Cell Biology grade 8

1. Cells:
The Basic Units of Life

2. The Cell Theory
1. All organisms are made of cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all
living things.
3. All cells come from existing cells.

3. Two Types of Cells
All cells, whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have
some common features

4. Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic Cells:
• Have no membrane
covered nucleus
• Have no membrane
- covered organelles
• Have circular DNA
• Are bacteria

5. Two Types of Cells
Eukaryotic Cells:
• Have a nucleus
• Have a membrane -
covered organelles
• Have linear DNA
• Are all other cells

6. Organelles
Organelles are structures that enable
the cell to live, grow and reproduce.

7. Cell Membrane
• Outer layer of cell
• Allows nutrients
into the cell and
wastes outside of
the cell
“Gate into the
city”

8. Cytoplasm
• Cytoplasm a
jelly-like fluid
contained in
the cell that
holds the
organelles.

9. The Nucleus
• The control
center of the
cell
• Contains the
Cell’s DNA
DNA
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleolus
“Mayor’s office”

10. Mitochondria
• Power center of
cell
• Provides the
energy the cell
needs to move,
divide, etc.
Outer Membrane
Inner Membrane
“Electric company of
the cell”

11. Ribosomes
• Site where
proteins are
made
“Factories of the
cell”

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Transportation
system of cell
• Rough ER-
ribosome's
attached
• Smooth ER- no
ribosome's
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
“Roadways of the cell”

13. Golgi Complex
• Packaging house of
cell
• Packages,
processes, and
ships out the
stuff the cell
makes
“UPS of the cell”

14. Lysosomes
• Digests food
particles
– “Garbage men”
• Protects cell by
digesting foreign
invaders
– “Police men

15. Vacuole
• Stores water,
food & wastes
Vacuole
Vacuole is largest
organelle in plant
cell

16. Cell Wall
• Found only in
plant cells
• Protects and
supports the cell

17. Chloroplasts
• Found only in plant
cells
• Contains
chlorophyll (makes
plants green)
• Where
photosynthesis
takes place

18. Plant or Animal Cell?
Found in Plant and Animal cells: Found only in Plant Cells:
• Nucleus
• Golgi Complex
• Mitochondrion
• Lyosomes
• Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• Cell Membrane
• Ribosomes
• Vacuoles
• Chloroplasts
• Cell Wall

19. Mitochondria
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Contains the genetic information DNA.
It also controls what the cell should
Is a jelly like substance. This is where all
the cell reactions take place
Controls what goes in and out of the
cell e.g oxygen, glucose and waste
Where the cell respiration takes place.
Provides the cell with energy for all it’s
functions
As we go through the different parts of the cell , each
organelles have different functions

20. Gives instructions for how the bank should be run.
His office contains all the information about the bank
My Cell is Like a Bank
Bank Manager:

21. The NUCLEUS is like the bank manager. It contains all
the genetic information (DNA) and it controls the cell
NUCLEUS

22. Inside the bank: Floor space
My Cell is Like a Bank
This where all the customers walk around and
use the bank

23. The CYTOPLASM is like the floor space. It is where all
the reactions take place (it is jelly like)
NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM

24. Body Guards:
My Cell is Like a Bank
Control who goes into the bank and they get rid of the
Trouble makers

25. The CELL MEMBRANE controls what goes into and
out of the cell. Oxygen and glucose get in. Carbon
dioxide and other waste are taken out
NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
CELL
MEMBRANE

26. Power Socket
My Cell is Like a Bank
The bank to work properly needs power e.g. to turn on
The computers, lights, keep the safe locked

27. The MITOCHONDRIA gives the cell all the energy it
needs to work
NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
CELL
MEMBRANE
MITOCHONDRIA

28. Activity: Here is a real cell. Label it with these words
Mitochondria | Cytoplasm | Cell membrane | Nucleus

29. Plant cell

31. Review

33. What structure is this?
?
a. cytoplasm
b. cell wall
c. nucleus
d. cell membrane

34. ?
a. cytoplasm
b. sap vacuole
c. chloroplast
d. nucleus
What structure is this?

35. ?
a. cytoplasm
b.vacuole
c. chloroplast
d. nucleus
What structure is this?

36. ?
a. Respiration
b. Photosynthesis
c. Contain genetic
information
a. Controls what goes
In and out
What is the function (job)
of this cell organelle?

37. TRUE/FALSE:
Chloroplasts give shape to the cell?

38. Which part is not found in animal cells?
Cell wall Cell membrane mitochondria

39. 1. All living things are made from cells
2. Cell are always found together
3. Cells make up the basic unit of life
Which is not part of cell theory?

40. ?
a. cell wall
b. cell membrane
c. sap vacuole
d. cytoplasm
What is this part of the cell?

41. What is the function (job) of
the mitochondria?
a) Lets things in an out of the cell
b) Move the cell
c) Where respiration takes place
d) Photosynthesis