The document defines and describes various types of camera shots and angles used in filmmaking. It provides definitions for establishing shots, wide shots, crane shots, aerial shots, close-ups, extreme close-ups, point-of-view shots, over-the-shoulder shots, shot reverse shots, pans, tilts, high-angle shots, low-angle shots, and zoom shots. These shots establish settings, emphasize scale, move the camera flexibly, magnify details or intimacy, convey different perspectives and relationships between characters, and change focus through camera movements.

1. Can be takenfrom as much as a quarter of
a mile away, and is generally usedas a
scene-setting, establishing shot. It
normally shows an EXTERIOR, eg the
outside of a building, or a landscape, and
is oftenusedto show scenes of thrilling
actioneg in a war film or disaster movie.
Establishing Shot
This is a broader shot, showing perhaps
parts of the set or externals –To
emphasise size, scale, the dramatic or
epic.
Wide shot
Basically, dolly-shots-in-the-air. A crane is
a useful way of moving a camera- it can
move up, down, left, right, swooping inon
actionor moving diagonally out of it.
Crane Shot
An exciting variationof a crane shot,
usually takenfrom a helicopter. This is
oftenusedat the beginning of a film, in
order to establishsetting andmovement.
A helicopter is like aparticularly flexible
sort of crane - it can go anywhere, keepup
withanything, move in and out of a scene,
and convey real drama and exhilaration.
Aerial Shot / Birds eye view
This shows very little background, and
concentrates oneither aface, or a detail
of mise en scene. This shot magnifies the
object and shows the importance of
things, be it words writtenonpaper, or
the expressiononsomeone's face.
This shot takes us into the mind of a
character. soa close upof a face is a very
intimate shot. A film-maker may use this
to make us feel extracomfortable or
extremely uncomfortableabout a
character.
Close Up
As its name suggests, anextreme version
of the close up, generally magnifying
beyond what the human eye would
experienceinreality. Anextreme close-up
of a face, for instance, wouldshowonly
the mouth or eyes.
Extreme Close Up

2. This is a shot were we see what the actor
sees throughtheir owneyes –
identification/sympathy withthe viewer
or a sense of discomfort/tensionif the
point of view is hostile.
Point of view
This is a shot were we see what the actor
sees but not throughtheir owneyes –
This puts the viewer inthe scene, but as
an accomplice to the action.
Over the shoulder
This shows a conversation/link or reaction
between 2 characters or hero/villain/
antagonist/protagonist –a connection,
relationshipor conflict.
Two Shot
Is where one character is shownlooking
(oftenoff-screen) at another character,
and then the other character is shown
looking "back" at the first character. Since
the characters are shownfacing in
opposite directions, the viewer
unconsciously assumes that they are
looking at each other (the 180 degree
rule).
Shot reverse shot
A movement whichscans a scene
horizontally. The camerais placedon a
tripod, whichoperates as a stationary axis
point as the camera is turned, oftento
follow a moving object which is kept in the
middle of the frame.
Pans
A movement whichscans a scene
vertically, otherwisesimilar toapan.
Tilts
This shot looks down on the actionfrom a
superior position - The observer
dominates, power, higher status.
Highangle shot
This shot looks up at the action from
below, an inferior position –the observer
is vulnerable, weak and lower in status
Low angle shot
This is whenthe camera gets closer toor
moves away from the actionin a very
quick movement.
This can suggest surveillance, voyeurism
and intense observation.
Zoom/reverse zoom