The parotid region includes the parotid salivary gland and related structures. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland, located below the ear between the ramus of the mandible and mastoid process. It has relations superiorly to the zygomatic arch, inferiorly to the angle of the mandible, and both anteriorly and posteriorly to surrounding muscles. The parotid duct runs obliquely forward to open into the mouth opposite the upper second molar. The parotid gland receives nerve supply from the facial nerve and parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion, and is supplied by the external carotid artery and drained by the retromandibular vein and

2. THE PAROTID REGION
• It includes:
1. The parotid salivary gland
2. The structures related to the gland

3. PAROTID GLAND

4. THE PAROTID GLAND
• DEFINITION: It is the largest of the salivary glands
• SITE: It lies below the auricle, occupying the
region between ramus of mandible & mastoid
process
• EXTENT:
1. Superiorly: to zygomatic arch
2. Inferiorly: to angle of mandible
3. Anteriorly: to overlap posterior border of masseter
4. Posteriorly: to overlap anterior border of
sternomastoid
• SHAPE: Pyramidal

5. THE PAROTID GLAND
• SUBDIVISIONS:
1. Main gland
2. Accessory gland: above parotid duct
• CAPSULE:
1. Derived from deep fascia of neck (cervical fascia)
2. Its superficial layer is attached to zygomatic arch &
extends to cover masseter
3. Its deep layer is attached to mandible, styloid &
mastoid processes
4. A thickening of deep fascia extends from styloid
process to angle of mandible (stylomandibular
ligament) & separates the capsule of parotid from
that of submandibular gland
5. It is tense (swellings of parotid gland are painful)

6. RELATIONS OF PAROTID
GLAND

7. THE PAROTID GLAND
• RELATIONS:
1. Superficial: skin, superficial fascia, great auricular
nerve, superficial parotid (preauricular) lymph
nodes
2. Anteromedial: posterior border of ramus of
mandible + muscles attached to ramus (masseter,
medial pteygoid)
3. Posteromedial: mastoid process + muscles
attached to it (sternomastoid, posterior belly of
digastric), styloid process + muscles attached to it
(stylohyoid, styloglossus, stylopharyngeus),
carotid sheath & its contents (internal jugular vein,
internal carotid artery, 9th, 10th, 11th & 12th cranial
nerves)
4. Medial: pharyngeal wall

8. STRUCTURES WITHIN THE
PAROTID GLAND
1. Termination of facial nerve & beginning of
its five terminal motor branches : most
superficial structures
2. Terminations of superficial temporal &
maxillary veins + the whole retromandibular
vein + beginning of its two divisions
(anterior & posterior)
3. Termination of external carotid artery &
beginning of its two terminal branches
(superficial temporal & maxillary): deepest
structures
4. Deep parotid lymph nodes: embedded
within substance of the gland

9. STRUCTURES WITHIN THE
PAROTID GLAND

10. STRUCTURES EMERGING FROM
THE PAROTID GLAND

11. PAROTID DUCT

12. PAROTID DUCT
• LENGTH: Two inches
• COURSE & RELATIONS:
1. Emerges from anterior border of gland
2. Runs obliquely forwards, superficial to masseter &
below transverse facial artery & accessory parotid
• TERMINATION:
1. Pierces: buccal pad of fat, buccopharyngeal fascia,
buccinator muscle & buccal mucosa
2. Opens: into the vestibule of mouth, opposite the
crown of upper 2nd molar tooth
• APPLIED ANATOMY: The oblique passage of the
duct act as a valve-like mechanism & prevents
inflation of the duct during blowing
• SURFACE ANATOMY: It is represented by the
middle 1/3 of a line extending from the tragus of the
auricle to a point midway between the ala of nose &
upper lip

13. NERVE SUPPLY
• PARASYMPATHETIC (SECRETORY):
1. Origin: inferior salivary nucleus (medulla)
2. Preganglionic fibers: run along the lesser petrosal
nerve (branch of tympanic of glossopharyngeal
(9th cranial)
3. Ganglion: fibers relay in the otic ganglion
(infratemporal fossa)
4. Postganglionic fibers: reach the parotid gland
along auriculotemporal nerve (branch of
mandibular of trigeminal)
• SYMPATHETIC: Postganglionic sympathetic fibers
reach the gland as a plexus around external
carotid artery

14. BLOOD SUPPLY
• ARTERIES: External carotid
• VEINS: Retromandibular vein

15. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
• Into superficial & deep parotid
lymph nodes
• Finally into deep cervical lymph
nodes