This document discusses research into improving the mechanical properties of adobe bricks through the addition of stone dust. Tests were conducted on adobe bricks containing 5-25% stone dust additions and cement. Results showed stone dust increased compressive strength by 10-20% and slightly affected moisture content and water absorption. The optimal amount of stone dust addition was found to be 10-20% to maximize mechanical properties while minimizing material usage. In conclusion, stone dust addition can enhance the strength and performance of adobe bricks.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Officine Maccaferri: Geosynthetics Products Portfolio 2017Maccaferri World
Geogrids, Drainage geocomposites, Geomats, Geomembranes, Woven and Non Woven geotextiles are used for Reinforce soils, Stabilise ground, Drain, Separate, Filter, Protect, Contain / barrier systems, Erosion control
Nurture the world of tomorrow - Maccaferri on sustainability Maccaferri World
Maccaferri's vision and mission focus on the key concept of "Nurturing the World of tomorrow", which means to care, to protect, to be responsible not only to the environment but also to our people, our stakeholders and to the world at large.
Indeed, Maccaferri solutions provide environmental, social and economic benefits mitigating natural and anthropogenic hazards, respecting the environment, enhancing people safety and improving their lives.
Physical Properties of Construction & Demolished Waste Concreteijsrd.com
In India, recent year construction and demolished concrete waste handling and management is the challenging problem faced by several area of the country. It is very challenging and hectic problem that has to be tackled in an indigenous manner, Due to strict environmental laws and lack of dumping sites in urban areas, construction & demolished waste disposal is a great problem. It is desirable to completely recycle construction & demolished concrete waste in order to protect natural resources, environment and reduce environmental pollution. In this research paper a study is carried out to investigate the physical properties of construction &demolished waste material for concrete, for using as a coarse aggregate in new construction. The present investigation to be focused on recycling construction & demolished waste materials in order to reduce construction cost and resolving housing problems faced by the low income communities of the India in different part of the country. The crushed construction and demolished concrete wastes is segregated by sieving to obtain required sizes of aggregate, several tests were conducted to determine the aggregate properties before recycling it into new concrete.
In this era of concrete, let's understand the impact on the environment and revive the old technique, construction and make the environment pollution-free.
Indian construction industry is growing at a rate of 9.2% as against the world average of 5.5%.
Construction by nature is not an eco-friendly activity. Construction, renovation and demolition activities lead to the formation of waste.
Growth in construction activities generates construction waste which is fast becoming a serious environmental problem with deadly
consequences. Most of the construction and demolition, waste in our country are not recycled but end up in landfills occupying valuable
land.
The promotion of environmental management and the mission of sustainable development have exerted the pressure demanding for
the adoption of proper methods to protect the environment across all industries including construction.
Construction waste recycling reduces the demand up on new resources. Cuts down the cost and effort of transport and production. Use
waste which would otherwise be lost to land fill sites.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Officine Maccaferri: Geosynthetics Products Portfolio 2017Maccaferri World
Geogrids, Drainage geocomposites, Geomats, Geomembranes, Woven and Non Woven geotextiles are used for Reinforce soils, Stabilise ground, Drain, Separate, Filter, Protect, Contain / barrier systems, Erosion control
Nurture the world of tomorrow - Maccaferri on sustainability Maccaferri World
Maccaferri's vision and mission focus on the key concept of "Nurturing the World of tomorrow", which means to care, to protect, to be responsible not only to the environment but also to our people, our stakeholders and to the world at large.
Indeed, Maccaferri solutions provide environmental, social and economic benefits mitigating natural and anthropogenic hazards, respecting the environment, enhancing people safety and improving their lives.
Physical Properties of Construction & Demolished Waste Concreteijsrd.com
In India, recent year construction and demolished concrete waste handling and management is the challenging problem faced by several area of the country. It is very challenging and hectic problem that has to be tackled in an indigenous manner, Due to strict environmental laws and lack of dumping sites in urban areas, construction & demolished waste disposal is a great problem. It is desirable to completely recycle construction & demolished concrete waste in order to protect natural resources, environment and reduce environmental pollution. In this research paper a study is carried out to investigate the physical properties of construction &demolished waste material for concrete, for using as a coarse aggregate in new construction. The present investigation to be focused on recycling construction & demolished waste materials in order to reduce construction cost and resolving housing problems faced by the low income communities of the India in different part of the country. The crushed construction and demolished concrete wastes is segregated by sieving to obtain required sizes of aggregate, several tests were conducted to determine the aggregate properties before recycling it into new concrete.
In this era of concrete, let's understand the impact on the environment and revive the old technique, construction and make the environment pollution-free.
Indian construction industry is growing at a rate of 9.2% as against the world average of 5.5%.
Construction by nature is not an eco-friendly activity. Construction, renovation and demolition activities lead to the formation of waste.
Growth in construction activities generates construction waste which is fast becoming a serious environmental problem with deadly
consequences. Most of the construction and demolition, waste in our country are not recycled but end up in landfills occupying valuable
land.
The promotion of environmental management and the mission of sustainable development have exerted the pressure demanding for
the adoption of proper methods to protect the environment across all industries including construction.
Construction waste recycling reduces the demand up on new resources. Cuts down the cost and effort of transport and production. Use
waste which would otherwise be lost to land fill sites.
What is Compressed Earth Block (C.E.B) or Ecological Brick?
More info: www.ibrickmachine.com
WhatsApp us at: +86 15265119000
Email:Darren@ibrickmachine.com
Construction and demolition waste constitutes a major portion of total solid waste production in the world, and most of it is used in land fills. One way of profitable use of wastes is the possibility of treating and reusing as aggregates in new concrete. In this paper, construction and demolition Wastes, have been studied for effective utilization in concrete. The study objective was to determine the quality of recycled aggregate such as the crushing value, absorption, density, attainable grade of concrete, and establishing the structural properties of the fresh as well as hardened concrete. The study was achieved by doing different tests on the recycled aggregates, Specimens preparation and assessment of properties of concrete in both fresh and hardened states.
"Building Green Systems" is a PowerPoint for primary and secondary students that discusses using reusable materials to build and maintain transportation infrastructures. This lesson can also be paired with a "Fix the Gap" activity.
Why Compressed Earth Blocks - by Dwell EarthAdam De Jong
Compressed Earth Blocks, often referred to as (CEB) or Earth Blocks, are a pretty amazing building material. Here is a quick look at how amazing this natural building method really is.
Since the beginning of time people have been using the earth for building. Jericho, the earliest city recorded in history, was built of earth. Throughout history earth construction can be seen worldwide. The Egyptians, Mayan, Inca, Greeks, Romans, Chinese, and other European civilizations have long histories of earthen construction.
Compressed Earth Blocks make a healthier home which has the lowest embodied energy and CO2 footprint of any building material while also creating a building that is 80% more energy efficient to operate.
Compressed Earth Blocks are:
- Economical Natural Building Solution
- Fire Proof
- Bullet Proof
- Bug Proof
- Sound Proof
- Mold Proof
- Non- Toxic
- Disaster Resistant
Earth Block buildings also regulate humidity and temperature because the walls are breathable.
Learn more at www.dwellearth.com
What can we help you build?
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Construction and demolition waste recyclingAnand Vallala
Now a days as the construction is increasing the demolition waste from the buildings is also increasing. We have to increase the usage of waste materials and to help for the future generation.
Construction activities generate millions of tonnes of Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste materials each year. These materials contain a lot of reusable materials. If not properly managed, they will become wastes, a burden to the society, which will be extremely expensive to handle and will occupy precious landfill space.
Now even for small projects it has been made mandatory to use Ready mix concrete or compulsory use of Batching plant. However, except for large projects and some industrial projects, Demolition of structures is not yet mechanised. This waste is also affects the air, noise pollution in the form of releasing dust and noise respectively.
Recycling can turn the waste materials into usable products, which can help conserve our natural resources for our next generations and for the sustainable development of the society. In the recent years, C&D waste management issues have attracted the attention from researches around the world.
The ultimate aim is to create the awareness among the Civil Engineers is to do the research on this topic and to reuse these materials.
Main points of this PPT:
• An overview of the concept on Waste management.
• Brief description on “Recycled Concrete Aggregates”.
• Waste reduction and Reuse.
• Demolition techniques.
• Use of proper Waste Management plan.
Avoidance of waste and recycling of construction and demolition waste Dr K M SONI
Waste generation has to be stopped whether food, water, energy or even construction and demolition. This will save natural resources and help in emission of greenhouse gases and climate change.
What is Compressed Earth Block (C.E.B) or Ecological Brick?
More info: www.ibrickmachine.com
WhatsApp us at: +86 15265119000
Email:Darren@ibrickmachine.com
Construction and demolition waste constitutes a major portion of total solid waste production in the world, and most of it is used in land fills. One way of profitable use of wastes is the possibility of treating and reusing as aggregates in new concrete. In this paper, construction and demolition Wastes, have been studied for effective utilization in concrete. The study objective was to determine the quality of recycled aggregate such as the crushing value, absorption, density, attainable grade of concrete, and establishing the structural properties of the fresh as well as hardened concrete. The study was achieved by doing different tests on the recycled aggregates, Specimens preparation and assessment of properties of concrete in both fresh and hardened states.
"Building Green Systems" is a PowerPoint for primary and secondary students that discusses using reusable materials to build and maintain transportation infrastructures. This lesson can also be paired with a "Fix the Gap" activity.
Why Compressed Earth Blocks - by Dwell EarthAdam De Jong
Compressed Earth Blocks, often referred to as (CEB) or Earth Blocks, are a pretty amazing building material. Here is a quick look at how amazing this natural building method really is.
Since the beginning of time people have been using the earth for building. Jericho, the earliest city recorded in history, was built of earth. Throughout history earth construction can be seen worldwide. The Egyptians, Mayan, Inca, Greeks, Romans, Chinese, and other European civilizations have long histories of earthen construction.
Compressed Earth Blocks make a healthier home which has the lowest embodied energy and CO2 footprint of any building material while also creating a building that is 80% more energy efficient to operate.
Compressed Earth Blocks are:
- Economical Natural Building Solution
- Fire Proof
- Bullet Proof
- Bug Proof
- Sound Proof
- Mold Proof
- Non- Toxic
- Disaster Resistant
Earth Block buildings also regulate humidity and temperature because the walls are breathable.
Learn more at www.dwellearth.com
What can we help you build?
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Construction and demolition waste recyclingAnand Vallala
Now a days as the construction is increasing the demolition waste from the buildings is also increasing. We have to increase the usage of waste materials and to help for the future generation.
Construction activities generate millions of tonnes of Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste materials each year. These materials contain a lot of reusable materials. If not properly managed, they will become wastes, a burden to the society, which will be extremely expensive to handle and will occupy precious landfill space.
Now even for small projects it has been made mandatory to use Ready mix concrete or compulsory use of Batching plant. However, except for large projects and some industrial projects, Demolition of structures is not yet mechanised. This waste is also affects the air, noise pollution in the form of releasing dust and noise respectively.
Recycling can turn the waste materials into usable products, which can help conserve our natural resources for our next generations and for the sustainable development of the society. In the recent years, C&D waste management issues have attracted the attention from researches around the world.
The ultimate aim is to create the awareness among the Civil Engineers is to do the research on this topic and to reuse these materials.
Main points of this PPT:
• An overview of the concept on Waste management.
• Brief description on “Recycled Concrete Aggregates”.
• Waste reduction and Reuse.
• Demolition techniques.
• Use of proper Waste Management plan.
Avoidance of waste and recycling of construction and demolition waste Dr K M SONI
Waste generation has to be stopped whether food, water, energy or even construction and demolition. This will save natural resources and help in emission of greenhouse gases and climate change.
Mechanical Strength of Concrete using Bottom Ash as Fine AggregateVISHNU VIJAYAN
Vishnu Vijayan, Achu V, Riyana M S ,Mechanical Strength of Concrete using Bottom Ash as Fine Aggregate, International Journal of Current Engineering And Scientific Research, April 2018, Volume 5, Issue 4, p-ISSN: 2393-8374,o-ISSN: 2394-0697; GICID: n/d; DOI: 10.21276/ijcesr.
Enhancing Rainwater Harvesting through Pervious Pavement System Based on the ...civejjour
Pervious pavements are widely used in stormwater management practices due to their porosity.
However, the longevity and infiltration capacity could be greatly reduced with time due to
clogging issues. DakeRechsand manufactures pervious bricks from desert sand based on
principle of surface-free energy treatment. The pavers are made from desert sand that can
withstand against temperatures as high as 100 degrees Celsius and also handling freeze-thaw
cycle testing. This product range contains silica as the base material, has good anti-slippery
performance when wet. And observations showed that the there is less chance of black ice
formation on the brick surface, due to air-permeable propertities of the material. The company
has completed hundreds of projects mainly in China. Utilizing breathable desert sand using the
surface free energy is something not mastered before and DakeRechsand introduces an ecofriendly, sediment-free, recyclable, and much efficient technology to enhance rainwater
harvesting and water conservation.
Enhancing Rainwater Harvesting through Pervious Pavement System Based on the ...civejjour
Pervious pavements are widely used in stormwater management practices due to their porosity.
However, the longevity and infiltration capacity could be greatly reduced with time due to
clogging issues. DakeRechsand manufactures pervious bricks from desert sand based on
principle of surface-free energy treatment. The pavers are made from desert sand that can
withstand against temperatures as high as 100 degrees Celsius and also handling freeze-thaw
cycle testing. This product range contains silica as the base material, has good anti-slippery
performance when wet. And observations showed that the there is less chance of black ice
formation on the brick surface, due to air-permeable propertities of the material. The company
has completed hundreds of projects mainly in China. Utilizing breathable desert sand using the
surface free energy is something not mastered before and DakeRechsand introduces an ecofriendly, sediment-free, recyclable, and much efficient technology to enhance rainwater
harvesting and water conservation.
An Overview of Rha And Scba Clay BricksIJERA Editor
Burnt clay brick is one of the major and widely used building units in construction around the world. The manufacturing of burnt clay bricks using waste materials can minimize the environmental overburden caused by waste deposition on open landfills and would also improve the brick performance at low production cost leading to more sustainable construction. These wastes utilization would not only be economical, but may also help to create a sustainable and pollution free environment. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the waste addition produced from two major crops: sugarcane and rice in clay bricks manufacturing.
العمارة الطينية في العالم العربي هل هي جيدة.pdfamadhor
Architect magazine last issue middle east snap acapella sad dance on flamboyant style vs Germany ag she ruined his diet Bak so let's invade iraq Abu do you have a picture for a commercial residential tower with a Hadrami style vs Germany ag she ruined
Role of Additives in Mortars: Historic PrecedentsIJERA Editor
The use of lime in building construction began at least 10,000 years ago, where there are numerous evidence of its earlier uses. This research is an attempt to provide a review of the history of lime as a building material in based on available literature resources. The origin significance and sustainability of lime mortars and their use in architectural conservation is discussed. Large scale use of additives in historic buildings in India and abroad is highlighted in order to put forth their physio-chemical and aesthetical properties. Use of sustainable additives in mortar is stressed. The analysis presented is supposed to help architectural conservation experts in their efforts to safeguard the intrinsic qualities Indian cultural heritage for posterity.
2. IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 9, September 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 – 7968
Effect of stone dust on the mechanical properties of
adobe brick
Ahsan Habib, Ms. Razia Begum, Md. Abdus Salam
Housing and Building Research Institute
Darus-Salam 120/3, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
Ecologic building materials such as adobe
bricks have become of greater economic
importance in recent years. Adobe is a
form of natural architecture built with
environment friendly materials which
provide indoor protection from outside
temperature conditions. In Bangladesh,
adobe brick is getting more popularity as
an economical housing material. It is
important to consider the strength of adobe
brick. This study was conducted to
determine the effect of the proportion
between the soil and the stabilizers (such
as cement and stone dust) on stabilized
earth blocks durability. As the
experimental program was planned,
consisting tests such as density,
compressive strength and flexural strength,
were conducted to investigate the
properties of adobe bricks. The specimens
incorporated with different volume
fractions of stone dust, i.e. 5%, 10%, 15%,
20% and 25% and the result showed that
the use of stone dust increases the
compressive strength 10% to 20 %
respectively and the moisture content and
water absorption of the adobe from dredge
soil and cement and stone dust also
calculated which was very similar and
slightly change with the percentage of
stone dust. The results indicate that the
use of stone dust of 910 % to 20 %) with
5% cement based adobe enhances the
mechanical properties of the adobe and
optimization of the stone dust is required
to get the best performance.
KEY WORDS: stone dust, adobe.
Mechanical properties.
INTRODUCTION:
The construction practices of today
demands production of alternative building
materials which consume less energy and
can be used for construction.(1).
. Adobe
bricks (fig: 1)were introduced to the
Southwest 400 years ago by the arriving
Spanish adventurers, who gave them a
name corrupted from the Arabic ''al-tobar,''
meaning ''the brick'(2)
. Modern adobe
building follows the same principals,
although gaining acceptance these days
has been a little harder. Building codes and
insurance policies covering a building
material known only for its primitiveness
were slow in coming, and even today
adobe's partisans are locked in battle with
traditional builders over thermal and
insulating properties(3)
. Adobes are large,
sun baked; sunburst bricks used in some
tropical and semi arid countries for
building construction. Of course adobes
are not as strong as the burst bricks which
as a result of the heat to which they are
usually subjected about 800-1100°c
become homogeneous, harder and storage
from the ceramic bond procedure through
the fusion of silica and alumina. In recent
times, there is the need to appraise the
stability of buildings constructed with
631
3. IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 9, September 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 – 7968
adobe or specify modes of application that
would ensure adequate safety of such
building (4)
. Clay bricks unit are very
versatile medium for construction,
although an energy intensive process is
required to manufacture them. But since
the last few decades, there has been an
increasing tendency worldwide to look out
for materials that can be used as an
alternative for conventional materials.
Therefore researchers have been carried
out to study the development of adobe
brick which must conform to the
applicable engineering properties (5)
. The
most desirable soil texture for producing
the mud of adobe is 15% clay, 10-30% silt
and 55-75% fine sand (6)
. But Experience
has shown straw, cement, or manure added
to a standard adobe mixture can all
produce a stronger, more crack-resistant
brick (7)
. Adobe bricks (mud bricks) are
made of earth with fairly high clay content
and straw. If produced manually the earth
mix is cast in open moulds onto the ground
and then left to dry out. Adobe bricks are
only sun-dried, not kiln-fired. When used
for construction they are laid up into a wall
using an earth mortar. Before drying out,
the finished walls are smoothed down.
Often a clay render is applied as a surface
coating (8)
. Modern adobe bricks consist of
a mixture of clay, sand, straw, and
emulsified asphalt (9)
. Its wide use can be
attributed to its simplicity of design and
manufacture, and the economy of creating
it (10)
.
Adobe bricks (fig: 1)
Again Bangladesh contains over 300
rivers; many of which are heavily silted
and have not been dredged in nearly thirty
years. The government plans to dredge the
rivers in an effort to reduce potential
flooding that inevitably follows regularly
occurring natural disasters and to make the
rivers more navigable (11)
. Dredging helps
the nation to retrieve its old heritage of
river transportation and saves the economy
as a whole by making all major rivers of
the land navigable round the year.
Bangladesh is a delta with total area of
nearly 144 thousand square kilometers. It
has eight major and more than 30 branch
rivers with nearly 3500 kilometers of
inland and costal waterways (12).
Dredge
soil introducing in adobe is new one in our
country that will help our economy
definitely because of from the beginning
of civilization, people, equipment,
materials, and commodities have been
transported by water. To do this, the
channel depths of many waterways needed
to be increased to provide access to ports
and harbors. Most major ports in the
world require dredging at some time to
enlarge and deepen access channels,
waterways, and turning basins, and to
provide appropriate water depths along
waterside facilities. These channels often
require frequent and regular maintenance
dredging. In the case of fluvial navigation,
dredging is also required to construct and
maintain vital links to inland ports and
facilities.
MATERIALS:
In the present study, dredge soil was used
as a raw material for making adobe brick
with the addition of Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC). Soil sample were collected
632
4. IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 9, September 2015.
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ISSN 2348 – 7968
at a depth of about 30 to 50 feet below the
ground surface from The Kopotthakho
Nod of Sathkhira zone in Bangladesh. We
know that as population density along the
coastlines and riverbanks increases,
dredging is used for to protect against
flooding and erosion, as well as to create
recreational facilities like beaches through
sand nourishment and for the installation
of energy facilities such as offshore
drilling platforms and oil and gas pipelines
and the construction of wind farms in the
water. Dredging can also provide
construction materials such as sand,
gravel, shell and clay, or provide landfills,
including the construction of industrial and
residential areas, another more recent use
of dredging is to remove or remediate
subaqueous pollutants and improve water
quality and sediment habitats. This type of
dredging operation is used as a means to
clean-up contaminated waterways.
Environmental dredging is the removal of
contaminated sediments from a water body
for purposes of sediment remediation. If
we don’t dredge the canals they will sit up
and eventually the boats travelling on our
canals & rivers won’t be able to move
around freely. This also impacts the flora
and fauna, water quality, land drainage and
visitor appeal of the network. (13)
Dredge soil (fig: 2)
After collection the soil samples were
spread out in the laboratory for a few days
and air drying, then the clods were broken
down and the samples were pulverized.
Therefore employing the standard test
method for Particle size analysis of soil
(ASTM D 422-63) (14)
, Specific Gravity of
soil the dredged soil ( ASTM D 854-10)
(15)
, Classification of soil for engineering
purposes according to the unified soil
classification system ( ASTM D 2487), (16)
samples are naming as CL (clay with low
plasticity) and liquid limit, plastic limit
and plasticity index of dredge soil were
determined by ( ASTM D 4318-10) (17)
were tested for their classification and
index properties, their consistency
properties and their compaction and
strength characteristic are shown in table
1.
Table 1: Dredged soil index properties
Index properties unit Ranges of
values
Water content % 60.15-70.74
Specific Gravity - 02.63
Organic content % 0.75-4.0
Liquid limit (LL) % 38.06
Plastic limit (PL) % 18.98
Plastic index % 19.09
Shrinkage limit
(SL)
% 25.22
Sand % 18.0
Silt % 77.0
Clay % 05.0
A very important point to note that
Dredged soil clay content 5 to 10 5 which
is not suitable for adobe, for this situation
to increase the binding property of soil 5%
OPC added for the adobe. The cement
used for the research work was collected
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5. IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 9, September 2015.
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ISSN 2348 – 7968
from local market and different tests were
conducted as per (ASTM C 150-84) (18)
standard on this cement to obtain its
properties. The test results are summarized
in table 2:
Table 2: properties of cement used to form
stabilized adobe
Stone dust (fig: 3) in a dry powdered state
used for the adobe making which contain
nearly 3% by mass of free silica (19)
as
determined by the Method for Free Silica
in Limestone Dust in “Guidelines for Coal
Dust Explosion, Prevention and
Suppression”, publication MDG 3006
MRT 5, published by the Department of
Mineral Resources; and Stone dust
contains such fineness (20)
as determined by
the Method for Size Analysis of Stone
Dust in “Guidelines for Coal Dust
Explosion, Prevention and Suppression”,
publication MDG 3006 MRT 5, published
by the Department of Mineral Resources;
that not less than 95% by mass must pass
through a 250 micrometre sieve, and the
dry dust which passes through a
250micrometre sieve, not less than 60% by
mass and not more than 80% by mass,
must pass through a 75 micrometre sieve.
Stone dust (fig: 3)
The physical properties of stone dust are
shown in table 3:
Physical properties Value
Specific gravity 2.68
Water absorption (30
min)
0.38 %
Fineness modulus 2.88
Slit content 2.3 %
METHODS: The dredged soil, cement and
stone dust were thoroughly mixed in a
conventional method as shown in table 4.
It is very important to investigate the effect
of mix proportion of cement and stone dust
on the properties of soil. In this study for
the particular percentage of cement
content, different percentage (5 %, 10 %,
15 %, 20 %, 25 % ) of stone dust were
mixed and the soil content were adjusted
according to the stone dust content. The
whole testing protocols were observed for
five different percentage of stone dust and
this are designated as in table 4. The
sample was mixed manually and proper
care was taken to squeeze out the
entrapped air in the soil.
Test conducted Test results
Normal
Consistency
25 %
Initial setting time 135 min
Final setting time 185 min
Compressive
strength
3 days: 1986 psi
7 days: 2990 psi
28 days: 4142 psi
Fineness 99.4 % passing in 100 US
sieve
Specific gravity 3.14
634
6. IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 9, September 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 – 7968
Table 4: Mix proportion of adobe bricks
Sl no Dredged
soil (%)
Cement
(%)
Stone
dust
(%)
1. 90 5 5
2. 85 5 10
3. 80 5 15
4. 75 5 20
5. 70 5 25
In this investigation a series of tests were
conducted of the prepared sample as
described in table 4 to determine the
compressive strength and the water
absorption. To determine the compressive
strength, prism of 2 inch cube were
prepared. Three prism of each proportion
were prepared for determine compressive
strength and the water absorption.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The
prism were test in compression after
proper curing for a period of 7 days, 14
days and finally 28 days as per ASTM
specification. The specimen under test in
fig 4.
Test under process (fig 4)
The mean stress-strain curves of different
test series have been plotted and shown in
figure 5.
Fig: 5 Percentage of stone dust Vs
compressive strength curve
Each stress strain curve is the average of
the three cubes of adobe bricks. From the
graph it is observed that the compressive
strength increases almost linearly and very
much equal to 15 % to 20 % of stone dust
additives.
Again to conduct water absorption and
moisture content test three pcs of cured
bricks was selected randomly for each set
which weight were measured and then
dried in the oven in 105°C until weight
reduction was negligible then moisture
content were calculated and shown in the
figure 6.
Fig: 6 Percentage of stone dust Vs
compressive strength curve
635
7. IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 9, September 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 – 7968
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: This study
was done as a part of regular research
program of Housing and Building
Research Institute. The authors would like
to acknowledge the kind co operation
provided by the staff of the Chemical
testing Research laboratory of HBRI. The
authors wish to express their thanks to Mr.
Shah Mostafa (Research Associates), Mrs.
Razia Begum (SRO, Housing and Building
Research Institute) and Mohammed Abu
Sadeque (Director, Housing and Building
Research Institute) for his guidance.
CONCLUSION: In 2002 the
International Institute for energy
conservation showed adobe reduces the
house cost sound fire resistant and non
toxic in natures (21)
This can be done through the
determination of the engineering
properties of the adobe and the evaluation
of their compliance with values specified
to the relevant building codes and standard
specification from dredged soil by
determination of the average physical and
geotechnical properties of the soils and
observed that the water absorption
capacity were very low and that in fact the
compressive strength gained during we use
stone dust on average 10% to 20 % with
the addition of 5 % cement. To meet the
housing shortage of the country necessary
steps should be taken to introduce new and
better alternative building materials
through adaptation of the knowledge of
developed countries.
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ISSN 2348 – 7968
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AUTHOR’S PROFILE
Ahsan Habib
Research Officer, Housing and
Building Research Institute, 120/3
Darus Salam, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216.
ahbangla@yahoo.com
Ms. Razia Begum
Senior Research Officer, Housing and
Building Research Institute, 120/3
Darus Salam, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216
Eng. Abdus Salam
Senior Research Engineer, Housing
and Building Research Institute,
120/3 Darus Salam, Mirpur, Dhaka-
637