The document provides an overview of the functional anatomy of the gastrointestinal system. It describes the gastrointestinal tract as a continuous tube running from the mouth to anus. The tract includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anal canal and anus. Accessory organs that secrete substances into the tract include the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The document then provides more details on the structure and function of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and accessory organs.

1. FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF
THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
DR PHIRI S.B
(Medical Physiologist)
GIT LECTURE 1

2. Introduction
• The gastrointestinal tract is a continuous tube that
stretches from the mouth to the anus
• It includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large intestine, anal canal and
anus).
• It also includes accessory organs (salivary glands,
liver, gallbladder, and pancreas) that are not part of
the tract but secrete substances into it via
connecting ducts.
• The adult gastrointestinal tract is a tube
approximately 9 meters long, running through the
body from mouth to anus
• The lumen of the tract is continuous with the
external environment, which means that its
contents are technically outside the body.

3. Oral cavity

4. Salivary glands

5. LAYERS OF THE GIT

6. OESOPHAGUS
• The oesophagus is a muscular tube connecting the throat
(pharynx) with the stomach.
• It is about 8 inches long, and is lined by moist pink tissue called
mucosa.
• It runs behind the windpipe (trachea) and heart, and in front of
the spine.
• Just before entering the stomach, it passes through the diaphragm
• The lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) is a bundle of muscles at
the low end of the oesophagus, where it meets the stomach.
• When the LES is closed, it prevents acid and stomach contents
from traveling backwards from the stomach.

7. STOMACH

8. SMALL INTESTINE

9. LARGE INTESTINES

10. LIVER

11. PANCREASE

12. Thanks for your attention
The End
Dr. S B Phiri