Solid unreinforced pre cast cement concrete paver blocks is a versatile, aesthetically attractive, functional, cost effective and requires little or no maintenance if correctly manufactured and laid. Paver blocks can be used for different traffic categories i.e. Non traffic, Light traffic, Medium traffic, Heavy traffic and Very heavy traffic. In present study work paver blocks of M 40 grade of 80mm thickness for medium traffic with varying percentage of nylon fiber 0.1 , 0.2 , 0.3 , 0.4 , 0.5 is used to improve the compressive strength is casted. After finding optimum percentage of nylon fiber, it has now become very important to look as for the alternative source for natural materials used in concrete i.e. gravels and natural sand. Waste foundry sand WFS is a propitious material that can be used as an alternative for the naturals and i.e. fine aggregates in concrete. The thesis demonstrates the potential of re use for waste foundry sand i.e. industrial by product as a substitute of a fine aggregate in concrete. The fine aggregates i.e. natural sand are replaced with WFS in Three different substitution rates i.e. 2.5 , 5 , 10 , . Several tests were performed to examine the mechanical properties i.e. compressive strength, and flexural strength as well as the durability of concrete. Rajat Singh Rajput | Prabhat Kumar Tiwari | Abhay Kumar Jha "Evolution Properties of Paver Blocks Using Waste Foundry Sand in Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47703.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47703/evolution-properties-of-paver-blocks-using-waste-foundry-sand-in-concrete/rajat-singh-rajput
Rubberized concrete project of final year B.techNagendra Sah
Concrete is most widely used building material in the world, as well as the largest user of natural resources with annual consumption of 12.6 billion.so we have selected project that was based on concrete and our project is about RUBBER CONCRETE . Materials used were cement, fine aggregate , coarse aggregate ,rubber powder , fly ash , glass fiber , super plasticizer. Hence we in this project aimed to study effectiveness of rubber as substitute of fine aggregate and Utilization of Fly ash & Glass fiber were included for economical and increasing the strength of the concrete.
KEYWORDS: Tyre rubber power ,flyash, glass fiber, compressive, split tensile and flexural strength
This document summarizes the key concepts of sustainable development and its relationship to civil engineering. It defines sustainability and sustainable development, noting their focus on meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. For civil engineers, sustainability means using natural resources to improve society's quality of life indefinitely. The document outlines 17 sustainable development goals and discusses civil engineers' role in achieving these through sustainable design, green buildings, and sustainable construction practices like reducing waste and using renewable building materials. It provides examples of sustainable buildings from around the world.
This document provides an overview of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC). It discusses what concrete and fiber reinforced concrete are, as well as the history and types of fiber reinforced concrete. Glass fiber concrete is described as a composite material made of sand, cement, polymer, water, glass fibers and other admixtures. The document outlines the properties, applications, advantages and structural characteristics of GFRC. It concludes that GFRC provides benefits like high strength, crack resistance, impact resistance and durability compared to conventional concrete.
Two design methods were used to quantify the improvements of using geotextiles in pavements. In this study, a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis framework was developed and used to quantify the initial and the future cost of 25 representative low volume road design alternatives. A 50 year analysis cycle was used to compute the cost-effectiveness ratio when geotextiled is used for the design methods. The effects of three flexible pavement design parameters were evaluated; and their impact on the results was investigated.
Permeability is the property that governs the rate of flow of a fluid into a porous solid like concrete. The main factors affecting permeability in concrete are the water-cement ratio, cement properties, aggregate size and grading, curing methods, and age of the concrete. A higher water-cement ratio results in more capillary pores in the concrete, increasing permeability. Proper curing and the ongoing hydration process over time causes the permeability of concrete to decrease as capillary pores reduce in size and number. High permeability in concrete can lead to issues like corrosion of reinforcement and damage from frost.
This document outlines 8 techniques for repairing cracks in concrete structures: 1) Sealing with epoxies, 2) Routing and sealing, 3) Stitching, 4) External stressing, 5) Overlays, 6) Grouting, 7) Blanketing, and 8) Autogenous healing. Sealing with epoxies involves injecting epoxy compounds into cracks at high pressure. Routing and sealing enlarges cracks and fills them with sealants. Stitching reestablishes tensile strength across major cracks using metal units drilled into crack walls. External stressing closes cracks by applying compression to overcome tensile stresses. Overlays provide a sealed surface for multiple cracks. Grouting is an alternative
This document studied the effect of adding waste rubber to concrete. It conducted tests with concrete mixtures replacing the coarse aggregates with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 50% and 100% rubber by volume. The results showed that as the percentage of rubber replacement increased, the compressive strength, slump, and density of the concrete decreased. However, adding rubber improves the concrete's elasticity and deformation properties while providing an environmentally friendly way to dispose of waste tires. The study concluded that rubberized concrete is most suitable for applications not requiring high strength, such as concrete pavements.
This presentation includes in how many ways plastic can be used in soil stabilization. It covers how a waste material can be used without any additional increase in cost.
Rubberized concrete project of final year B.techNagendra Sah
Concrete is most widely used building material in the world, as well as the largest user of natural resources with annual consumption of 12.6 billion.so we have selected project that was based on concrete and our project is about RUBBER CONCRETE . Materials used were cement, fine aggregate , coarse aggregate ,rubber powder , fly ash , glass fiber , super plasticizer. Hence we in this project aimed to study effectiveness of rubber as substitute of fine aggregate and Utilization of Fly ash & Glass fiber were included for economical and increasing the strength of the concrete.
KEYWORDS: Tyre rubber power ,flyash, glass fiber, compressive, split tensile and flexural strength
This document summarizes the key concepts of sustainable development and its relationship to civil engineering. It defines sustainability and sustainable development, noting their focus on meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. For civil engineers, sustainability means using natural resources to improve society's quality of life indefinitely. The document outlines 17 sustainable development goals and discusses civil engineers' role in achieving these through sustainable design, green buildings, and sustainable construction practices like reducing waste and using renewable building materials. It provides examples of sustainable buildings from around the world.
This document provides an overview of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC). It discusses what concrete and fiber reinforced concrete are, as well as the history and types of fiber reinforced concrete. Glass fiber concrete is described as a composite material made of sand, cement, polymer, water, glass fibers and other admixtures. The document outlines the properties, applications, advantages and structural characteristics of GFRC. It concludes that GFRC provides benefits like high strength, crack resistance, impact resistance and durability compared to conventional concrete.
Two design methods were used to quantify the improvements of using geotextiles in pavements. In this study, a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis framework was developed and used to quantify the initial and the future cost of 25 representative low volume road design alternatives. A 50 year analysis cycle was used to compute the cost-effectiveness ratio when geotextiled is used for the design methods. The effects of three flexible pavement design parameters were evaluated; and their impact on the results was investigated.
Permeability is the property that governs the rate of flow of a fluid into a porous solid like concrete. The main factors affecting permeability in concrete are the water-cement ratio, cement properties, aggregate size and grading, curing methods, and age of the concrete. A higher water-cement ratio results in more capillary pores in the concrete, increasing permeability. Proper curing and the ongoing hydration process over time causes the permeability of concrete to decrease as capillary pores reduce in size and number. High permeability in concrete can lead to issues like corrosion of reinforcement and damage from frost.
This document outlines 8 techniques for repairing cracks in concrete structures: 1) Sealing with epoxies, 2) Routing and sealing, 3) Stitching, 4) External stressing, 5) Overlays, 6) Grouting, 7) Blanketing, and 8) Autogenous healing. Sealing with epoxies involves injecting epoxy compounds into cracks at high pressure. Routing and sealing enlarges cracks and fills them with sealants. Stitching reestablishes tensile strength across major cracks using metal units drilled into crack walls. External stressing closes cracks by applying compression to overcome tensile stresses. Overlays provide a sealed surface for multiple cracks. Grouting is an alternative
This document studied the effect of adding waste rubber to concrete. It conducted tests with concrete mixtures replacing the coarse aggregates with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 50% and 100% rubber by volume. The results showed that as the percentage of rubber replacement increased, the compressive strength, slump, and density of the concrete decreased. However, adding rubber improves the concrete's elasticity and deformation properties while providing an environmentally friendly way to dispose of waste tires. The study concluded that rubberized concrete is most suitable for applications not requiring high strength, such as concrete pavements.
This presentation includes in how many ways plastic can be used in soil stabilization. It covers how a waste material can be used without any additional increase in cost.
it is useful for getting the information about the impact of human hair on the concrete. and variance of the mechanical properties of concrete like compessive strength, flexural strength, shatter resistance and spllitting tensile strength etc...
This document discusses a study investigating the behavior of concrete with the addition of crumb rubber. A group of civil engineering students at Sharda University conducted an experiment replacing sand in concrete mixes with crumb rubber. The goal was to address the environmental challenge of waste tire disposal and explore potential uses of crumb rubber in concrete. The study examined the compressive and split tensile strengths of rubberized concrete mixes compared to normal concrete. There was a decline in compressive strength but increased ductility when crumb rubber was added. The document proposes uses for rubberized concrete in lightweight construction and infrastructure where shock absorption is beneficial.
This document discusses various rehabilitation and retrofitting methods for concrete structures. It describes 6 stages of repair including concrete removal, surface preparation, formwork installation, applying bonding coats, and repair application. Various repair methods are outlined, such as repairs using mortars, dry packing, shotcrete, concrete replacement, epoxy overlays, and jacketing. Factors to consider for selection of repair methods include the type and extent of distress and environmental exposure. The objectives of repair are to reinstate structural integrity, prevent moisture ingress, and maintain appearance.
Concrete is a major waste in construction Industry. It needs to be recycled to make a waste free environment. So how concrete is recycled, which type of concrete can be recycled, where it can be used is mentioned in this ppt.
Use of plastic waste in road construction. SULAKSHYA GAUR
This document discusses using plastic waste in road construction. Plastic waste like bags and bottles are shredded then mixed with heated bitumen and aggregates. This mixture is used to construct roads similarly to normal tar roads. Using plastic waste increases the strength and performance of the road while reducing costs. It also helps reduce plastic waste in landfills and generates jobs for waste pickers. However, there are concerns about toxins leaching from the plastic during construction and use of the road over time. More research is still needed but plastic roads show promise as a more sustainable construction material.
Effect of coconut fibre in concrete and to improve thehsaam hsaam
This document discusses the use of coconut fibre in concrete. Coconut fibre is extracted from the outer shell of coconuts and is one of the most ductile and tough natural fibres. It has high tensile strength and is capable of withstanding strains 4-6 times more than other natural fibres. The objective of the study is to enhance the strength properties of concrete by adding coconut fibre. Different tests will be conducted on fresh and hardened concrete with coconut fibre added at various percentages to determine workability and strength properties. The study will also investigate the effect of incorporating a superplasticizer to improve workability of concrete containing coconut fibre.
The design of Elements of Lifts and Escalator from Civil Engineering point of view. Mainly Raft foundation, Machine Foundation, and Shear walls are discussed.
This document discusses structural analysis methods for statically indeterminate structures. It defines key terms like degree of static indeterminacy, internal and external redundancy, and methods for analyzing indeterminate structures. Specific methods discussed include the flexibility matrix method, consistent deformation method, and unit load method. Examples of statically indeterminate beams and frames are also provided.
1) The document discusses using low density plastic waste in asphalt pavement to help address the growing problem of plastic waste. Plastic waste is shredded and used to coat aggregates, which are then mixed with bitumen to make asphalt.
2) Test results found the plastic-coated aggregate modified asphalt mix showed higher strength than conventional asphalt. Using plastic waste in this way helps reduce the need for bitumen in asphalt mixes.
3) The process and results suggest plastic waste can be effectively utilized in road construction, providing environmental and economic benefits over disposal in landfills.
This document discusses a project on using rubber waste as coarse aggregate in concrete paver blocks. It lists the names of 10 students who conducted the project under the guidance of Er. Himanshu. The students acknowledge the support and guidance received from their HOD, guide, staff members and other supervisors. The document then provides an abstract explaining the aim of using waste materials like rubber in construction to reduce environmental impact. It also provides an introduction describing the need for alternative aggregates due to shortage and issues with natural aggregates. The remainder of the document outlines the table of contents for the project report.
This document discusses the durability and permeability of concrete. It defines durability as the ability to last a long time without significant deterioration. Permeability is defined as the property that governs the rate of flow of a fluid into a porous solid. The document discusses factors that affect the durability and permeability of concrete such as water-cement ratio, cement properties, aggregate type and quality, curing methods, and use of admixtures. Maintaining a low water-cement ratio and limiting chloride and sulfate levels in concrete are important for ensuring durability.
The document is an exam for a course on low cost housing techniques. It contains 8 questions covering topics like existing finance systems in India, urban land regulation acts, innovative and cost effective construction techniques, alternative building materials, low cost infrastructure services, soil stabilization techniques, housing in disaster prone areas, and short notes on earthquake strengthening measures, soil stabilization, and single brick thick load bearing walls. Students have to choose 5 questions to answer in the 3 hour exam worth a total of 60 marks.
This document discusses concepts and methods related to low-cost housing. It defines low-cost housing as reducing construction costs without compromising building strength or performance. Common methods discussed for reducing costs include using locally available materials, traditional construction techniques, reducing plinth heights and wall thicknesses, and decreasing architectural features. However, the document notes that reducing costs by sacrificing quality, durability or maintainability is a misconception. True economy is achieved through efficient management of resources and adopting high-quality, locally-appropriate designs and materials.
1) The document discusses fly ash and fly ash bricks. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants and is commonly used to make fly ash bricks.
2) Fly ash bricks are manufactured by mixing fly ash with water, compressing it, and curing in steam. They have advantages over traditional clay bricks like higher strength and durability.
3) Establishing a fly ash brick production business requires land, machinery, raw materials, and generates employment. The document provides details on setting up and operating a small-scale fly ash brick production business.
Use of Plastic Waste in Construction of flexible Pavement: A Creative Waste M...Amit Tyagi
This document discusses using plastic waste in the construction of flexible pavements. It begins by outlining the large amount of plastic waste generated in India annually and issues with disposal. It then describes how laboratory studies showed incorporating shredded plastic waste into bituminous mixes can improve mix properties. The methodology explained coats aggregates with melted plastic waste and bitumen at high temperatures. Roads constructed with this material showed benefits like increased durability, load capacity, and reduced cracking. Using plastic waste in road construction provides an effective waste management solution.
This document summarizes the design of a one-way slab for a multi-story building. Key steps include:
1) Determining the effective span is 3.125m based on the room dimensions and support thickness.
2) Calculating the factored bending moment of 5.722 kNm/m based on the loads and effective span.
3) Checking that the provided depth of 150mm is greater than the required depth of 45.53mm.
4) Sizing the main reinforcement as 130mm^2 based on the factored moment and concrete properties.
5) Specifying 10mm diameter bars spaced at 300mm centers along the shorter span.
Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by using Agricultural Waste with P...ijtsrd
Portland cement as ingredient in concrete is one of the fundamental development materials generally utilized particularly in creating nations. The expanding interest for concrete is relied upon to be met by fractional bond substitution. The look for elective fastener or concrete substitution materials prompted the disclosure of possibilities of utilizing modern side effects and farming squanders as cementitious materials. A portion of the waste items which have pozzolanic properties and which have been considered for use in mixed bonds incorporate wood fiery debris, fly powder, Silica smolder, Volcanic cinder, copper slag, quarry dust, Rice husk cinder . It is a waste material coming about because of the mechanical processing or preparing of timber into different shapes and sizes. The issues of profitability, economy, quality and condition, they need to rival other development materials. In this investigation three sorts of squanders materials wood ash, sugar cane bagase ash and rice husk ash and ordinary aggregate were utilized for preparing cube specimens. There are M25 grade of blended extent are use. Squander materials are use in concrete with the substitution bond of 4 , 8 , 12 and 16 . These beams, cylinder and cube are tries on 7, 14, and 28 days. The compressive quality, flexural quality, and tensile strength are determined with the help of UTM and CTM machine. Prabhjot Singh Devgun | Dr. P. K. Singhai | Prof. A. K Jha "Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by using Agricultural Waste with Partial Replacement of Cement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33461.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33461/effect-on-compressive-strength-of-concrete-by-using-agricultural-waste-with-partial-replacement-of-cement/prabhjot-singh-devgun
Use of Recyclable Material in Civil ConstructionYogeshIJTSRD
In today’s scenario the cement concrete is one of the most widely used construction material in the world. Increase in the population growth is leads to increase in the demands of various fields like cultivation, transportation and building construction etc. Nowadays, there is a very much increase in the demand for construction works like residential buildings, commercial buildings, bridges, dams, roads etc. and because of this increase in demand the availability of resources for the cement concrete ingredients is getting very complex. Hence people are looking for the alternative resources for the concrete ingredients in order to meet their requirements. This thesis work deals with the study of physical properties of the cement concrete with using Used Aggregate in the cement concrete mixture. The major objective of this research work is to determine that what percentage of Used Aggregate can be utilized in the cement concrete mixture to achieve its target mean strength. In this research work it is concentrated on the use of Used Aggregate in the cement concrete mixture. A series of tests were carried out to determine the compressive strength, split tensile strength with and without addition of Used Aggregate. The use of recyclable material in cement concrete mixture also helps in preservation of the environment by saving the natural resources. However, in coming few decades, it can raise new challenges for the construction industry. It is essential to investigate the properties of fresh and hardened concrete to encourage and escalate its application in the civil engineering construction industry. This research investigates the properties of fresh and hardened concrete made with different quantity Used Aggregate in the cement concrete mix. Arpit Mathur | R. C. Patil "Use of Recyclable Material in Civil Construction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd41102.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/41102/use-of-recyclable-material-in-civil-construction/arpit-mathur
it is useful for getting the information about the impact of human hair on the concrete. and variance of the mechanical properties of concrete like compessive strength, flexural strength, shatter resistance and spllitting tensile strength etc...
This document discusses a study investigating the behavior of concrete with the addition of crumb rubber. A group of civil engineering students at Sharda University conducted an experiment replacing sand in concrete mixes with crumb rubber. The goal was to address the environmental challenge of waste tire disposal and explore potential uses of crumb rubber in concrete. The study examined the compressive and split tensile strengths of rubberized concrete mixes compared to normal concrete. There was a decline in compressive strength but increased ductility when crumb rubber was added. The document proposes uses for rubberized concrete in lightweight construction and infrastructure where shock absorption is beneficial.
This document discusses various rehabilitation and retrofitting methods for concrete structures. It describes 6 stages of repair including concrete removal, surface preparation, formwork installation, applying bonding coats, and repair application. Various repair methods are outlined, such as repairs using mortars, dry packing, shotcrete, concrete replacement, epoxy overlays, and jacketing. Factors to consider for selection of repair methods include the type and extent of distress and environmental exposure. The objectives of repair are to reinstate structural integrity, prevent moisture ingress, and maintain appearance.
Concrete is a major waste in construction Industry. It needs to be recycled to make a waste free environment. So how concrete is recycled, which type of concrete can be recycled, where it can be used is mentioned in this ppt.
Use of plastic waste in road construction. SULAKSHYA GAUR
This document discusses using plastic waste in road construction. Plastic waste like bags and bottles are shredded then mixed with heated bitumen and aggregates. This mixture is used to construct roads similarly to normal tar roads. Using plastic waste increases the strength and performance of the road while reducing costs. It also helps reduce plastic waste in landfills and generates jobs for waste pickers. However, there are concerns about toxins leaching from the plastic during construction and use of the road over time. More research is still needed but plastic roads show promise as a more sustainable construction material.
Effect of coconut fibre in concrete and to improve thehsaam hsaam
This document discusses the use of coconut fibre in concrete. Coconut fibre is extracted from the outer shell of coconuts and is one of the most ductile and tough natural fibres. It has high tensile strength and is capable of withstanding strains 4-6 times more than other natural fibres. The objective of the study is to enhance the strength properties of concrete by adding coconut fibre. Different tests will be conducted on fresh and hardened concrete with coconut fibre added at various percentages to determine workability and strength properties. The study will also investigate the effect of incorporating a superplasticizer to improve workability of concrete containing coconut fibre.
The design of Elements of Lifts and Escalator from Civil Engineering point of view. Mainly Raft foundation, Machine Foundation, and Shear walls are discussed.
This document discusses structural analysis methods for statically indeterminate structures. It defines key terms like degree of static indeterminacy, internal and external redundancy, and methods for analyzing indeterminate structures. Specific methods discussed include the flexibility matrix method, consistent deformation method, and unit load method. Examples of statically indeterminate beams and frames are also provided.
1) The document discusses using low density plastic waste in asphalt pavement to help address the growing problem of plastic waste. Plastic waste is shredded and used to coat aggregates, which are then mixed with bitumen to make asphalt.
2) Test results found the plastic-coated aggregate modified asphalt mix showed higher strength than conventional asphalt. Using plastic waste in this way helps reduce the need for bitumen in asphalt mixes.
3) The process and results suggest plastic waste can be effectively utilized in road construction, providing environmental and economic benefits over disposal in landfills.
This document discusses a project on using rubber waste as coarse aggregate in concrete paver blocks. It lists the names of 10 students who conducted the project under the guidance of Er. Himanshu. The students acknowledge the support and guidance received from their HOD, guide, staff members and other supervisors. The document then provides an abstract explaining the aim of using waste materials like rubber in construction to reduce environmental impact. It also provides an introduction describing the need for alternative aggregates due to shortage and issues with natural aggregates. The remainder of the document outlines the table of contents for the project report.
This document discusses the durability and permeability of concrete. It defines durability as the ability to last a long time without significant deterioration. Permeability is defined as the property that governs the rate of flow of a fluid into a porous solid. The document discusses factors that affect the durability and permeability of concrete such as water-cement ratio, cement properties, aggregate type and quality, curing methods, and use of admixtures. Maintaining a low water-cement ratio and limiting chloride and sulfate levels in concrete are important for ensuring durability.
The document is an exam for a course on low cost housing techniques. It contains 8 questions covering topics like existing finance systems in India, urban land regulation acts, innovative and cost effective construction techniques, alternative building materials, low cost infrastructure services, soil stabilization techniques, housing in disaster prone areas, and short notes on earthquake strengthening measures, soil stabilization, and single brick thick load bearing walls. Students have to choose 5 questions to answer in the 3 hour exam worth a total of 60 marks.
This document discusses concepts and methods related to low-cost housing. It defines low-cost housing as reducing construction costs without compromising building strength or performance. Common methods discussed for reducing costs include using locally available materials, traditional construction techniques, reducing plinth heights and wall thicknesses, and decreasing architectural features. However, the document notes that reducing costs by sacrificing quality, durability or maintainability is a misconception. True economy is achieved through efficient management of resources and adopting high-quality, locally-appropriate designs and materials.
1) The document discusses fly ash and fly ash bricks. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants and is commonly used to make fly ash bricks.
2) Fly ash bricks are manufactured by mixing fly ash with water, compressing it, and curing in steam. They have advantages over traditional clay bricks like higher strength and durability.
3) Establishing a fly ash brick production business requires land, machinery, raw materials, and generates employment. The document provides details on setting up and operating a small-scale fly ash brick production business.
Use of Plastic Waste in Construction of flexible Pavement: A Creative Waste M...Amit Tyagi
This document discusses using plastic waste in the construction of flexible pavements. It begins by outlining the large amount of plastic waste generated in India annually and issues with disposal. It then describes how laboratory studies showed incorporating shredded plastic waste into bituminous mixes can improve mix properties. The methodology explained coats aggregates with melted plastic waste and bitumen at high temperatures. Roads constructed with this material showed benefits like increased durability, load capacity, and reduced cracking. Using plastic waste in road construction provides an effective waste management solution.
This document summarizes the design of a one-way slab for a multi-story building. Key steps include:
1) Determining the effective span is 3.125m based on the room dimensions and support thickness.
2) Calculating the factored bending moment of 5.722 kNm/m based on the loads and effective span.
3) Checking that the provided depth of 150mm is greater than the required depth of 45.53mm.
4) Sizing the main reinforcement as 130mm^2 based on the factored moment and concrete properties.
5) Specifying 10mm diameter bars spaced at 300mm centers along the shorter span.
Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by using Agricultural Waste with P...ijtsrd
Portland cement as ingredient in concrete is one of the fundamental development materials generally utilized particularly in creating nations. The expanding interest for concrete is relied upon to be met by fractional bond substitution. The look for elective fastener or concrete substitution materials prompted the disclosure of possibilities of utilizing modern side effects and farming squanders as cementitious materials. A portion of the waste items which have pozzolanic properties and which have been considered for use in mixed bonds incorporate wood fiery debris, fly powder, Silica smolder, Volcanic cinder, copper slag, quarry dust, Rice husk cinder . It is a waste material coming about because of the mechanical processing or preparing of timber into different shapes and sizes. The issues of profitability, economy, quality and condition, they need to rival other development materials. In this investigation three sorts of squanders materials wood ash, sugar cane bagase ash and rice husk ash and ordinary aggregate were utilized for preparing cube specimens. There are M25 grade of blended extent are use. Squander materials are use in concrete with the substitution bond of 4 , 8 , 12 and 16 . These beams, cylinder and cube are tries on 7, 14, and 28 days. The compressive quality, flexural quality, and tensile strength are determined with the help of UTM and CTM machine. Prabhjot Singh Devgun | Dr. P. K. Singhai | Prof. A. K Jha "Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by using Agricultural Waste with Partial Replacement of Cement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33461.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33461/effect-on-compressive-strength-of-concrete-by-using-agricultural-waste-with-partial-replacement-of-cement/prabhjot-singh-devgun
Use of Recyclable Material in Civil ConstructionYogeshIJTSRD
In today’s scenario the cement concrete is one of the most widely used construction material in the world. Increase in the population growth is leads to increase in the demands of various fields like cultivation, transportation and building construction etc. Nowadays, there is a very much increase in the demand for construction works like residential buildings, commercial buildings, bridges, dams, roads etc. and because of this increase in demand the availability of resources for the cement concrete ingredients is getting very complex. Hence people are looking for the alternative resources for the concrete ingredients in order to meet their requirements. This thesis work deals with the study of physical properties of the cement concrete with using Used Aggregate in the cement concrete mixture. The major objective of this research work is to determine that what percentage of Used Aggregate can be utilized in the cement concrete mixture to achieve its target mean strength. In this research work it is concentrated on the use of Used Aggregate in the cement concrete mixture. A series of tests were carried out to determine the compressive strength, split tensile strength with and without addition of Used Aggregate. The use of recyclable material in cement concrete mixture also helps in preservation of the environment by saving the natural resources. However, in coming few decades, it can raise new challenges for the construction industry. It is essential to investigate the properties of fresh and hardened concrete to encourage and escalate its application in the civil engineering construction industry. This research investigates the properties of fresh and hardened concrete made with different quantity Used Aggregate in the cement concrete mix. Arpit Mathur | R. C. Patil "Use of Recyclable Material in Civil Construction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd41102.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/41102/use-of-recyclable-material-in-civil-construction/arpit-mathur
Evaluation of Demolition Waste Aggregates in Paver Blocks for Medium Trafficijtsrd
In India, total building waste is projected to be between 12 and 14 million tonnes per year, with concrete and brick trash accounting for 7 to 8 million tonnes. Concrete trash is generated in vast quantities during construction, demolition, and renovation. This trash is either disposed of in a landfill or diverted to one. This concrete waste can be recycled in a high quality manner. We offer the notion of sustainable use of concrete waste in concrete that can be utilised to make interlocking paver blocks in this study. After crushing, this concrete waste can be used as a total or half replacement for coarse and fine aggregates in paver blocks in two steps, according to IS. Deepak Brijpuria | Abhay Kumar Jha | Barun Kumar | Rajesh Kumar Misra "Evaluation of Demolition Waste Aggregates in Paver Blocks for Medium Traffic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46338.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46338/evaluation-of-demolition-waste-aggregates-in-paver-blocks-for-medium-traffic/deepak-brijpuria
STUDY ON USE OF WASTE MATERIAL IN RIGID PAVEMENT AND FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTIRJET Journal
This document discusses using waste materials like sugarcane bagasse ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag as partial replacements for cement in rigid pavement construction. It first reviews previous studies on using various waste substances in concrete that found replacement levels of 5-30% can be suitable. The objectives of the current study are to determine optimal replacement percentages of the wastes to maximize cost-effectiveness and properties of the pavement concrete. Various tests are conducted on concrete mixes with different replacement levels to evaluate properties like compressive strength. The results show compressive strengths are highest with 10% replacement of cement with the wastes.
Investigating the Properties of Cement Concrete Containing M Sand as Fine Agg...ijtsrd
M sand also called artificial sand or crushed sand, the prepared by crushing rocks, stones, or larger aggregates into small size particles in the quarry. The study is aimed at the complete replacement of conventional material like river sand used as fine aggregate. By using M sand manufactured sand crushed sand . M sand here acts as a fine aggregate in the cement concrete. The experiment is carried out by finding the value of slump, compressive strength, and split tensile strength. Natural fine aggregate is replaced by M sand to complete mix proportion in the concrete. M sand shares similar properties as conventional Fine Aggregates and gives good split tensile and compressive strength to the concrete. The results are compared with the control mix of design mix M30. The specimens are tested after 7 days and 28 days of curing. Complete replacement of fine aggregate with manufactured sand concrete makes the cost of construction can be controlled. Strength, workability, and durability test also studied. Compressive strength is the most important property of concrete it is also increasing. Complete replacement of fine aggregate with crushed sand production of concrete increasing. It is dust free in M sand which is a good sign to do the replacement. Environment preservation and natural resources conservation is the soul of country development.The application of crushed sand mix for residential building structural members such as column, beam, slab, and foundation and plastering are also elicited. The study brings out the fact that it is also more economical than the typical cement concrete.The findings of this research call for the safe use of manufactured sand. Economical concrete mix is a very useful material for construction, which offers a range of economic, technical, and environmental enhancing and preserving advantages and is destined to become a dominant material for construction in the new era. With increasing structure construction work, its availability and less transportation cost also an important factor as an alternative for river sand. Ankit Pandey | Afzal Khan "Investigating the Properties of Cement Concrete Containing M-Sand as Fine Aggregate for M30 Grade Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd53978.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/civil-engineering/53978/investigating-the-properties-of-cement-concrete-containing-msand-as-fine-aggregate-for-m30-grade-concrete/ankit-pandey
IRJET - An Experimantal Study on Behaviour of Hollow Fly Ash Concrete Blocks ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of hollow fly ash concrete blocks as a replacement for conventional bricks. Various mix designs were tested to improve the mechanical properties of the blocks. The compressive strength, water absorption, modulus of rupture, and dry density of newly manufactured hollow fly ash concrete blocks were compared to traditionally made blocks. Results showed that the proposed mix ratios significantly increased the compressive strength and decreased the water absorption of the hollow fly ash concrete blocks compared to the original mixes. Sixteen blocks were tested based on four mix designs with varying fly ash content. The mix with 20% fly ash content performed best in terms of compressive strength and other properties.
IRJET- Manufacturing of Pavement Block by using Waste Plastic and Sea SandIRJET Journal
The document discusses using waste plastic and sea sand to manufacture pavement blocks. Plastic waste production in India is around 56 lakh tons per year but plastic takes centuries to degrade. The project aims to reduce environmental pollution by using shredded and melted waste plastic mixed with sea sand in ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 to produce pavement blocks. Testing found the blocks have sufficient strength for uses like footpaths and parking areas, helping reduce plastic waste. The best strength results were obtained with a 1:2 ratio of sand to plastic. The plastic pavement blocks were comparable to conventional cement concrete blocks. The project provides a way to reuse plastic waste.
Performance of High Strength Concrete – Partially Replacing Fine Aggregate wi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the use of manufactured sand (M-sand) as a partial replacement for natural sand in high-strength concrete. The researchers created concrete mixes with M-sand replacing natural sand at 20%, 40%, and 60% replacement rates. The mixes were tested to determine the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths. Previous studies have found that M-sand can provide up to 40% cost savings compared to natural sand and exhibits better physical properties for use in concrete. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum replacement level of natural sand with M-sand that provides the highest strengths for a M40 grade high-strength concrete mix.
Analytical Study of Recycled Concrete Aggregate as Partial Replacement of Nat...ijtsrd
The development of any country relies upon the transportation modes, networks and the manners by which they are being kept up with. Similar turns out to be true for second highest populated and developing country like India. For interfacing the regions and keeping up with smooth progression of traffic, the construction of new and developed roads are a must. A similar will be accomplished with the execution of the Bharatmala project. Under the plan, a large group of new roads will be set down in the country. Total road construction as per the draft of the scheme, government and the ministry will strive to complete new roads, which will add up to a 34, 800 kms. National highways account for 2 of the total road network and carry over 40 of complete traffic. Highway development in India expanded at 17.00 CAGR between FY16 FY21. In spite of pandemic and lockdown, India has developed 13,298 km of highways in FY21. In FY21, 13,298 kms of highway was developed across India. India Union Minister Nitin Gadkari announced that India holds the world record for fastest road construction. India has entered Guinness World Records by building a 2.5 km 4 lane concrete road within 24 hours. National Highways Authority of India NHAI plans to construct national highways in 2022 23 at a pace of 50 km per day.The need for sustainable bitumen highway design and construction is becoming a priority within the transportation industry. This trend is necessitated by the high diminishing rate of construction materials, pressing demand on existing landfill sites, rising dumping fees, and reduced emissions into the environment. Recycled Concrete Aggregates RCA as sustainable aggregates in Hot Mix Asphalt HMA is therefore investigated in this research article. This study examined the incorporation of various fractions of RCA at 25 , 50 , 75 and 100 replacement to fresh aggregate. Harman Singh | Shivani "Analytical Study of Recycled Concrete Aggregate as Partial Replacement of Natural Aggregate in Bitumen Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50306.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/50306/analytical-study-of-recycled-concrete-aggregate-as-partial-replacement-of-natural-aggregate-in-bitumen-concrete/harman-singh
IRJET- Application of Waste Plastic and Foundry Sand in Concrete BlocksIRJET Journal
This document discusses using waste plastic and foundry sand in concrete blocks to address environmental issues. It aims to partially replace fine sand in concrete mixes with processed plastic waste to tackle plastic waste and low recycling rates. Foundry sand produced from metal casting industries is also considered as a replacement as its improper disposal causes problems. The study will examine properties like slump, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and elastic modulus of concrete blocks with replacements of plastic waste and foundry sand. Previous research found increased compressive strengths with foundry sand replacements up to 50% and normal workability with plastic replacements up to 20%. This research will provide an environmentally friendly way to utilize waste materials in construction.
Modifications of construction materials have an important bearing on the building sector. Several attempts have been therefore made in the building material industry to put to use waste material products, e.g., worn out tyres, into useful and cost effective items. Success in this regard will contribute to the reduction of waste material dumping problems by utilizing the waste materials as raw material for other products. The present proposal involves a comprehensive laboratory study for the newer application of this waste material in the preparation of fibrous concrete. The primary objective of investigation is to study the strength behavior i.e. compressive strength, impact resistance of rubberized concrete with rubber chips. Volume variation of rubber chips with replacement to course aggregate. The proposed work is aimed to study the effect of volume of rubber chips on the compressive strength. Chetak A. Waghmare | Dr. P. P. Saklecha | Prof. M. M. Lohe "Experimental Study on Rubberized Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43718.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/structural-engineering/43718/experimental-study-on-rubberized-concrete/chetak-a-waghmare
Investigation on Properties of Concrete as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggr...ijtsrd
This investigation presents a comprehensive review on various aspects Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete concerning the behavior, applications and performance of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Various issues related to the manufacture and strength of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced is also discussed. There are many forms of industrial by products and waste materials. The use of such materials in concrete not solely makes it economical, but also helps in reducing disposal considerations. WFS are major byproduct of metal casting trade and with success used as a land filling material for several years. In a trial to use the WFS in construction materials, analysis has being applied for its potential utilization in creating concrete as partial replacement of fine combination. Anshu Kumar | Afzal Khan "Investigation on Properties of Concrete as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate and Sand using Polypropylene Fiber with Foundry Sand for Rigid Pavement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52592.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/52592/investigation-on-properties-of-concrete-as-partial-replacement-of-coarse-aggregate-and-sand-using-polypropylene-fiber-with-foundry-sand-for-rigid-pavement/anshu-kumar
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Concrete with different Waste Stone Aggr...IRJET Journal
The document reports on an experimental investigation of using different waste stone aggregates as partial replacements for coarse aggregates in concrete. Tests were conducted to evaluate the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and durability of concrete containing waste stone aggregates like ceramic tile aggregate, granite aggregate, and shabath stone aggregate compared to normal aggregate concrete. The results showed that waste granite aggregate concrete performed better than the other aggregates in terms of strength and durability.
IRJET - Increase in Strength of Concrete by using Waste Plastic Bottle Ca...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that investigated using waste plastic bottle caps as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete. The study found that:
1) Replacing up to 7.5% of coarse aggregate with crushed waste plastic bottle caps increased the compressive strength of concrete compared to normal concrete at both 7 and 28 days. Strength started decreasing at higher replacement levels.
2) Flexural strength also increased when 5% of coarse aggregate was replaced, but started decreasing at higher replacement levels.
3) Workability of the concrete decreased as the percentage of bottle caps increased.
The study concluded that waste plastic bottle caps can effectively replace up to 7.5% of coarse aggregate in concrete, improving
Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Property of Concreteijtsrd
A well maintained infrastructure is a fundamental necessity for a modern society that provides great value, but ensuring that it meets all the requirements is challenging. Concrete as a construction material is in use for several decades. Concrete can withstand the severest environments and engineers are constantly trying to improve its performance with the aid of modern admixtures and waste materials with or without cementious properties. The use of waste material in concrete helps to consume these waste materials and also improves the properties of concrete in fresh and hydrated states.Civil structures are designed considering the target compressive strength of the concrete. Although, few other parameters such as workability, water to cement ratio, setting time of cement and surface hardness influence the performance of concrete.In the present research a series of experiments had been performed to compare the use of Steel Slag as partial replacement of cement in different proportions. Concrete mixes are modified by 5 10 , 15 , 20 and 25 of Steel Slag as replacement of cement.The main conclusions drawn are inclusion of Steel Slag increases the compressive strength up to a certain proportion and then reduces the strength. Steel powder increases the strength but reduces the workability. Comparatively higher early strength gain 3 days, 14 days, 28 days is obtained with Steel Slag concrete. Pushpa | Mr. Ravi Prakash Sharma "Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Property of Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49129.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/49129/effect-of-steel-slag-as-partial-replacement-of-cement-on-property-of-concrete/pushpa
A Study on Strength of Reinforced Flyash with Randomly Distributed FibersIJERD Editor
This study investigated the strength properties of flyash reinforced with randomly distributed plastic and coir fibers. Laboratory tests including direct shear tests and CBR tests were conducted on flyash mixtures with different percentages of plastic and coir fibers (0-0.5% plastic, 0-0.3% coir). The following results were obtained:
1) The optimum percentages for maximum strength were found to be 0.3% plastic fibers and 0.2% coir fibers based on the highest shear strength parameters and CBR values observed.
2) Flyash reinforced with plastic fibers showed better performance than flyash with coir, with higher shear strength and CBR at the optimum percentages.
3) Both
Effect on High Grade Concrete Due to Partial Replacement of Rice Hush Ash and...ijtsrd
India is the second largest producer of cement in the world. It accounts for more than 8 of the global installed capacity. The pollutants commonly emitted by cement plants are dust or particulate matter, NOx, SOx, carbon oxides and methane, among others. Cement being the major contributor to air pollution, an approximate number of 4,90,000 annual deaths may be attributed to emissions from the cement industry. Cement is the need of growing infrastructure and real estate and researchers are trying for some alternative materials of cement which will not only partially replace the cement content but also improves its strength. In this research work the Rice Husk Ash RHA and steel fiber SF are used as partial replacement. The analysis has been carried out for percentage with proportions of 0 , 5 , 10 , 15 , 20 and 25 RHA by weight of cement in addition to that combined effect of adding various percentage of SF of 0.5 , 1 and 1.5 to obtain optimum result. The analytical study concluded that mix 10 RHA and 1.5 SF is the optimum combination among all mixes. Yashwantrao Vishal Sharad Sharmila | Ankita Ramchandra Bhoir | M. D Daniyal "Effect on High Grade Concrete Due to Partial Replacement of Rice Hush Ash and Steel Fiber" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50564.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/50564/effect-on-high-grade-concrete-due-to-partial-replacement-of-rice-hush-ash-and-steel-fiber/yashwantrao-vishal-sharad-sharmila
CASTING AND EVALUATING THE INTERLOCKING BRICKS USING ORGANIC WASTE MATERIAL.IRJET Journal
The document discusses casting and evaluating interlocking bricks using organic waste material like textile sludge. Bricks containing 15% textile sludge showed the best results with a compressive strength of 3.98 N/mm2 and water absorption of 15%, compared to conventional bricks. The study concludes that using a 15% mixture of textile sludge and clay in interlocking bricks produces strong, environmentally-friendly construction materials while utilizing industrial waste.
A Research on Study the Behaviour of Concrete using Waste Tires Chipsijtsrd
Concrete is one in all the principal wide utilized development materials in the world. Regular assets rises a developing worry for shielding the environmental factors and a need to save common assets, by different material which territory unit reused or waste materials during this examination, an investigation was applied on the work of reused elastic tires as a fractional substitution for coarse Aggregates in Concrete development utilizing provincially reachable waste tires. In the principal a piece of this proposal, the foundation of the investigation The examination was applied by leading tests on the Waste materials to see their properties and reasonableness for the analysis. Concrete Was prepared comprising of 3 Concrete evaluations M20 and M25 . The examples were made with extent substitutions of the coarse blend by ten, twenty five and fifty endeavor elastic blend. Besides, an orientation join with no substitution of the coarse blend was made to make a similar examination. The arrangements of tests led are droop, unit weight, compressive quality, lastingness, sway obstruction and flexural quality tests. the data collection was predominantly upheld the tests led on the prepared examples inside the research center. The check results were contrasted and the few run of the mill Concrete properties and show that theres a rebate in compressive quality of the Concrete as a result of the consideration of elastic Aggregates. yet this could constrain its utilization in some auxiliary applications, it has hardly any alluring attributes like lower thickness, higher effect opposition, expanded versatility, and a little increment in flexural quality inside the lower compressive quality Concrete classifications. the outcomes demonstrate that its capability to utilize reused elastic tires in Concrete development as a halfway swap for coarse Aggregates. no different, the extent of substitution should be confined to a minor amount and furthermore the application should be limited to express cases any place the improved properties due to the elastic Aggregates zone unit entrancing. Anuj Nehra | Er. Nitin Thakur "A Research on Study the Behaviour of Concrete using Waste Tires Chips" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33447.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33447/a-research-on-study-the-behaviour-of-concrete-using-waste-tires-chips/anuj-nehra
IRJET- An Experimental Study on Effect of Replacing Natural Sand by Artif...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the effect of replacing natural sand with artificial sand in concrete properties. Natural sand is being depleted due to excessive construction and environmental issues. The study explores using artificial sands like wash sand, foundry sand, and crushed sand as replacements for natural sand in concrete mix designs. The compressive strengths of concrete cubes made with different sand replacements were tested after 7 and 28 days and compared to a control concrete made with natural sand. The results showed compressive strengths were lower when using artificial sands compared to natural sand, with foundry sand showing the largest decrease in strength. However, artificial sands show potential as partial replacements for natural sand in concrete.
Similar to Evolution Properties of Paver Blocks Using Waste Foundry Sand in Concrete (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47703 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 1720
passengers waiting sheds, bus stops, industry and
other public places. The product is commonly used in
urban areas for the above applications. Hence, the
unit may be set up in urban and semi urban areas,
near the market. Interlocking Pavers are the modern
day solution for low cost outdoor application. Paver
block is solid, unreinforced pre-cast cement concrete
paving units used in the surface course of pavement.
They are high strength concrete precast elements in
various shapes, sizes & colors to suit the imagination
of landscape architects & nature's essence. By
improving its compressive strength it can be used in
heavy traffic area also. Interlocking pavers are
manufactured concrete product that is individually
placed in a variety of patterns and shapes as per the
requirement. They do not absorb water and can be
placed so that excess water is taken away from the
garden and patio area rather than over-saturating it.
Color, texture and size options provide a virtually
infinite array of design possibilities. Concrete block
paving also allows for integrated navigation, hazard
warning and zoning information. By using variations
in color, texture and size, concrete block paving can
mark parking spaces and pathways, vehicle access
routes and loading zones. The range also includes
integrated and complementary edging and kerbing
options to achieve a consistent, high-quality finish.
This type of pavement will absorb stress such as
small earthquakes, freezes and thaws, and slight
ground erosion by flexing.
II. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH WORK:
The main objective of this research of is given below:
1. To study the effect of varying percentage of Nylon
Fiber on compressive strength of paver block.
2. To examine the effect of waste foundry sand in
M40 i.e. (high grade of concrete).
3. To attain the required specific strength in control
mix.
4. To compare the mechanical properties i.e.
(compressive strength, and flexural strength) of
concrete containing waste foundry sand by
partially replacing regular sand with conventional
mix.
5. To find the optimum percentage of nylon fiber on
which maximum compressive strength is
achieved.
6. To study the compressive strength of paver block
on effect of varying percentage of Waste foundry
sand and optimum quantity of Nylon fiber.
Figure 1: Different types of paver blocks
III. LITRATURE RIVEW
Akshay T. Gadhave et.al (2020) Environmental
issues bobbing up from the over- dredging of sand
have caused regulations on its extraction throughout
India, with direct financial affects on concrete
production. A appropriate environmentally friendly
opportunity to sand have to be discovered to in shape
the huge call for from the concrete production
industry. At the equal time, waste plastic is hardly
ever recycled in India, with as a great deal as 40% left
in landfill. The dumping of such substances which
degrade at extraordinarily low charges meaning they
persist within side the surroundings is a long- term
environmental concern. To address each issue, it is
proposed to procedure waste plastic to create a partial
alternative for nice sand in a unique blend for
structural concrete. Plastic waste and its low recycling
charge make a full-size effect in the direction of the
pollutants of the surroundings. Generation of waste
foundry sand as by product of steel casting industries
reasons environmental issues due to its wrong
disposal. The parameters along with slump,
compressive energy, flexural energy, splitting tensile
energy and elastic modulus with alternative of plastic
waste and Foundry sand has to be study
Sheikh Mayesser Mushtaq et.al (2021) Concrete
being maximum considerably used creation cloth
everywhere in the globe has resulted within side the
over-exploitation of herbal sources including river-
sand and gravels. Meanwhile, advancing industries
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47703 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 1721
and growing populace have additionally result in an
improved era of waste substances. Many of those
waste substances have the ability for use in concrete.
This take a look at has investigated the impact of 1
such waste cloth called Waste Foundry Sand (WFS)
at the residences of concrete. Many researchers have
studied the impact of WFS at the mechanical
residences of concrete. However, no consensus has
been reached but and really contradictory
consequences had been reported. Moreover,
shrinkage of concrete containing WFS has now no
longer obtained lots of the researchers’ interest and
really confined literature is to be had associated with
this property. This take a look at explores the
workability, compressive power, cut up tensile power
and drying shrinkage of such concretes. WFS became
used as partial substitute of exceptional mixture and
the substitute tiers had been various from zero to 50%
in identical increments of 10%. It became located that
the compressive power and cut up tensile power of
concrete reduced with the addition of WFS. However,
the combination true WFS3 (30% WFS) confirmed
the power very much like that of manage concrete. A
giant boom of 16.7%, 23.44%, 29.05%, 36.35% and
45.18% with admire to manipulate concrete on the
age of 28 days became located within side the value
of drying shrinkage whilst the quantity of WFS in
concrete became various from 10 to 50%.
Furthermore, it became visible that the to be had
shrinkage prediction fashions couldn't be
implemented to the concrete containing waste
foundry sand.
Figure 2: Dimension of Paver Blocks
(All Dimensions are in mm)
METHODOLOGY
Manufacturing of paver blocks
In this chapter how paver block is manufactured for
experimental work is described. 80mm thick Paver
block of M-40 grade is cast for the experimental work.
For manufacturing of paver blocks certain Steps is
followed which is given below.
Size of the paver blocks
For manufacturing of paver block first we have decide
that size of the paver block, which is according to
manufacturer is given below:
Shape: I section Length: 200 mm
Width: 160 mm Thickness = 80 mm
Aspect ratio (L/T) = 200/80 = 2.5 < 4.0 as per IS
15658: 2006
Plan Area (Asp) (Method 1)
The test specimen shall be weighted, while suspended
by metal wire, and completely submerged in water,
and the weight shall be recorded in N to nearest 0.01N
(Wa). They shall be removed from water and allowed
to drain for one minute by placing them on a 10mm
coarser wire mesh. Visible water on the specimen
shall be removed with a damp cloth. The specimen
shall be immediately weighed and the weight for each
specimen noted N to the nearest 0.01N (WW). the
volume of specimen shall be calculated as follows:
Volume = (WW – Wa) 10-3
m3
The volume shall be divided by thickness to obtain
plan area in mm2
. Volume = 0.0002 m3
Area= 28589.32 mm2
SELECTION OF INGREDIENT
Cement
According to IS 15658: 2006 Ordinary Portland
Cement of Grade 53 is used, which conforming IS
12269. 53 grade cement of ultra tech with a
remarkably high cs3 (tricalcium providing long-
lasting) durability to concrete structures. Produces
highly durable and sound concrete due to very low
percentage of alkalis chlorides, magnesia Cement
used in the experimental work is Ordinary Portland
cement of grade 53 conforming to IS 12269The
physical properties of the cement obtained on
conducting appropriate tests as per IS: 269/4831.
Foundry Sand
The foundries are originated from the region of
Mesopotamia and from Iraq and Syria. Fire pits and
casting of clay worked to make shapes of silver,
copper and gold[18]. The shape of WFS is sub-
angular to round suitably, and it has an immense
thermal conductivity which is helpful in using it for
casting and moulding operations. The foundry sand
contains bentonite clay presents in very less amount
and it also acts as binder material. Furthermore,
foundry sand also contains chemical binders which
acts to create sand cores. Foundry sand is used and
recycled various times in metal casting industries for
mouldings and casting operations to a certain point
where it can no longer be reused and when it is no
longer be reused is expelled from the operation, and
the new sand is introduced and imported to this cycle.
Then, the expelled sand from the casting operations
and foundries is known as WFS. WFS is a by-product
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of metal casting industries i.e. (ferrous and non-
ferrous) which contain silica in high amount.
In metal casting industries, waste foundrysand (WFS)
is mainly characterized on the basis of binders and
binder’s system. Green sand and chemically bonded
sand are the sand used in casting process.
Nylon Fiber
The synthetic fiber using in the present investigation is
Nylon fiber. A manufactured fiber in which the fiber
forming substance is a long-chain synthetic polyamide
in which less than 85% of the amide-linkages are
attached directly (-CO-NH-) to two aliphatic groups.
A synthetic thermoplastic fiber (Nylon melts/glazes
easily at relatively low temperatures) Round, smooth,
and shiny filament fibers, cross sections can be either
trilobal to imitate silk. Its most widely used structures
are multifilament, monofilament, staple or tow and is
available as partially drawn or as finished filaments.
Regular nylon has a round cross section and is
perfectly uniform. The filaments are generally
complete transparent unless theyhave been delustered
or solution dyed. Thus, they are microscopically
recognized as glass rods. Molecular chains of nylon
are long and straight variations but have no side
chains or linkages. Nylon is related chemically to the
protein fibers silk and wool. They both have similar
dye sites but nylon has many fewer dye sites than
wool.
Water
Water used in paver blocks is conforming the
specification of IS 456: 2000. Water used for mixing
is free from injurious amount of oils, acids, alkalis,
salts, sugar, organic materials or other substances that
may be deleterious to concrete.
Aggregates
Natural aggregates used in the manufacture of
concrete paving blocks should meet the requirements
for aggregates for concrete given in IS 383 Aggregates
from natural sources – Aggregates for concrete. Slag
aggregates may also be used if they can be shownto
be physically and chemicallysound. Waste materials,
or materials not in demand, are often sought after as
these are generally relatively cheap. But the use of
such materials could be at the expense of quality or
result in increased costs due to the need to use higher
cement contents to maintain quality. These materials
might also create compaction difficulties which could
adversely affect productivity and durability. The
performance of aggregates at the moldingstage and in
thehardenedblockdepends on the combined effects of
particle size, grading, particle shape, and hardness.
Each of these properties is discussed below.
Size
The recommended maximum nominal size of
aggregate is 12 mm. However, the maximum size
generally used is 10 mm. smaller sizes (4.75 mm)
may be used to suit circumstances or may be
specifically selected to obtain a particular surface
texture. Generally, the use of coarse particles results
in savings in binder provided the mix is properly
proportioned. If coarse aggregate particles are too big,
or if too much coarse aggregate is used in the mix, it
may be difficult to achieve good compaction and
acceptable surface texture.
Coarse Aggregates
Theaggregateswhich remainedon4.75mm ISSieveis
called coarse aggregates, coarse aggregate is
uncrushed gravel or stone which results from the
natural disintegration ofrocks,crushed gravel or stone
when it results from crushing of gravel or hard stone.
Coarse aggregates which is used in paver blocks is
confirmed by IS 383. As far as possible crushed/ semi
crushed aggregates shall be used. For ensuring
adequate durability, the aggregate used for production
of blocks shall be sound and free of soft or honey
combed particles.
Other type aggregates such as slag and crushed and,
over burnt brick or tile which may be found suitable
with regard to strength, durability of concrete and
freedom for harmful effects may be used in
preparation of concrete for production of paver
blocks. however such aggregates shall not contain
more than 0.5 % of sulphates as SO3 and shall not
absorb more than 2 percent of their own mass of
water. Heavy weight aggregates of light weight
aggregates such as bloated clay aggregates may also
be used provided the purchaser is satisfied with the
data on the properties of concrete made with them.
The nominal size of coarse aggregates used in
production of paver blocks shall be 12 mm.
Fine Aggregates
Aggregate which passed from 4.75 mm sieve and
contains only so much coarser material as permitted,
fine aggregate is natural sand which is resulting from
the natural disintegration of rock and which has been
deposited by streams or glacial agencies, it is also
crushed stone sand which is produced by crushing
hard stone, it is also crushed gravel sand which
produced by crushing natural gravel.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Workability of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks
Table1 and graph 1 shows workabilityofthe concrete
with nylon fiber and it has been observed that nylon
fiber decreases workability of the concrete.
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Mix Slump (mm)
Standard Concrete 83
FB1 80
FB2 78
FB3 78
FB4 74
FB5 71
Table 1: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers
Graph 1: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers
Workability of waste foundry sand Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber
Table 2 and graph 2 shows workability of the concrete with waste foundry nylon fiber and it is clearly shows
that waste foundry with nylon fiber increases the workability of the concrete
Mix Slump (mm)
Standard Concrete 83
WFS2.5 95
WFS 5 103
WFS10 110
Table 2: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers and waste found
IV. CONCLUSION
Following conclusion is carried out from present study.
1. After performing compressive strength test on the paver blocks with varying percentage of nylon fiber, it is
observed that by addition of 0.3% nylon fiber gives the maximum compressive strength at 7, 14 and 28 days.
2. It is concluded that addition of nylon fiber in the construction of concrete paver block increases its
compressive strength up to 4.55% as compared to standard mix.
3. The inclusion of waste foundry sand with fine aggregates in concrete enhance the strength properties with
increasing content of WFS up to certain replacement level and further the strength properties also improved
with the increase in curing age.
4. Compressive strength of concrete increased and after that there is a systematic decrease in strength, flexural
strength of concrete increased and after that there is systematic decrease in strength at 28 day of curing age.
5. The maximum strength was observed at 5% WFS of inclusion with fine aggregates in concrete at all curing
ages in mechanical properties i.e. (compressive strength, and flexural strength).The increment in strength can
be observed because WFS contains silica content in high amount which helps in the formation of C-S-H gel
and this is due to the packing behavior of matrix particles.
6. From following observation, it was observed that 5 % of waste foundry sand replacement level can be
successfully used to make concrete and in various applications of concrete like concrete paver blocks,
whereas beyond this replacement level is not beneficial
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Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber PaverBlocks
Wh en a nylon fiber paver block is tested for their compressive strength their FB3 mix gives highest result.
Compressive strength test is given in table 3 and graph 4-5.
MIX
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/MM2
)
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
STANDARD MIX 36.9 39.87 42.24
FB1 35.414 36.423 37.439
FB2 35.834 37.143 37.849
FB3 40.121 42.245 44.258
FB4 38.094 39.423 40.209
FB5 37.944 39.243 39.899
Table 3: Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks
Graph 4: Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks
Graph 5: Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks
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Corrected Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks
As per IS 15658 compressive strength of paver blocks is corrected, 1.18 is multiplied with calculated
compressive strength for arrised and chamfer blocks and their compressive strength result is given table 4 and
graph 6-7.
MIX
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/MM2
)
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
STANDARD MIX 43.542 47.0466 49.8432
FB1 41.7885 42.9791 44.178
FB2 42.2841 43.8287 44.6618
FB3 47.3428 49.8491 52.2244
FB4 44.9509 46.5191 47.4466
FB5 44.7739 46.3067 47.0808
Table 4: Corrected Compressive Strength of nylon fiber paver blocks as per IS 15658
CONCLUSION
Following conclusion is carried out from present
study.
1. After performing compressive strength test on the
paver blocks with varying percentage of nylon
fiber, it is observed that by addition of 0.3%
nylon fiber gives the maximum compressive
strength at 7, 14 and 28 days.
2. It is concluded that addition of nylon fiber in the
construction of concrete paver block increases its
compressive strength up to 4.55% as compared to
standard mix.
3. The inclusion of waste foundry sand with fine
aggregates in concrete enhance the strength
properties with increasing content of WFS up to
certain replacement level and further the strength
properties also improved with the increase in
curing age.
4. Compressive strength of concrete increased and
after that there is a systematic decrease in
strength, flexural strength of concrete increased
and after that there is systematic decrease in
strength at 28 day of curing age.
5. The maximum strength was observed at 5% WFS
of inclusion with fine aggregates in concrete at all
curing ages in mechanical properties i.e.
(compressive strength, and flexural strength).The
increment in strength can be observed because
WFS contains silica content in high amount
which helps in the formation of C-S-H gel and
this is due to the packing behavior of matrix
particles.
6. From following observation, it was observed that
5 % of waste foundry sand replacement level can
be successfully used to make concrete and in
various applications of concrete like concrete
paver blocks, whereas beyond this replacement
level is not beneficial
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8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47703 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 1726
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