage the patient to verbalize
their pain and fears. Reassure the patient that everything possible is
being done to minimize or provide relief .
NURSING MEASURES TO RELIEVE PAIN.
35. • Position
• Change of position may provide relief ( this depends on the cause of
pain) for the patient by reducing the pressure on the site.
• Diversional Therapy
• Can be done by providing books, news paper to read, music or
television. This will help in keeping the patients mind off the pain.
•
36. Local application
• A Warm or Cold compress can be applied. But care must be taken as
to not add further injury.
Analgesia
• Give the prescribed analgesics and document on the patient
treatment chart.
37. In today’s lecture we have discussed pain. The definition, and causes
of pain. We have also been able to look at the simple physiology of
pain, types of pain and the management of a patient in pain.
SUMMARY
38. We have come to the end of our lecture. Thank you for your attention
and participation.
CONCLUSION
39. • Anne W and Allison G (2010),Ross and Wilsom, Anatomy and Physiology
in health and Illness,11th edition, Edinburgh, London.
• Black,Hawks, (2005) Medical Surgical Nursing, Clinical Management for
positive outcomes, 18th Edition,Saunders, Elsevier inc. pages 276-301.
• Elaine N. Marieb (1989), Human anatomy Physiology,3rd edition, redwood
city, California.
•
• 4. Potter and Perry (2009),Fundamentals of Nursing 6th edition, st Louis
University School of Nursing,st Louis, Missouri.
•
REFERENCES