1. If Martin Luther travelled through time to 1795 what would shock him and what would remain familiar? [You can consider more than religion] · Luther was a figure of the Protestant Reformation, he rejected practices of the Roman Catholic Church. He strongly disputed the Church’s use of indulgences, the buying of freedom from God’s punishment with money · Martin Luther tried to change the church by appealing to local officials (change from within via chain of command) · Refused to renounce his writings at the Diet of Worms and was excommunicated by the Pope and outlawed by the King · Might have been surprised by newfound popularity of Protestantism (e.g. Huguenots in France) · Witchcraze · He argued to take on a more restricted way of behavior · The Catholic believed that witches had a pact with the devil. Luther also believed that only Jesus Christ will lead to salvation. -> intolerance of other religions and other belief. · He wasn’t around for the Enlightenment, so new Age of Reason and ways of thinking would have been foreign and strange to him · Wider access to the printed word; ideas spread farther and faster · More secular ideas; Kant speaks against letting the church think for you (Martin Luther might approve of this because he wants no separation between man and God) · Would have entered a time of the beginning of nation-states and centralized power · Idea of citizenship (as opposed to peasanthood) · King actually matters (as opposed to local noble being the person in power) · Luther believed that people should worship Jesus Christ and that will lead to salvation. But, Absolutism came into play -> monarch and the powerful authority rather than the pope or priest. Monarchy was not restricted by a constitution. · French Revolution · Religion - getting more secular, catholicism has fallen · Civil constitution of the clergy · Beyond religion what would have surprised him? · Gender: Luther set the standard for clerical marriage within Protestantism, he married a former nun and she embodied the role of a clerical wife. Luther believed women should stay at home and look after the household. He would be surprised at the new role of women as the leaders of “civilizing”, but this was still a job in the home and courts so he would approve. · One national system: Martin Luther would have preferred a more centralized power where the ruling power actually matters. · Equality before the law: Martin Luther likes the idea of citizenship. Where people actually have a say instead of being peasants. 2. How important was the written or printed word to the Reformation, the new science, the Enlightenment, and the French Revolution? What does this say about who was involved in discussions? [Explore 3 events] Example of printed word → what made it important → what it says about who’s involved in discussion -> what is the impact? · Reformation · Luther’s 95 theses · Basically started the Reformation, was a criticism of the church’s use of indulgences ...

1. 1. If Martin Luther travelled through time to 1795 what would
shock him and what would remain familiar? [You can consider
more than religion]
· Luther was a figure of the Protestant Reformation, he rejected
practices of the Roman Catholic Church. He strongly disputed
the Church’s use of indulgences, the buying of freedom from
God’s punishment with money
· Martin Luther tried to change the church by appealing to local
officials (change from within via chain of command)
· Refused to renounce his writings at the Diet of Worms and
was excommunicated by the Pope and outlawed by the King
· Might have been surprised by newfound popularity of
Protestantism (e.g. Huguenots in France)
· Witchcraze
· He argued to take on a more restricted way of behavior
· The Catholic believed that witches had a pact with the devil.
Luther also believed that only Jesus Christ will lead to
salvation. -> intolerance of other religions and other belief.
· He wasn’t around for the Enlightenment, so new Age of
Reason and ways of thinking would have been foreign and
strange to him
· Wider access to the printed word; ideas spread farther and
faster
· More secular ideas; Kant speaks against letting the church
think for you (Martin Luther might approve of this because he
wants no separation between man and God)
· Would have entered a time of the beginning of nation-states
and centralized power
· Idea of citizenship (as opposed to peasanthood)
· King actually matters (as opposed to local noble being the
person in power)
· Luther believed that people should worship Jesus Christ and
that will lead to salvation. But, Absolutism came into play ->
monarch and the powerful authority rather than the pope or

2. priest. Monarchy was not restricted by a constitution.
· French Revolution
· Religion - getting more secular, catholicism has fallen
· Civil constitution of the clergy
· Beyond religion what would have surprised him?
· Gender: Luther set the standard for clerical marriage within
Protestantism, he married a former nun and she embodied the
role of a clerical wife. Luther believed women should stay at
home and look after the household. He would be surprised at the
new role of women as the leaders of “civilizing”, but this was
still a job in the home and courts so he would approve.
· One national system: Martin Luther would have preferred a
more centralized power where the ruling power actually matters.
· Equality before the law: Martin Luther likes the idea of
citizenship. Where people actually have a say instead of being
peasants.
2. How important was the written or printed word to the
Reformation, the new science, the Enlightenment, and the
French Revolution? What does this say about who was involved
in discussions? [Explore 3 events]
Example of printed word → what made it important → what it
says about who’s involved in discussion -> what is the impact?
· Reformation
· Luther’s 95 theses
· Basically started the Reformation, was a criticism of the
church’s use of indulgences
· Had a powerful patron (Frederick the Wise) which may be why
he didn’t get executed right away, and the people who were
reading these were elites, so he kind of had elite protection
· Impact on Calvinism and Zwingli

3. · People trusted gospel / scripture over clergy (expounded by
private interpretation)
· Produced in the vernacular of the people (Of the total lifetime
printings of Luther, estimated to be around 3183, 2645 were
written in German and only 538 in Latin)
· The New Science (Scientific Revolution)
· Bacon, Descartes, Copernicus, Isaac Newton
· French Revolution
· Forbidden Books
· The Year 2440
1. In a utopia, religion was present privately, but not publicly
. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2. Emerged from the ideals of the Enlightenment (individualism,
separation of powers, etc)
2.
· The Enlightenment
. Written/Printed word important for the spread of knowledge
. Voltaire’s Treatise on Tolerance, 1763
2. calls for tolerance between religions, and targets religious
fanaticism
. John Locke’s Two Treatise on Government
3. Direct response to Robert Filmer’s Patriarcha
3. Challenges absolute authority (criticism of Filmer & natural
rights)
2. Right for both parties to abolish the marriage if it isn’t
working
3. Rejects a King’s Divine Right to Rule
3.
· The People Involved
. Note the education level of the people who wrote these papers
and their influence in society