1. 2 And 1 .3
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All living things are called organisms and are made up of cells as their basic unit of structure and function. Organisms require certain needs like food, water, oxygen, living space, and proper temperature to survive. They obtain energy primarily from the sun and rely on homeostasis to maintain constant internal conditions for life processes while heterotrophs cannot produce their own food and rely on other organisms.
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All living things need water, food, living space, and stable internal conditions to survive. Specifically, they require water to carry out essential functions like obtaining chemicals, breaking down food, and moving substances within their bodies. Organisms also need a source of energy, which they obtain through food - either by producing their own food through photosynthesis (autotrophs) or consuming other organisms (heterotrophs). Furthermore, all living things need a place to live where they can access food, water, and shelter, leading to competition for space. Finally, organisms maintain homeostasis to keep internal conditions constant despite outside changes, which is vital for cellular functions.
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Chapter 3 biosphere and ecology
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Biology Chapter 1
The document summarizes key concepts from the first chapter of a biology textbook. It discusses the origin of early organisms, the six major themes of biology, and provides details on each theme. The themes covered are cell structure and function, stability and homeostasis, reproduction and inheritance, evolution, interdependence of organisms, and matter, energy and organization. Key terms are defined for each theme.
LS 2 12 The Ecosystem in Retrospect
1. The document discusses relationships between organisms in an ecosystem, including predation, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, competition, and symbiosis. It also covers trophic structure, including producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and decomposers.
2. The document then explains energy flow through ecosystems, including photosynthesis, food chains, food webs, and laws of thermodynamics. Less energy is available at higher trophic levels due to energy lost as heat or through waste.
3. Finally, the document discusses biogeochemical cycles that provide nutrients for life, including the water cycle, carbon dioxide-oxygen cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle,
Biology : Chapter 1 : The Science of Life
This document provides an overview of biology and the classification of living organisms. It discusses:
1. What biology is and defines key terms like organism and biologist.
2. The characteristics of life including cells, nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth, movement, reproduction, sensitivity and adaptability.
3. How Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of binomial nomenclature for classifying organisms into a hierarchy of kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species based on their similarities and differences.
Biology-Chapter 1. Animal kingdom, phylum
Biology is the study of life, including the origins and diversity of lifeforms, their structures and functions, and how they interact with each other and their environments. There are eight key characteristics of life: all living things are made of cells, grow and develop, reproduce, respond to stimuli, require energy, maintain homeostasis, and evolve adaptations over time through the process of natural selection.
Living System
This document discusses the characteristics of living things and provides examples. It defines what classifies something as living, including the abilities to respond to stimuli, obtain and use energy, grow, reproduce, and be composed of cells. It then applies these criteria to determine that barnacles are living organisms. The document also discusses the organization of living systems like the human body from the molecular level to cells to tissues to organs and organ systems. Finally, it briefly introduces the concept of homeostasis, or an organism's ability to maintain stable internal conditions in response to external changes.
8084_Ecosystem.ppt
The document defines ecosystems as consisting of all the living and nonliving things in an environment that interact with each other. It explains that living things need habitats to meet their basic needs like food, water, and shelter. An ecosystem contains various populations of organisms that make up communities living in the same place. Food chains show the transfer of energy as plants are eaten by primary consumers, and then by secondary consumers. A food web depicts the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.
Characteristics life final
This document outlines some key concepts in biology. It discusses the five characteristics shared by all living things: cells, reproduction, heredity, metabolism, and homeostasis. It also describes biotic and abiotic factors in an environment and different levels of organization from cells to ecosystems. Key terms like prokaryotes, eukaryotes, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, heterotrophs, and autotrophs are defined.
CHAPTER 6 Botkin, D. B., & Keller, E. A. (2014). Environmental.docx
CHAPTER 6
Botkin, D. B., & Keller, E. A. (2014). Environmental science: Earth as a living planet (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
· Chapter 6: Ecosystems: Concepts and Fundamentals
6.1 the Ecosystem: Sustaining Life on Earth
We tend to associate life with individual organisms, for the obvious reason that it is individuals that are alive. But sustaining life on Earth requires more than individuals or even single populations or species. Life is sustained by the interactions of many organisms functioning together, interacting through their physical and chemical environ- ments. We call this an ecosystem. Sustained life on Earth, then, is a characteristic of ecosystems, not of individual organisms or populations. As the opening case study about Lyme disease illustrates, to understand important environmental issues—such as controlling undesirable species; conserving endangered species; sustaining renew- able resources; and minimizing the effects of toxic sub- stances—we must understand the basic characteristics of ecosystems.
Basic Characteristics of Ecosystems
Ecosystems have several fundamental characteristics, which we can group as structure and processes.
Ecosystem Structure
An ecosystem has two major parts: nonliving and liv- ing. The nonliving part is the physical-chemical environ- ment, including the local atmosphere, water, and mineral soil (on land) or other substrate (in water). The living part, called the ecological community, is the set of spe- cies interacting within the ecosystem.
Ecosystem Functions and Processes
Two basic kinds of processes (sometimes referred to as ecosystem functions) must occur in an ecosystem: a cycling of chemical elements and a flow of energy. These processes are necessary for all life, but no single species can carry out all necessary chemical cycling and energy flow alone. That is why we said that sustained life on Earth is a characteristic of ecosystems, not of individuals or populations. At its most basic, an ecosystem consists of several species and a fluid medium—air, water, or both (Figure 6.4). Ecosystem energy flow places a fun- damental limit on the abundance of life. Energy flow is a difficult subject, which we will discuss in Section 6.4.
Ecosystem chemical cycling is complex as well, and for that reason we have devoted a separate chapter (Chapter 7) to chemical cycling within ecosystems and throughoutthe entire Earth’s biosphere. Briefly, 21 chemical elements are required by at least some form of life, and each chemi- cal element required for growth and reproduction must be available to each organism at the right time, in the right amount, and in the right ratio relative to other ele- ments. These chemical elements must also be recycled— converted to a reusable form: Wastes are converted into food, which is converted into wastes, which must be con- verted once again into food, with the cycling going on indefinitely if the ecosystem is to remain viable.
For recycling of chemical ele ...
Chapter1 sections 1-4
The document summarizes key concepts from the first chapter of a biology textbook, including:
1) Life can be studied at different levels of organization from atoms to ecosystems. All living things require energy and nutrients, sense their environment, and use DNA to function and reproduce.
2) While all life shares common characteristics, there is tremendous diversity among organisms. These can be classified into the domains of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Eukaryotes include protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
3) Understanding life requires studying both its underlying unity across all organisms as well as the variation between different forms of life. Classification systems help organize our understanding of life's diversity.
Chapter1 sections 1-4
The document summarizes key concepts from the first chapter of a biology textbook, including:
1) Life can be studied at different levels of organization from atoms and molecules to ecosystems. Key levels include cells, tissues, organs and organ systems.
2) All living things require energy and nutrients, share characteristics like DNA and homeostasis, and can be classified as producers, consumers, protists, fungi, plants or animals.
3) Biodiversity refers to the variation among living things from bacteria and archaea to eukaryotes like protists, fungi, plants and animals. Classification systems help track life's diversity.
The biosphere
The biosphere consists of all life on Earth and the areas where life exists, including land, water, and air. Ecology studies the interactions between organisms and their environment. Organisms obtain energy primarily from sunlight through photosynthesis in plants or chemosynthesis in deep sea ecosystems. This energy is then transferred as organisms eat each other in a food chain or more complex food web. Ecological pyramids illustrate how energy and matter decrease at each trophic level.
CharacteristicsoflifeGO.ppt
This document defines the key characteristics of life and explores biology concepts. It outlines the seven characteristics of life including metabolism, response to stimuli, growth, reproduction, evolution, being composed of cells, and homeostasis. It also describes producers and consumers, the processes of anabolism and catabolism that make up metabolism, and how organisms adapt and evolve over time.
Environmental Biology
This document defines key terms related to organisms and their environment, including biosphere, ecology, habitat, population, and community. It also discusses the components of a community, including producers, consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores), and decomposers. Additionally, it covers topics like primary/secondary/tertiary consumers, predator-prey relationships, ecosystems, and how energy flows through trophic levels in a food chain and food web.
Biology introduction
This document provides an overview of key concepts in biology, including the characteristics of life, levels of biological organization, scientific classification, and the scientific method. It discusses that all living things share characteristics like organization, metabolism, growth, response to stimuli, reproduction, and homeostasis. It also summarizes the hierarchical classification system used in biology and outlines the domains, kingdoms, and scientific naming conventions. Finally, it briefly introduces concepts like ecosystems, biodiversity, and the process of scientific inquiry.
Ecology ..
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. The biosphere consists of all life on Earth and the areas where life exists. Ecology studies different levels of organization from populations and communities to ecosystems and biomes. Energy flows through ecosystems in food chains from primary producers like plants through various consumer levels. Nutrients are recycled through decomposition and enter the ecosystem again.
Ecology Review
This document summarizes key concepts in ecology including:
1) Organisms include plants, animals, bacteria and fungi. A population is a group of the same species in an area. A community includes all populations in an area that depend on each other.
2) A biome is a large ecosystem with the same climate and organisms, such as forests, deserts, tundra, etc. A habitat is the environment an organism lives in including soil, air, water and plants. A niche is an organism's role, such as a spotted owl's role as a hunter.
3) Energy and nutrients cycle through food chains, webs, and pyramids from producers to consumers to decomposers. Key
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CHAPTER 6 Botkin, D. B., & Keller, E. A. (2014). Environmental.docx
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1. 2 And 1 .3
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