The document discusses expert systems, including:
- Expert systems simulate human experts to solve problems in specific domains using knowledge bases and inference engines.
- Early expert systems like MYCIN and DENDRAL addressed medical diagnosis and data analysis problems.
- The key components of expert systems are the knowledge base containing rules and facts, the inference engine that applies rules to solve problems, and the user interface.
- Expert systems have advantages over human experts like constant availability and consistency, but lack commonsense knowledge.
- Common application areas include medical diagnosis, design, prediction, interpretation, and control.
In computer domain the professionals were limited in number but the numbers of institutions looking for
computer professionals were high. The aim of this study is developing self learning expert system which is
providing troubleshooting information about problems occurred in the computer system for the information
and communication technology technicians and computer users to solve problems effectively and efficiently
to utilize computer and computer related resources. Domain knowledge was acquired using semistructured
interview technique, observation and document analysis. Domain experts were purposively
selected for the interview question. The conceptual model of the expert system was designed by using a
decision tree structure which is easy to understand and interpret the causes involved in computer
troubleshooting. Based on the conceptual model, the expert system was developed by using ‘if – then’ rules.
The developed system used backward chaining to infer the rules and provide appropriate
recommendations. According to the system evaluators 83.6% of the users were satisfied with the prototype.
Expert Systems In Artificial Intelligence With Characteristics Components And...SlideTeam
Expert Systems in Artificial Intelligence with Characteristics Components and Applications is for the mid level managers giving information about what is an expert system, example of expert system, characteristics, and component. You can also know the difference between human expert vs expert system to understand the expert system in a better way for business growth. https://bit.ly/2UVw1g0
It gives an individual a general Idea about Expert System and the wide variety of it's Applications.We discuss the scope of Expert System in upcoming Future in various Domains and various Challenges.Some examples are also given of a few Expert Systems.
these are mainly the IT questions mainly asked by IT companies or organization when. employing workers its a review of how people can answer and what they should be prepared for in such a situation.
Knowledge or Rule based Expert systems systems are widely used in engineering applications and in problem-solving. Rapid development today has brought with it environmental problems that cause loss or destruction of natural resources. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been acknowledged as a powerful planning and decisionmaking tool to assess new development projects. It requires qualified personnel with special expertise and responsibility in their domain. Rule-based EIA systems incorporate expert’s knowledge and act as a device-giving system. The system has an advantage over human experts and can significantly reduce the complexity of a planning task like EIA.
A PROPOSED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING THE PARTNERSHIP IN BANKSjares jares
Expert systems are no longer just a technology, but they have entered many fields of decision-making from these medical fields, for example, as they help in diagnosing the disease and giving treatment, and also in the field of administration, where they give the manager a rational decision to solve a problem and other fields, DSS is an interactive information system that provides information, models, and data processing tools to assist decision-making. Islamic banks such as commercial banks offer products and services to customers, but these banks face many problems and the most important ones are the problems financing where Islamic banks seek to participate in money rather than lending and interest the participatory financing system is one of the most important sources of financing within Islamic banks This system is based on the agreement between the Bank and the customer to participate in a new project or project already in place in the proportions that agree to by the bank and the client but this funding takes a long time and many actions so the researcher has built an expert system to reduce the time it takes to award Funding and also to reduce procedures as the expert systems have the ability to help the human element in making decisions. This paper presents expert systems in Islamic banks in the system of co-financing in order to save time and effort and maximize profit.
A PROPOSED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING THE PARTNERSHIP IN BANKSJaresJournal
Expert systems are no longer just a technology, but they have entered many fields of decision-making from
these medical fields, for example, as they help in diagnosing the disease and giving treatment, and also in
the field of administration, where they give the manager a rational decision to solve a problem and other
fields, DSS is an interactive information system that provides information, models, and data processing
tools to assist decision-making. Islamic banks such as commercial banks offer products and services to
customers, but these banks face many problems and the most important ones are the problems financing
where Islamic banks seek to participate in money rather than lending and interest the participatory
financing system is one of the most important sources of financing within Islamic banks This system is
based on the agreement between the Bank and the customer to participate in a new project or project
already in place in the proportions that agree to by the bank and the client but this funding takes a long
time and many actions so the researcher has built an expert system to reduce the time it takes to award
Funding and also to reduce procedures as the expert systems have the ability to help the human element in
making decisions. This paper presents expert systems in Islamic banks in the system of co-financing in
order to save time and effort and maximize profit.
Introduction to Expert Systems {Artificial Intelligence}FellowBuddy.com
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
In computer domain the professionals were limited in number but the numbers of institutions looking for
computer professionals were high. The aim of this study is developing self learning expert system which is
providing troubleshooting information about problems occurred in the computer system for the information
and communication technology technicians and computer users to solve problems effectively and efficiently
to utilize computer and computer related resources. Domain knowledge was acquired using semistructured
interview technique, observation and document analysis. Domain experts were purposively
selected for the interview question. The conceptual model of the expert system was designed by using a
decision tree structure which is easy to understand and interpret the causes involved in computer
troubleshooting. Based on the conceptual model, the expert system was developed by using ‘if – then’ rules.
The developed system used backward chaining to infer the rules and provide appropriate
recommendations. According to the system evaluators 83.6% of the users were satisfied with the prototype.
Expert Systems In Artificial Intelligence With Characteristics Components And...SlideTeam
Expert Systems in Artificial Intelligence with Characteristics Components and Applications is for the mid level managers giving information about what is an expert system, example of expert system, characteristics, and component. You can also know the difference between human expert vs expert system to understand the expert system in a better way for business growth. https://bit.ly/2UVw1g0
It gives an individual a general Idea about Expert System and the wide variety of it's Applications.We discuss the scope of Expert System in upcoming Future in various Domains and various Challenges.Some examples are also given of a few Expert Systems.
these are mainly the IT questions mainly asked by IT companies or organization when. employing workers its a review of how people can answer and what they should be prepared for in such a situation.
Knowledge or Rule based Expert systems systems are widely used in engineering applications and in problem-solving. Rapid development today has brought with it environmental problems that cause loss or destruction of natural resources. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been acknowledged as a powerful planning and decisionmaking tool to assess new development projects. It requires qualified personnel with special expertise and responsibility in their domain. Rule-based EIA systems incorporate expert’s knowledge and act as a device-giving system. The system has an advantage over human experts and can significantly reduce the complexity of a planning task like EIA.
A PROPOSED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING THE PARTNERSHIP IN BANKSjares jares
Expert systems are no longer just a technology, but they have entered many fields of decision-making from these medical fields, for example, as they help in diagnosing the disease and giving treatment, and also in the field of administration, where they give the manager a rational decision to solve a problem and other fields, DSS is an interactive information system that provides information, models, and data processing tools to assist decision-making. Islamic banks such as commercial banks offer products and services to customers, but these banks face many problems and the most important ones are the problems financing where Islamic banks seek to participate in money rather than lending and interest the participatory financing system is one of the most important sources of financing within Islamic banks This system is based on the agreement between the Bank and the customer to participate in a new project or project already in place in the proportions that agree to by the bank and the client but this funding takes a long time and many actions so the researcher has built an expert system to reduce the time it takes to award Funding and also to reduce procedures as the expert systems have the ability to help the human element in making decisions. This paper presents expert systems in Islamic banks in the system of co-financing in order to save time and effort and maximize profit.
A PROPOSED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING THE PARTNERSHIP IN BANKSJaresJournal
Expert systems are no longer just a technology, but they have entered many fields of decision-making from
these medical fields, for example, as they help in diagnosing the disease and giving treatment, and also in
the field of administration, where they give the manager a rational decision to solve a problem and other
fields, DSS is an interactive information system that provides information, models, and data processing
tools to assist decision-making. Islamic banks such as commercial banks offer products and services to
customers, but these banks face many problems and the most important ones are the problems financing
where Islamic banks seek to participate in money rather than lending and interest the participatory
financing system is one of the most important sources of financing within Islamic banks This system is
based on the agreement between the Bank and the customer to participate in a new project or project
already in place in the proportions that agree to by the bank and the client but this funding takes a long
time and many actions so the researcher has built an expert system to reduce the time it takes to award
Funding and also to reduce procedures as the expert systems have the ability to help the human element in
making decisions. This paper presents expert systems in Islamic banks in the system of co-financing in
order to save time and effort and maximize profit.
Introduction to Expert Systems {Artificial Intelligence}FellowBuddy.com
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. Introduction
Early 80s of 20th century was the years of AI specialization
and success where the knowledge based systems were
created and some expert systems were developed such as
MYCIN that address medical diagnosis problems and
DENDRAL that analyses mass spectrographic nuclear
magnetic resonance.
Expert systems are firmly at the application end of the AI.
The other branches of AI are concerned with common
intelligent tasks such as interpreting scenes and
understanding languages.
Expert systems can also undertake tasks such as process
control.
3. Introduction (cont.)
To find out what is the expert system lets first find out who is
the expert?
He is a person who has some of the following characteristics
Special knowledge in a given area, which exceeds our own
in the area.
Specialized training in that area.
Work experience in the area.
Ability to give reliable advice.
May has more knowledge than any one else.
May has good knowledge out side his area of expertise.
4. Expert System Definition
Expert system is a program that simulates the
performance of a human expert in a specific narrow field.
The word expert may mislead, as we expect the
performance of the expert to be perfect. Is there a doctor
who has never misdiagnosed?
Hence Expert System may be better called a Knowledge
Based System
The expert system may be seen as an intelligent computer
programme that uses knowledge and inference
procedures to solve problems that would normally require
human expertise to arrive to a solution.
5. Expert System Definition
Expert system is a program that simulates the
performance of a human expert in a specific narrow field.
The word expert may mislead, as we expect the
performance of the expert to be perfect. Is there a doctor
who has never misdiagnosed?
Hence Expert System may be better called a Knowledge
Based System
The expert system may be seen as an intelligent computer
programme that uses knowledge and inference
procedures to solve problems that would normally require
human expertise to arrive to a solution.
6. Expert System Definition (cont.)
• An expert system is a computer program that simulates
the judgment and behavior of a human or organization that
has expert knowledge and experience in a particular field.
• Typically, such a system contains a knowledge base
containing accumulated experience and a set of rules for
applying the knowledge base to each particular situation
that is described to the program.
7. Process of Building Expert System
1- Project selection:
Selecting the project and carrying out a feasibility study to find out if the problem
can be solved by the expert system technique. The following questions are
answered to find out wither it is preferable to build expert system or not
Is the knowledge acquired by experience over long time?
Are the experts the only people who can really understand the decision
factors involved?
Is more consistence decision making process needed?
Does the task require expertise for the solution? Does non expert perform
poorly?
Is there a shortage of expertise?
Is the problem solution depends on common sense
Is the domain well defined?
Is the domain stable?
Does the domain rely more on heuristics than algorithms?
Does the expert deals more with symbols than numbers?
8. Process of Building Expert System
2- User identification
Who will use the programme and what is his knowledge.
3- Knowledge election:
Extracting the knowledge needed to solve the problem.
4- Knowledge Analysis:
Choosing the most suitable way of representing the knowledge
from those available (production rules, frames, semantic nets,
etc.). More details are given in later section.
5- Choice of tools:
Choosing the suitable tool for implementing the expert system
and also choosing the hardware.
6- Coding the knowledge:
Converting the knowledge from normal English to the selected
programming language.
9. Process of Building Expert System
7- Validation of the system:
Testing the developed system and comparing the results with
other results obtained by other means.
8- Maintenance procedure design:
A policy of how future changes to the system are to be dealt with.
9- Evaluation of the system:
Testing the system by the users and see what improvements may
be needed.
10- Maintenance:
While the system is in use many small but important deficiencies
are discovered which need to be dealt with in according with pre-
set procedures.
10. Characteristics of Expert Systems
An expert system stores expert knowledge in certain subject
areas, and solves problems by drawing logical conclusions.
Expert systems are used in those cases where specialized
knowledge and experience are available and where
conventional programming techniques cannot be used or if
used may be uneconomic.
From the point of view of the user, the expert system is a
computer programme to be used in the same way as any
other programme, but from the point of view of the designers
and implementers an expert system is quite different from
conventional computer programme.
11. Differences Between Expert systems
and Conventional Programs
Some of the important differences are listed below:
Expert systems incorporate a symbolically structured knowledge base, which
contains the knowledge it needs, while the conventional programmes work
with numerically addressed data bases.
Searching for a solution, in expert systems, is "heuristic". A heuristic solution
is a method or set of rules for solving a problem without showing exactly how
the computer is to perform its task. In contrast the conventional programmes
solution is algorithmic, i.e. step by step procedures that guarantee that the
right conclusion will be reached when the correct data have been entered.
In the conventional programmes the data and the control are mixed and
cannot be separated. This fact makes the conventional programmes hard to
amend or modify. In the expert systems the modification is much easier
because the knowledge in the programme is coded using special language
and kept separate from the control (knowledge which guides the search).
Expert systems can handle uncertain knowledge and solve problems using
approximate methods, which are not guaranteed to succeed with algorithmic
programmes.
12. Differences Between Expert systems
and Conventional Programs
According to the British computer committee of the
specialist group on expert systems (BCS) expert
systems require the following :
An expert system contains knowledge.
The programme offers intelligent advice.
The system should be able to explain its line of
reasoning.
Expert systems are typically rule based.
13. Advantages of Expert Systems
Expert systems can offer a very good assistance for all its users, so user
can avoid complex tasks.
The knowledge stored in the expert system is permanent and will not be
lost.
The cost of the expert system is much cheaper than the human expert.
Once the expert system is developed new experts can be acquired by
simply copying the programme.
The development of the expert system extracts the expert knowledge and
formalises the knowledge. It also helps in exploring the reasoning
process.
The expert system is available for use at all times, unlike the human
expert who needs to eat, relax and sleep.
Planning using expert system can be more complete and consistent.
The information is contained in the knowledge base in the form of rules,
hence it is very convenient to add, remove or modify the knowledge base.
14. Disadvantages of Expert Systems
As expert systems have some advantages, they also have
disadvantages. Some of them are listed below:
The expert system cannot adopt to changes unless it is
told to do so.
Human experts, sometimes apply some global or
commonsense knowledge, whilst the expert system can
only apply the specific domain knowledge.
Human experts can formulate new, more efficient,
algorithms to apply to existing problems.
For the expert system to remain useful it needs to be
constantly maintained by an expert.
15. Areas of Expert Systems
Problem area Problem domain Example
Interpretation Infers situation description from observation Speech understanding and signal interpretation
Prediction Infers likely consequences from given information Weather forecasting and traffic prediction
Diagnosis Infer system characteristics from systems Medical diagnosis
Design Purpose configuration under some constraint Electric circuit design and building structural
design
Control Governing the overall behaviour of a system Production process control, air traffic control and
mission control
16. Each area of application has to be studied and the main
characteristic of that area should be known.
As example lets take the design problem, it is generally to
develop configurations of objects satisfying groups of
constraints.
The main goal of the design can be broken down into three sub
goals, to propose a design, criticise it and modify it.
Each sub goal may be broken farther, if required, into smaller
sub goals depending on the type of the design problem under
consideration.
Selection and connection of the components is an important
step in the design process.
When a design is developed it is usually analysed to ensure
that the proposed design satisfies the constraints.
From the results of the analysis only components which do not
meet the specifications are reconsidered.
Areas of Expert Systems (cont.)
17. The problem of design can be defined by identifying the goal, known and
constrains.
Design problem can be solved by taking number of actions such
propose, criticise, modify and present.
Each can be divided farther as shown below.
Problem Definition
Goal
– To produce a design that meets a set of constraints and
specifications.
Known
– Set of specifications regarding the system required.
– Standard component specifications.
– Possible relations between the components.
Constraints
– For each design problem, there are some constraints that must be
satisfied.
Areas of Expert Systems (cont.)
18. Design Process (Actions)
Propose
• Suggest overall design.
• Suggest relation between the components.
• Select components properties and details.
Criticise
• Prepare data for analysis.
• Analyse and test the primary design.
Modify
• Check the analytical results.
• Update the design if necessary.
Present
• Present the design details.
The above design processes may vary according to the design problem.
However, they can be used as a general guide for several design problems
such as electrical distribution system design.
Areas of Expert Systems (cont.)
19. Components of Expert Systems
Fundamental components of an expert system are:
• Knowledge base
• Inference Engine
• User interface
20. Components of Expert Systems
Knowledge base
The knowledge base of an expert system contains
high quality knowledge about a specific problem
domain organised as facts or rules or any other
representation.
Facts represent one single instance of either a
property of an object or a relation between
objects. Rules are properties or relations known
to be true when some set of other relations is
known. Facts and rules and other knowledge
representation
21. Components of Expert Systems
Inference Engine
The inference engine is that part of the expert system
that simulate the problem solving strategy of the
human expert. It represents the logical unit by means
which conclusions are drawn. The function of the
inference engine includes the following:
To determine which action is to be executed between
the individual parts of the expert system.
To determine how and when rules will be processed.
To control the dialog with the user.
There are two inference strategies.
22. Components of Expert Systems
User interface
This is the means by which the user communicates with the
expert system, and it is responsible for how the expert
system interacts with the user. The user interface, which is a
set of programmes that asks questions and accepts replies,
plays a very important rule in the success of the expert
system. It presents the questions and provides explanations
and conclusions to the user.
The questions and explanation must be understandable and
the results must be in a form appropriate for the user.
Sometimes the user may not be an expert in the system's
domain and this fact must be noted at the time of setting up
this part of the expert system.
23. Building Components of Expert
Systems
Knowledge base
This starts from knowledge extracting, analysis and then the
most appropriate method of representation is sleeted.
Inference Engine
Depending on the type knowledge and available information
about the problem domain a suitable inference strategy is
selected and then designed and implemented.
User interface
The most effective user interface is selected based on the
how and what details need to be communicated with the
users. Various expert systems building tools are available
and which offer of user inference methods.
Next lectures will discuss the above topics in more
details