It is an assignment on urban design basic factors, whereas a designer should keep in mind in urban designing.
Here I tried to describe factors by pointing as anyone could find a basic concept o urban design. Hope it'll be helpful.
Jane Jacobs - Life and Work, a short presentation.Mudassir Haqqani
Jane Jacobs was an American-Canadian journalist, author, and activist who influenced urban studies, sociology, and economics. This is a short presentation that I prepared for my course in my Masters.
iginally a Viking fishing village founded in the 10th century then became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a regional center of power with its institutions, defences and armed forces. After suffering from the effects of plague and fire in the 18th century, the city underwent a period of redevelopment. This included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. After further disasters in the early 19th century when Nelson attacked the Dano-Norwegian fleet and bombarded the city, rebuilding during the Danish Golden Age brought a Neoclassical look to Copenhagen's architecture. Later, following the Second World War, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing and businesses along the five urban railway routes stretching out from the city centre.
Copenhagen – a pioneer in sustainable urban development
Urban planners are Steen Eiler Rasmussen ,Christian Erhardt “Peter” Bredsdorff and Jan Gehl.
In 2014, Copenhagen won the prestigious European Green Capital award, presented by the European Commission, which recognizes efforts to improve the urban environment, the economy and the quality of life. The city was chosen as “a good model in terms of urban planning and design” and especially for its work as a “transport pioneer.”
Copenhagen is recognized as one of the most environmentally friendly cities in the world
Commercial and residential buildings are to reduce electricity consumption by 20 percent and 10 percent respectively
Copenhagen has ranked high in international surveys for its quality of life.
Park Acreage: 6,143
Park acreage per 1000 residents: 1.2 Acres
Copenhagen reacted with a Climate Adaptation Plan to improve the city’s defenses against water and extreme weather. Among the actions being taken are the building of dikes and better management of storm water.
It is an assignment on urban design basic factors, whereas a designer should keep in mind in urban designing.
Here I tried to describe factors by pointing as anyone could find a basic concept o urban design. Hope it'll be helpful.
Jane Jacobs - Life and Work, a short presentation.Mudassir Haqqani
Jane Jacobs was an American-Canadian journalist, author, and activist who influenced urban studies, sociology, and economics. This is a short presentation that I prepared for my course in my Masters.
iginally a Viking fishing village founded in the 10th century then became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a regional center of power with its institutions, defences and armed forces. After suffering from the effects of plague and fire in the 18th century, the city underwent a period of redevelopment. This included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. After further disasters in the early 19th century when Nelson attacked the Dano-Norwegian fleet and bombarded the city, rebuilding during the Danish Golden Age brought a Neoclassical look to Copenhagen's architecture. Later, following the Second World War, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing and businesses along the five urban railway routes stretching out from the city centre.
Copenhagen – a pioneer in sustainable urban development
Urban planners are Steen Eiler Rasmussen ,Christian Erhardt “Peter” Bredsdorff and Jan Gehl.
In 2014, Copenhagen won the prestigious European Green Capital award, presented by the European Commission, which recognizes efforts to improve the urban environment, the economy and the quality of life. The city was chosen as “a good model in terms of urban planning and design” and especially for its work as a “transport pioneer.”
Copenhagen is recognized as one of the most environmentally friendly cities in the world
Commercial and residential buildings are to reduce electricity consumption by 20 percent and 10 percent respectively
Copenhagen has ranked high in international surveys for its quality of life.
Park Acreage: 6,143
Park acreage per 1000 residents: 1.2 Acres
Copenhagen reacted with a Climate Adaptation Plan to improve the city’s defenses against water and extreme weather. Among the actions being taken are the building of dikes and better management of storm water.
Appreciation of an Urban Neighbourhood at Dehradun UttarakahndAnoushka Tyagi
The area selected for the study is the area between Prince chowk to Darshan Laal chowk including the Dhamawalla Mohalla & Dalanwala. The Land-use, reasons for site selection, Mapping of physical attributes to understand the exiting planning on the site, urban policies and issues and challenges faced in the urban infrastructure are accessed along with their remedial measures.
Prof Ni-Bin Chang presented the background review of New York City case study.
Flood impact assessment in mega cities under urban sprawl and climate change kick-off workshop
Jacobs had no professional training in the field of city planning, nor did she hold the title of planner. Instead, she relied on her observations and common sense to show why certain places work, and what can be done to improve those that do not
This presentation was given by COE Pune for "Samavesh" - XVl Annual NOSPlan Convention. The Theme of Presentation - "Accessibility in Peri-urban area".
This paper is a report on the recent special session of papers presented at the Regional Studies Association (RSA) Annual Conference in Dublin, entitled ‘Beyond Smart & Data-Driven City-Regions: Rethinking Stakeholder-Helixes Strategies’. The session was a collaboration between the Urban Transformations ESRC programme at the University of Oxford and the Future Cities Catapult.
Appreciation of an Urban Neighbourhood at Dehradun UttarakahndAnoushka Tyagi
The area selected for the study is the area between Prince chowk to Darshan Laal chowk including the Dhamawalla Mohalla & Dalanwala. The Land-use, reasons for site selection, Mapping of physical attributes to understand the exiting planning on the site, urban policies and issues and challenges faced in the urban infrastructure are accessed along with their remedial measures.
Prof Ni-Bin Chang presented the background review of New York City case study.
Flood impact assessment in mega cities under urban sprawl and climate change kick-off workshop
Jacobs had no professional training in the field of city planning, nor did she hold the title of planner. Instead, she relied on her observations and common sense to show why certain places work, and what can be done to improve those that do not
This presentation was given by COE Pune for "Samavesh" - XVl Annual NOSPlan Convention. The Theme of Presentation - "Accessibility in Peri-urban area".
This paper is a report on the recent special session of papers presented at the Regional Studies Association (RSA) Annual Conference in Dublin, entitled ‘Beyond Smart & Data-Driven City-Regions: Rethinking Stakeholder-Helixes Strategies’. The session was a collaboration between the Urban Transformations ESRC programme at the University of Oxford and the Future Cities Catapult.
Smartness for prosperity - UK and BrazilGavin McAdam
A MACI Innovations report, commissioned by the Future Cities Catapult in conjunction with the British Prosperity fund to research UK city challenges and successes in the development of Intelligent infrastructure policy, strategy and projects.
The report focuses on the transferability of these successes to application in Brazilian Cities.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
This report has been commissioned by the Future Cites Catapult as a collaborative undertaking with Dr Calzada, MACI Innovations and Translokal publishing to research the topic of Smart Infrastructure in nominated Cities in both the UK and Brazil.
Future Cities Catapult is a global centre of excellence for urban innovation and as part of this Collaborative Approach Research & Development work is being delivered to support the UK government Prosperity Fund.
The smart city landscape is broad and complex in nature. And even though there’s an unmistakable need to make urban environments smarter and more liveable, the great majority of cities have to deal with a history of ‘siloed’ approaches, blocking a more integrated and holistic way of approaching urban challenges.
The study commences an explanation and demonstration of the approach taken on how to structure the study and case studies themselves and proceeds to an in-depth review on how both the UK and Brazilian cities such as Bristol, Manchester, Newcastle, Leeds, Belfast Sau Paulo, Brasilia and Belo Horizonte have been addressing the smart city theme, by looking into the way they approached the challenge locally.
This research is supported by expert contrast accounts and targeted interviews with key stakeholders in the smart cities arena, to gather insights on methodologies, current practices, and the impact of these approaches in the urban environment.
The final section of the policy explores a fresh new concept of how UK approaches can be applied to Brazilian Cities and develops a methodology for approaching change.
Successful smart city change programmes must first look to the nature of the recipient city or urban environment to understand the need, issues and opportunities. These are often found in the very essence of the place; its urban culture, nation tradition, heritage, and political landscape as well as any economic drivers/ aspirations, technological capabilities and the dynamics of society itself.
The emphasis on smart cities and technology must be firmly set in the context of the “place”. With this in mind, very rarely will single solutions be found and or developed that can deliver effective change that is applicable to all environments nationally or regionally and therefore a city approach must be adopted.
Insight Report - Public Policy and Innovation Economic Analysis: Hong Kong 20...Good City Foundation
The Insight Report "Public Policy and Innovation Economic Analysis: Hong Kong 2030+, Industry 4.0 and District Improvement in Tai Po" is produced by the Social Enterprise Summit supported by the Good City Foundation, RE-LOOK and multiple other local key stakeholders in Tai Po District in Hong Kong to provide an overall scanning of political socio-economic status of Tai Po District, to proxy the readiness of development of the Northern Metropolis, in junction of the Re-Industrialisation Development Strategy, as part of the Hong Kong 2030+ long-term development strategy.
FULL VERSION:
This report has been commissioned by the Future Cites Catapult as a collaborative undertaking with Dr Calzada, MACI Innovations and Translokal publishing to research the topic of Smart Infrastructure in nominated Cities in both the UK and Brazil.
Future Cities Catapult is a global centre of excellence for urban innovation and as part of this Collaborative Approach Research & Development work is being delivered to support the UK government Prosperity Fund.
The smart city landscape is broad and complex in nature. And even though there’s an unmistakable need to make urban environments smarter and more liveable, the great majority of cities have to deal with a history of ‘siloed’ approaches, blocking a more integrated and holistic way of approaching urban challenges.
The study commences an explanation and demonstration of the approach taken on how to structure the study and case studies themselves and proceeds to an in-depth review on how both the UK and Brazilian cities such as Bristol, Manchester, Newcastle, Leeds, Belfast Sau Paulo, Brasilia and Belo Horizonte have been addressing the smart city theme, by looking into the way they approached the challenge locally.
This research is supported by expert contrast accounts and targeted interviews with key stakeholders in the smart cities arena, to gather insights on methodologies, current practices, and the impact of these approaches in the urban environment.
The final section of the policy explores a fresh new concept of how UK approaches can be applied to Brazilian Cities and develops a methodology for approaching change.
Successful smart city change programmes must first look to the nature of the recipient city or urban environment to understand the need, issues and opportunities. These are often found in the very essence of the place; its urban culture, nation tradition, heritage, and political landscape as well as any economic drivers/ aspirations, technological capabilities and the dynamics of society itself.
The emphasis on smart cities and technology must be firmly set in the context of the “place”. With this in mind, very rarely will single solutions be found and or developed that can deliver effective change that is applicable to all environments nationally or regionally and therefore a city approach must be adopted.
Smart cities as spatial manifestations of 21st century capitalismAraz Taeihagh
Globally, smart cities attract billions of dollars in investment annually, with related market opportunities forecast to grow year-on-year. The enormous resources poured into their development consist of financial capital, but also natural, human and social resources converted into infrastructure and real estate. The latter act as physical capital storage and sites for the creation of digital products and services expected to generate the highest value added. Smart cities serve as temporary spatial fixes until new and better investments opportunities emerge. Drawing from a comprehensive range of publications on capitalism, this article analyzes smart city developments as typifier of 21st century capital accumulation where the financialization of various capitals is the overarching driver and ecological overshoot and socio-economic undershoot are the main negative consequences. It closely examines six spatial manifestations of the smart city – science parks and smart campuses; innovation districts; smart neighborhoods; city-wide and city-regional smart initiatives; urban platforms; and alternative smart city spaces – as receptacles for the conversion of various capitals. It also considers the influence of different national regimes and institutional contexts on smart city developments. This is used, in the final part, to open a discussion about opportunities to temper the excesses of 21st century capitalism.
Highlights
• Recent academic literature on modern capitalism and smart city development are brought together
• Different interpretations and denominations of 21th century capitalism are mapped and synthesized into an overview box
• Six spatial manifestations of the smart city are identified and thoroughly described, with their major institutions, actors and resources
• Five different types of capital (natural, human, social, physical and financial) are mapped, along with an analysis of how further financialization affects conversion processes between them
• Options to mitigate exclusionary tendencies of capitalism in the digital age are explored, based on the varieties of capitalism literature
Open Data Innovation in Smart Cities: Challenges and TrendsEdward Curry
Open Data initiatives are increasingly considered as defining elements of emerging smart cities. However, few studies have attempted to provide a better understanding of the nature of this convergence and the impact on both domains. This talk examines the challenges and trends with open data initiatives using a socio-technical perspective of smart cities. The talk presents findings from a detailed study of 18 open data initiatives across five smart cities to identify emerging best practice. Three distinct waves of open data innovation for smart cities are discussed. The talk details the specific impacts of open data innovation on the different smart cities domains, governance of the cities, and the nature of datasets available in the open data ecosystem within smart cities.
For the first time, more people live in cities than in rural areas, bringing new challenges. ICT is playing a critical role in addressing these challenges and benefiting society.
Smart Cities and new professional opportunities: the Geographic Information M...big-gim
The prosumerism of a territory represents its capability to provide consumers with information, and use information from producers, with both activities addressed to create synergies among different planning strategies. As a matter of fact, large amounts of data from multiple sources are available and represent a significant potential for a territory that has to be properly managed so that it evolves into a resource. This actualization requires the involvement of multidisciplinary competences capable of both acquiring and using knowledge extracted from a territory / community, and integrating a proper usage of available technology within evolving scenarios. The paper describes an Italian proposal addressed to the establishment of the professional profile of geographic information manager. Such a profile is built in terms of skills and competences and is properly embedded in a scenario where smart communities play a relevant role in realizing the systemic process started by the Open Government paradigm. The GIM commitment is mainly focused on issues related to the spatial enablement, i.e., the capability to benefit of spatial data, both in terms of its availability and as a skill achieved for its exploitation. The GIM profile is described as presented to the UNINFO committee that is in charge of regulating profiles concerning computer science technologies, at national level.
A presentation delivered in Brussels on 13th february 2017 International Evidence Review 'Experimenting with Urban Living Labs (ULLs) beyond Smart City-Regions'
This abstract paper talks how we can think a certain city as a smart one, representation on modern practices to make cities smart. A set of the everyday multidimensional factors motivating the smart city concept and the primary things for anup-and-coming smart city lead is identified by exploring current working definitions of smart city and a diversity of various theoretical connections related to smart city. The document deals considered principles aligning to the three main dimensions (technology, people, and institutions) of smart city: integration of infrastructures and technology-mediated services, social learning for strengthening human infrastructure, and governance for institutional improvement and citizen engagement.
•Smart city and energy efficiency related citizen engagement
•Identified levels of citizen engagement
•Practical examples, tips and tools for each level
•Existing frameworks for citizen engagement
•Future perspectives
Written as part of an assignment for EU Smart Cities project REMOURBAN - www.remourban.eu
What happened in Quito: An account on UN Habitat 3Roberto Rocco
This is an account of the 3rd Un Habitat Conference in Quito and an analysis of the New Urban Agenda, made by Roberto Rocco and Ana Maria Fernandez-Maldonado (TU Delft)
On November 14th 2016 the Urban Transformations programme, funded by the ESRC, kicked off the first knowledge exchange activity by bringing together academics and practitioners in the research/policy field of urban transformations from all over Europe. This workshop was the first of a series entitled Bridging European Urban Transformations that has been established in partnership between the Urban Transformations programme led by the University of Oxford at COMPAS and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), particularly with the Brussels Centre for Urban Studies. In this post-Brexit era, commitment and willingness to cooperate seems more important than ever before. Therefore, the workshop series, which runs from November 2016 to October 2017, emphasises the value of connections between institutions and key players in the field of urban transformations in the UK and in the rest of Europe.
2137ad Merindol Colony Interiors where refugee try to build a seemengly norm...luforfor
This are the interiors of the Merindol Colony in 2137ad after the Climate Change Collapse and the Apocalipse Wars. Merindol is a small Colony in the Italian Alps where there are around 4000 humans. The Colony values mainly around meritocracy and selection by effort.
Explore the multifaceted world of Muntadher Saleh, an Iraqi polymath renowned for his expertise in visual art, writing, design, and pharmacy. This SlideShare delves into his innovative contributions across various disciplines, showcasing his unique ability to blend traditional themes with modern aesthetics. Learn about his impactful artworks, thought-provoking literary pieces, and his vision as a Neo-Pop artist dedicated to raising awareness about Iraq's cultural heritage. Discover why Muntadher Saleh is celebrated as "The Last Polymath" and how his multidisciplinary talents continue to inspire and influence.
2137ad - Characters that live in Merindol and are at the center of main storiesluforfor
Kurgan is a russian expatriate that is secretly in love with Sonia Contado. Henry is a british soldier that took refuge in Merindol Colony in 2137ad. He is the lover of Sonia Contado.
Hadj Ounis's most notable work is his sculpture titled "Metamorphosis." This piece showcases Ounis's mastery of form and texture, as he seamlessly combines metal and wood to create a dynamic and visually striking composition. The juxtaposition of the two materials creates a sense of tension and harmony, inviting viewers to contemplate the relationship between nature and industry.
1. The K4D helpdesk service provides brief summaries of current research, evidence, and lessons
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Helpdesk reports are commissioned by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and
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please contact helpdesk@k4d.info.
Helpdesk Report
Tactical urbanism in Low- and
Middle-Income Countries (LMICs)
Laura Bolton
Institute of Development Studies
21 August 2020
Question
How has tactical urbanism been defined and to what end? How is it being promoted or
delivered in response to COVID-19 in LMICs? What is the evidence of success and failure?
What models or approaches might be replicable?
Contents
1. Summary
2. Definition
3. Case studies
4. Commentary on tactical urbanism in Africa
5. Tactical urbanism in the COVID-19 response
6. References
2. 2
1. Summary
Tactical urbanism, a term developed from High-Income Countries (HICs), describes grassroots
activities in urban settings for neighbourhood building which are short-term, low-cost, iterative,
make efficient use of resources, and are reactive/activist. When the term is used to describe
activities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), experience tends to share some but not
all of these features. Initiatives described as tactical urbanism that occur in LMICs have less of a
activism element and are more likely to involve local government or NGOs.
In HICs, examples include citizens adding street signs, pop-up projects in disused buildings,
painting bike-lines, and car free days where parking spaces are repurposed as parks.
Examples and case studies labelled as tactical urbanism from LMICs, are predominantly related
to road safety (Brazil, India, Tanzania, and Chile) and are described in informal resources such
as blog posts. Material from blog posts is more likely to be positive and may be biased.
Unsuccessful examples are unlikely to be reported. Examples identified from Egypt and China
are more themed around repurposing or upgrading space for improving retail business.
It was necessary in this rapid literature review to focus on information that was described as
tactical urbanism though it should be noted there are likely to be examples of tactical urbanism
type approaches that are not labelled as such and therefore were beyond the scope of this rapid
review.
There was little evidence of tactical urbanism being promoted or delivered in response to COVID-
19.
2. Definition
Mike Lydon is said to have come up with the phrase ‘tactical urbanism’1
and it is described in his
book Tactical Urbanism: Short-term Action for Long-term Change (Lydon & Garcia, 2015):
“Tactical Urbanism is an approach to neighbourhood building and activation using short-term,
low-cost, and scalable interventions and policies. It makes use of an iterative development
process, the efficient use of resources, and the creative potential unleashed by social
interaction…. In many ways, Tactical Urbanism is a learned response to the slow and siloed
conventional city building process” (p2)
Actions are also referred to as guerrilla urbanism, pop-up urbanism, city repair, or D.I.Y.
urbanism (Lydon et al., 2012).
Examples in the United States include adding signs to encourage walking in urban areas,
intersection repair, pop-up projects in disused buildings, and painting bike lanes (Pfeifer, 2013).
In San Francisco, a small group took over a single parking space and turned it into a miniature
1
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/tactical-urbanists-are-improving-cities-one-rogue-
fix-at-a-time-180955049/
3. 3
park which grew into Park(ing) Day, a car-free day to highlight the lack of green space. People
install grass, plants, and a bench and get creative with parking spaces. Now celebrated globally.2
The term emerged from HICs and has been used in a small number of identified cases to
describe activities in LMICs. An Institute for Transport and Development Policy (ITDP)
presentation on tactical urbanism in India describes such interventions as “quick, temporary, and
low-cost projects characterised by a community focus to build support for long term change”
(ITDP, 2020). The other resources with LMIC examples describing tactical urbanism are mostly
blog posts, so quite informal and do not specifically define tactical urbanism.
The World Bank, in their publication The Hidden Wealth of Cities: Creating, Financing, and
Managing Public Spaces, discusses tactical urbanism as opposed to comprehensive city
planning, though it also notes the two are not mutually exclusive (Kaw et al., 2020). The authors
describe tactical urbanism as simple, low cost physical alterations to improve space with fast
results. Examples include temporary social programmes such as exhibitions, street furniture
restoration, changing the use of space, and changing the use of buildings. They suggest that
projects may have some planning and then use elements of tactical urbanism or tactical
urbanism approaches. They describe the need for well-planned programming for sustainability
past temporary status.
The Project for Public Spaces3
, based in the United States, describes a similar concept,
placemaking, which would be interesting to explore further. “As both an overarching idea and a
hands-on approach for improving a neighbourhood, city, or region, placemaking inspires people
to collectively reimagine and reinvent public spaces at the heart of every community”.4
Javier Vergara Petrescu is the Co-founder and Executive Director at “Ciudad Emergente”5
in
Chile. He describes tactical urbanism as “short-term actions to leverage long term change”
offering “an innovative and inclusive method to integrate local communities into the
transformation of streetscapes and the revitalisation of public spaces.”6
LMIC examples described as, or tagged tactical urbanism seem often to have government
involvement although the original idea in HICs was communities responding to lack of
government action. There may be examples of this type in LMICs which are not labelled as
‘tactical urbanism’ which would require further scope to research.
2
https://cohere.city/tactical-urbanism-how-parking-day-leads-to-permanent-change/
3
https://www.pps.org/
4
https://www.pps.org/article/what-is-placemaking
5
Described as a Lab of Tactics and Tools for Human Centered Cities
6
https://www.urbanet.info/equitable-public-spaces-in-latin-america-a-how-to/
4. 4
3. Case studies
Brazil
The international Institute for Transport and Development Policy (ITDP)7
held a webinar in March
2020, titled: The Transformative Power of Tactical Urbanism in the Global South.8
ITDP
published regional webinar presentations including one from a transport manager in Brazil
(Hoppe, 2020).
The presentation notes the following actions and lessons learnt from Brazil:
• High rates of traffic accidents prompting a focus away from cars and towards people.
• Initiatives use traffic cones and paint roads to mark out pedestrian areas.
• Capacity building workshops support citizens in making change.
• Implementation processes sometimes involved public servants.
• The initiatives are efficient in raising awareness even if permanent implementation
takes a long time.
• Data, surveys and political will are important.
• Champions are useful to help maintain engagement of community and public
servants after pop-up.
Chile
Calle Portugal in Santiago Centro experimented with a temporary bike lane which has resulted in
a 560% increase of cyclists in the street according to an urban.net blog post (Petrescu, 2020). It
was part of a larger effort led by Ciudad Emergente described as a tactical intervention called
Shared Street for a Low Carbon District. It was a local community process sponsored by the
Municipality of Santiago.
China
From the World Bank publication The Hidden Wealth of Cities: Creating, Financing, and
Managing Public Spaces a case study of China is described (Kaw et al., 2020). Tactical
urbanism is not referenced but is based on similar ideas.9
The Beijing Municipal Government
wanted to use incremental, inclusive approaches to regeneration in Dashilar. Co-creation
involved various stakeholders to address community needs and provide ownership among
residents. The aim was to improve the use of narrow streets and create green and cultural space
that preserves authentic culture. Cultural businesses such as art galleries, design studios and
boutique shops were put alongside already established businesses and strengthened cultural
7
https://www.itdp.org/about/
8
https://www.itdp.org/event/power-of-tactical-urbanism/
9
The case studies in the publication tend to have more from government or private sector than the original idea
of tactical urbanism.
5. 5
identity and attracted interest. Private sector engagement prompted economic opportunities for
surrounding businesses which were previously struggling.
Egypt
One source describes activities in Cairo, Egypt, using the term tactical urbanism (Abd Elrahman,
2016). The paper defines tactical urbanism as “a low cost - temporary change approach to the
urban environment that can act as a pop-up solution for Cairo's built environment” and highlights
“the unplanned or traditional practices that have been carried out by inhabitants, entities or
initiatives, which carries out the principles of "Tactical Urbanism"” (p224).
Examples in Cairo described in the paper include:
• A local non-profit organisation undertook a project to develop Luxor Street in Mansheit
Nasser which supported a marketplace for skilled craftsmen to sell their goods.
Inhabitants helped to shape the space with a colour scheme. This initiated incremental
investment.
• The Al-Sa’ada project was founded by an architecture student. The project used upbeat
colours and abstract calligraphy in urban spaces to support people psychologically. The
community transformed spaces and had a sense of pride between each other.
• A holy festival is described as a tactical urbanism practice where the community builds
temporary tents for lighting instalments and loudspeakers.
• Vendors and stalls being placed along alleys and in between houses and shacks for
weekly pop-up markets. People organise the markets into different sections with a route
to follow.
India
The ITDP webinar presentation on India discussed case studies from Chennai, Pune and Ranchi
(ITDP, 2020). The presentations used photos from urban actions such as:
• Citizen support for street transformation with pavements rebuilt including bollards and
litter bins.
• Building support from traffic police.
• Creating safe neighbourhood streets.
• Building momentum for long-term change with temporary road markings becoming
permanent.
• Car-free Sundays with people playing badminton in the street and families cycling.
ITDP India worked with the Ranchi Municipal Corporation (RMC) and the Ranchi Traffic Police
(RTP) to install low-cost temporary measures such as paint and traffic barricades to create a
colourful walking paths for pedestrians in the state of Jharkand. An ITDP blog describes this as a
tactical urbanism intervention (ITDP, 2019). The Ranchi Municipal Commissioner and Deputy
Mayor came together to address problems of traffic congestion and lack of pedestrian space.
The project moved very rapidly with a study conducted and designs created. A team of painters
worked with the authorities to transform one road in a few hours. Success was reported in user
feedback surveys.
6. 6
An article from Bloomberg CityLab describes tactical urbanism activity in Mumbai (Flint, 2014).
Slumdwellers are adding a floor onto of their house for a workspace using lightweight
construction materials. This example does not clearly fit with the definitions of tactical urbanism
used elsewhere but is described as tactical urbanism in the article.
Indonesia
The ITDP presentation on Indonesia describes a street safety intervention in South Jakarta
(Lazuardini, 2020). A small alley and local street are used as a short-cut to reach the station and
schools, avoiding the unsafe wider roads. However, motorised vehicles sharing this local street
make it hazardous for children to walk safely through the alley to school. Discussion with the
community, particularly women helped further understanding of accessibility issues. Local
government were consulted. And some work was organised through the ‘Road Construction and
Management’ and Transport sub-agencies. Local residents had an implementation day who
helped paint the street. There is a pedestrian path, a large traffic calming sign in front of the
school, and a convex mirror in an L-shaped alley. A zebra crossing and speed humps were
added near the school. The project was co-designed by local inhabitants, coordinated by the
government and implemented by both locals and the government. Collaboration noted as
important.
Tanzania
A Bloomberg CityLab article describes SARSAI, a project described as tactical urbanism which
won the World Resources Institute Ross Prize for Cities (Jarvorski, 2019). SARSAI stands for
School Area Safety Assessments and Improvements. It identifies high-risk areas for children
walking to school and uses different inexpensive measures to separate children from traffic
including speed bumps, bollards and sidewalks. It started with two schools in Dar es Salaam and
is now in 50 areas in 9 African countries.
4. Commentary on tactical urbanism in Africa
A blog post on africanurbanism.net describes the perception that tactical urbanism is not ensuing
in Africa as it is in other parts of the world (African Urbanism, 2017). The blog notes that bottom-
up urban space adaption in response to insufficient government planning for community needs
are occurring. “Everyday “informal” interventions – many of which are already innovative, low-
scale, citizen-centered initiatives – are uniquely tied to the historic past of these evolving human
settlements, or strategically carried out as opportunistic elements in the city’s present.”
The author considers the activities to be marginal or threats to a city’s modern future. The blog
notes the exclusionary nature of town planning historically with strict city government
designations as being an issue. And that there are thought to be many small-scale initiatives that
are not being recorded or studied. The author describes tactical urbanism as “another external
framework” which may not be well-suited to dealing with the issues of informality, a problem
because of the imposition of formality.
7. 7
5. Tactical urbanism in the COVID-19 response
Links made to tactical urbanism in the COVID-19 response are somewhat tenuous. There is a
notion that post-COVID is an opportunity for rebuilding urban public spaces and that tactical
urbanism approaches may be useful but nothing concrete was found within the scope of this
report.
An International Institute of Environment and Development (IIED) blog10
talks about community
mobilisation which could be seen as an element of tactical urbanism. It describes community-
focussed COVID-19 responses such as grass-roots initiatives improving handwashing facilities,
and delivering food parcels and masks in different countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
A blog offering discourse more relevant to HICs notes that the pandemic restrictions have
reminded us of the importance of public spaces (Daly et al., 2020). And that fresh air and open
space needed for physical and mental health. This is somewhat different from LMIC discourse on
emergency response.
6. References
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environment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 224-235.
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http://africanurbanism.net/african-cities-tactical-urbanism/
Daly, J., Dovey, K., & Stevens, Q. (2020). We can’t let coronavirus kill our cities. Here’s how we
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https://www.itdp.in/tag/tactical-urbanism/
Jarvorski, N. (2019). Tactical Urbanism Makes Kids’ School Trips Safer in Africa. Bloomberg
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303728799_Tactical_urbanism_Short-
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Suggested citation
Bolton, L. (2020). Tactical urbanism in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). K4D
Helpdesk Report 854. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies.