The document appears to be a collection of notes and links related to art history and architecture from various periods including the Gothic period, Renaissance, Islamic art, and pre-Columbian civilizations. It includes brief descriptions and information about structures like Chartres Cathedral and Florence Cathedral as well as artists like Michelangelo, Botticelli, and Leonardo da Vinci. The notes touch on topics such as the goals of Christian art, the development of cathedrals, and the rise of Renaissance humanism.
This document provides an overview of religious and artistic developments from prehistoric times through the medieval period in Europe and the Middle East. It discusses early fertility idols and cave paintings from the Paleolithic era. It then covers Neolithic crafts and megaliths. Egyptian, Aegean, Greek and Roman art is examined. Key Christian sites like Santa Costanza, San Vitale, Hagia Sophia are mentioned. The rise of Islam and iconic mosques in Damascus and Cordoba are summarized. Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals in Europe incorporating new styles and naturalism are briefly outlined.
Sacred spaces are designed and used for religious purposes. Common themes of sacred spaces include celebrations, pilgrimages, harmony with nature, and symbols. Many prehistoric and ancient sacred sites oriented structures based on astronomy and sunlight, such as Stonehenge and temples at Teotihuacan. Polytheistic temples like the Parthenon and Great Stupa at Sanchi included processions and circumambulation. Monotheistic structures tended toward grand cathedrals like Chartres, with rose windows, vaults, and sculpture. Mosques such as the Great Mosque of Isfahan featured iwans and mihrabs. Multiple religions sometimes share sites such as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and H
Art History Survey - 15th Century in ItalyPaige Prater
This document provides an overview of 15th century Italian art and artists. It discusses key developments in Florence, including the patronage of wealthy families like the Medici, advances in architecture by Brunelleschi, and influential sculptors and painters such as Donatello, Masaccio, Fra Angelico, Uccello, and Botticelli. It also covers artistic centers that developed in other northern Italian cities like Urbino under Federico da Montefeltro, where Piero della Francesca worked, and Mantua under the Gonzaga family, where Mantegna frescoed the Camera Picta. The document concludes with mentions of Ghirlandaio's frescoes for the Sassetti Chapel and
Gothic sculpture evolved from the Early Gothic period to the High Gothic period towards greater naturalism and accurate representation of the human form. Sculptures on Gothic cathedrals, which served as "Bibles for the poor", became more three-dimensional, showed a greater sense of the body beneath drapery, and had more realistic proportions and facial expressions. This naturalism was influenced by the rediscovery of classical learning at universities and a new interest in scientific observation and recorded reality.
Art History Survey: 17th Century Art in EuropePaige Prater
This document provides an overview of European art and history from the Baroque period. It discusses key artistic styles, artists, and works from the 17th century in countries like France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Spain. Major topics covered include the Counter Reformation, the development of Baroque art as Catholic propaganda, and influential artists like Caravaggio, Bernini, Rubens, Rembrandt, and Poussin. The document also briefly outlines scientific developments and provides biographical details of French kings like Louis XIV during this time period.
The Gothic style originated in the 12th century at the Abbey Church of St. Denis in France. Abbot Suger rebuilt the choir and added a new west front, flooding the church with light from large stained glass windows. This inspired the Gothic architectural innovations of pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses which allowed buildings to be constructed much taller, with huge walls of glass. Gothic cathedrals like Notre Dame and Chartres featured immense rose windows and narratives in stained glass that served as "bibles for the poor." Wealthy patrons and trade guilds donated windows to enhance their prestige and commemorate their patron saints.
Art History Survey II: 15th &16th Century Art in Northern Europe/Iberian Peni...Paige Prater
A introduction to key artists, regions, religions, and history of the northern Renaissance and Iberian peninsula. Based off of Stokstad's Art History textbook, Volume II, 3rd edition.
This document provides an overview of religious and artistic developments from prehistoric times through the medieval period in Europe and the Middle East. It discusses early fertility idols and cave paintings from the Paleolithic era. It then covers Neolithic crafts and megaliths. Egyptian, Aegean, Greek and Roman art is examined. Key Christian sites like Santa Costanza, San Vitale, Hagia Sophia are mentioned. The rise of Islam and iconic mosques in Damascus and Cordoba are summarized. Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals in Europe incorporating new styles and naturalism are briefly outlined.
Sacred spaces are designed and used for religious purposes. Common themes of sacred spaces include celebrations, pilgrimages, harmony with nature, and symbols. Many prehistoric and ancient sacred sites oriented structures based on astronomy and sunlight, such as Stonehenge and temples at Teotihuacan. Polytheistic temples like the Parthenon and Great Stupa at Sanchi included processions and circumambulation. Monotheistic structures tended toward grand cathedrals like Chartres, with rose windows, vaults, and sculpture. Mosques such as the Great Mosque of Isfahan featured iwans and mihrabs. Multiple religions sometimes share sites such as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and H
Art History Survey - 15th Century in ItalyPaige Prater
This document provides an overview of 15th century Italian art and artists. It discusses key developments in Florence, including the patronage of wealthy families like the Medici, advances in architecture by Brunelleschi, and influential sculptors and painters such as Donatello, Masaccio, Fra Angelico, Uccello, and Botticelli. It also covers artistic centers that developed in other northern Italian cities like Urbino under Federico da Montefeltro, where Piero della Francesca worked, and Mantua under the Gonzaga family, where Mantegna frescoed the Camera Picta. The document concludes with mentions of Ghirlandaio's frescoes for the Sassetti Chapel and
Gothic sculpture evolved from the Early Gothic period to the High Gothic period towards greater naturalism and accurate representation of the human form. Sculptures on Gothic cathedrals, which served as "Bibles for the poor", became more three-dimensional, showed a greater sense of the body beneath drapery, and had more realistic proportions and facial expressions. This naturalism was influenced by the rediscovery of classical learning at universities and a new interest in scientific observation and recorded reality.
Art History Survey: 17th Century Art in EuropePaige Prater
This document provides an overview of European art and history from the Baroque period. It discusses key artistic styles, artists, and works from the 17th century in countries like France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Spain. Major topics covered include the Counter Reformation, the development of Baroque art as Catholic propaganda, and influential artists like Caravaggio, Bernini, Rubens, Rembrandt, and Poussin. The document also briefly outlines scientific developments and provides biographical details of French kings like Louis XIV during this time period.
The Gothic style originated in the 12th century at the Abbey Church of St. Denis in France. Abbot Suger rebuilt the choir and added a new west front, flooding the church with light from large stained glass windows. This inspired the Gothic architectural innovations of pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses which allowed buildings to be constructed much taller, with huge walls of glass. Gothic cathedrals like Notre Dame and Chartres featured immense rose windows and narratives in stained glass that served as "bibles for the poor." Wealthy patrons and trade guilds donated windows to enhance their prestige and commemorate their patron saints.
Art History Survey II: 15th &16th Century Art in Northern Europe/Iberian Peni...Paige Prater
A introduction to key artists, regions, religions, and history of the northern Renaissance and Iberian peninsula. Based off of Stokstad's Art History textbook, Volume II, 3rd edition.
The document provides images and descriptions of artworks from Late Antiquity through the Romanesque period in Europe, with a focus on architectural developments. Key points covered include the transition from pagan Roman styles to Early Christian art in the 4th century; the emergence of Byzantine art with its emphasis on flat, frontal figures; and the rise of major Romanesque church buildings across Europe in the 11th-12th centuries featuring stone construction, rounded arches, and vaulted ceilings. Significant architects and artistic centers discussed are Justinian's Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and churches in Ravenna, as well as cathedrals built in France, Germany, England, and Italy between the 11th-12th
This document provides an overview of artworks from the Late Gothic period to the Renaissance in three sentences:
It begins with Italian artworks from the 13th century that showed early innovations in perspective and lighting, including works by Cimabue, Giotto, and Duccio. Important 15th century Northern Renaissance artists like van Eyck and van der Weyden are highlighted for their advancements in oil painting technique. The High Renaissance saw masters like Leonardo, Raphael, Michelangelo and Titian produce iconic works that epitomized the period's ideals of proportion, anatomy, and realistic rendering through masterful use of things like fresco, sculpture and oil painting.
The document discusses Byzantine art from the early to late periods. It focuses on Constantinople's Hagia Sophia and Ravenna's San Vitale as defining examples of early Byzantine architecture that combined Roman and Eastern influences. The document also examines the religious controversies around icons, the triumph of iconophiles, and common styles of the middle Byzantine period like the Dormition Church mosaics. Late Byzantine art is described as maintaining a conventional spiritual vision despite Western Crusader destruction and influence.
The document discusses the development of Renaissance art and humanism in 15th century Florence. It describes competitions between Brunelleschi and Ghiberti to design doors for the Florence Baptistery, with Ghiberti being awarded the commission. Masaccio is highlighted as an innovator for his use of linear perspective and realistic anatomy in frescoes. Donatello and other sculptors like Nanni di Banco and Ghiberti created works reflecting Renaissance ideals and a revival of classical forms. Neoplatonism became an influential philosophy embraced by the powerful Medici family.
The document provides an overview of notable landmarks, museums, and works of art in Rome and the Vatican. It mentions the Galleria Borghese museum containing works by Bernini, Caravaggio, and Raphael. In the Vatican, it highlights Bernini's Baldacchino and other works in St. Peter's Basilica, Michelangelo's Pieta, the Vatican Museums containing works by Raphael, Michelangelo, Caravaggio and others. It also briefly describes other major sites around Rome including the Colosseum, Pantheon, Roman Forum, Trajan's Column, and famous squares like Piazza Navona.
During the 15th century Quattrocento period in Italy, major developments in art and architecture occurred. Humanism flourished alongside innovations like perspective, modeling, and anatomy in works. Sculptors like Donatello and Ghiberti produced influential works in Florence, while Brunelleschi pioneered new architectural techniques. Painters such as Masaccio and Botticelli produced masterworks reflecting Renaissance ideals of naturalism and classical influence under the patronage of the powerful Medici family.
Late Antique and Early Christian Art chronicles the development of Christian art from the 1st century AD to the 6th century AD. Key events included the crucifixion of Christ, periods of Christian persecution, and the Edict of Milan which legalized Christianity. Early Christian art incorporated symbols like the Good Shepherd and used artistic programs to teach biblical stories in places like catacombs, churches, and manuscripts. Significant works included the Dura Europos synagogue and baptistery paintings, as well as later Byzantine-style mosaics in churches like Santa Costanza and San Vitale.
This document provides an overview of Islamic art and architecture. It outlines the goals of understanding the origins of Islam and how it is manifested in art and architecture. It examines early Islamic architecture derived from Muslim beliefs and traditions. Key architectural structures are discussed like the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and Great Mosque in Damascus. The document also covers the development of architectural elements in mosques, madrasas and mausoleums across the Islamic world. Luxury arts like calligraphy, tilework, mosaic and carpet weaving are explored as expressions of Islamic ideas.
The Proto-Renaissance in Italy from 1200-1400 saw a transition away from the Italo-Byzantine style. Artists like Cimabue and Duccio incorporated more realistic elements like realistic perspective and proportions in their works. Giotto is considered a pioneer of the Renaissance for works like the Scrovegni Chapel frescoes which used techniques like foreshortening and chiaroscuro modeling to depict religious scenes in a naturalistic style. Simone Martini's Annunciation and Ambrogio Lorenzetti's Effects of Good and Bad Government frescoes further advanced realistic painting techniques.
The document outlines major periods in the history of art from prehistoric times to postmodernism. It provides examples of key artworks and characteristics for each period including: cave paintings from prehistoric times; classical Greek sculptures; Gothic, Romanesque, and Byzantine architectural styles of the medieval period; idealized figures from the Renaissance; exaggerated Baroque and Rococo styles; experiments with form and subject matter in modernism; and emphasis on materials and processes in postmodernism.
The document provides an overview of Romanesque art between the 11th and 12th centuries in Western Europe. It describes how new architectural techniques like stone vaulting allowed churches to become larger and more impressive. It also discusses increased pilgrimages, trade, and growth of cities as influences. Examples of key Romanesque churches are given from France, Germany, Italy, England, and other regions to illustrate common artistic styles and regional variations in this period.
The document summarizes developments in northern Europe between 1400-1500. Key points include:
- The emergence of great wealth from individual accomplishment rather than inheritance fueled learning and creativity in the Renaissance.
- Interest grew in observing the natural world and portraying individual personalities in portraits.
- Cities like Dijon thrived under powerful dukes like Philip the Bold, who patronized northern Renaissance art.
- Artists like Jan van Eyck advanced oil painting techniques and created masterworks depicting religious and secular subjects with intricate symbols.
The document discusses several important Byzantine architectural and artistic works from the 6th-11th centuries, including:
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, constructed between 532-537 under Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus.
The mosaics of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy dating from 526-547 depicting Justinian, Theodora and other figures.
Sant'Apollinare in Classe in Ravenna with 6th century mosaics depicting Saint Apollinaris amid sheep.
Several other churches and artworks are mentioned from the 6th-14th centuries showcasing the Byzantine artistic tradition
This document provides an overview of European art from the 15th to 18th centuries, beginning with the Northern Renaissance. Key developments include the influence of Italian Renaissance ideas on Northern European artists like Durer, the rise of printmaking and realism, and the effects of the Reformation and capitalism on art. The document then covers Mannerism, the Baroque styles in Italy and Spain characterized by elaborate compositions and drama, and the Baroque in Northern Europe as seen in the works of Rubens, Rembrandt, and Vermeer. Rococo art is described as delicate and sensual. Finally, Neoclassicism is presented as a rejection of the aristocracy in favor of democratic ideals inspired by antiquity. Major artists represented
This document provides an overview of early medieval art in Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It discusses the artistic traditions of the Merovingians, Saxons, Vikings, and Insular art in Britain and Ireland between the 6th-10th centuries. Key developments included illuminated manuscripts like the Book of Kells and Lindisfarne Gospels, as well as Celtic stone crosses. The rise of the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne led to a revival of classical forms. Major artworks included the coronation Gospels and Aachen Palatine Chapel. Under the Ottonian dynasty in Germany, Romanesque architecture and bronze doors emerged at churches like Hildesheim Cathedral between the
A slideshow connected to a lecture of Northern Renaissance Art available at Art History Teaching Resources (http://arthistoryteachingresources.org/), written by Christina McCollum.
1. The document provides an overview of early medieval art in Europe after the fall of Rome, summarizing artistic traditions of the Merovingians, Saxons, Vikings, Hiberno-Saxons, Carolingians, and Ottonians.
2. It examines architectural forms and illuminated manuscripts produced during these periods, noting the adaptation of indigenous styles to Christianity. Manuscripts from the Book of Kells and Lindisfarne Gospels are highlighted.
3. Sculpture from the Ottonian period is discussed, including works from Hildesheim commissioned by Bishop Bernward.
The document summarizes early Christian and Jewish art from archaeological sites in the Roman province of Syria. Excavations at Dura Europas uncovered 17 places of worship, including the oldest synagogue and one of the earliest Christian churches. Frescoes in the synagogue depicted scenes from the Hebrew Bible in the Roman style. Both Christians and Jews practiced inhumation and used house churches and symbolism to avoid detection while their religions were forbidden. Funerary art incorporated Jewish and Christian symbols. The catacombs of Rome provided underground burial spaces decorated with biblical scenes expressing hope for salvation.
AHTR Sixteenth-Century Northern Europe and IberiaAHTR
A slideshow connected to a lecture of Sixteenth-Century Northern Europe and Iberian Art available at Art History Teaching Resources (http://arthistoryteachingresources.org/), written by Maureen McGuire.
The document discusses the impact of the Black Death pandemic in Europe in the 14th century. It killed 30-60% of the population, reducing numbers from 450 million to between 350-375 million by 1400. This labor shortage improved conditions for peasants and marked the rise of the middle class. The Renaissance period that followed was characterized by a renewed interest in classical art and literature. Major artists like Giotto, Donatello, Botticelli, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci emerged and pioneered new styles and techniques that defined the era.
The document summarizes aspects of life during the Renaissance period in Europe. It describes how the Black Plague devastated the population in the 1300s and weakened the authority of the Catholic Church. Art from this period featured unrealistic human figures with an emphasis on religious subjects as a response to the plague and turmoil. Notable Renaissance artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and others emerged and pioneered new styles that reflected a renewed interest in classical antiquity.
The document provides images and descriptions of artworks from Late Antiquity through the Romanesque period in Europe, with a focus on architectural developments. Key points covered include the transition from pagan Roman styles to Early Christian art in the 4th century; the emergence of Byzantine art with its emphasis on flat, frontal figures; and the rise of major Romanesque church buildings across Europe in the 11th-12th centuries featuring stone construction, rounded arches, and vaulted ceilings. Significant architects and artistic centers discussed are Justinian's Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and churches in Ravenna, as well as cathedrals built in France, Germany, England, and Italy between the 11th-12th
This document provides an overview of artworks from the Late Gothic period to the Renaissance in three sentences:
It begins with Italian artworks from the 13th century that showed early innovations in perspective and lighting, including works by Cimabue, Giotto, and Duccio. Important 15th century Northern Renaissance artists like van Eyck and van der Weyden are highlighted for their advancements in oil painting technique. The High Renaissance saw masters like Leonardo, Raphael, Michelangelo and Titian produce iconic works that epitomized the period's ideals of proportion, anatomy, and realistic rendering through masterful use of things like fresco, sculpture and oil painting.
The document discusses Byzantine art from the early to late periods. It focuses on Constantinople's Hagia Sophia and Ravenna's San Vitale as defining examples of early Byzantine architecture that combined Roman and Eastern influences. The document also examines the religious controversies around icons, the triumph of iconophiles, and common styles of the middle Byzantine period like the Dormition Church mosaics. Late Byzantine art is described as maintaining a conventional spiritual vision despite Western Crusader destruction and influence.
The document discusses the development of Renaissance art and humanism in 15th century Florence. It describes competitions between Brunelleschi and Ghiberti to design doors for the Florence Baptistery, with Ghiberti being awarded the commission. Masaccio is highlighted as an innovator for his use of linear perspective and realistic anatomy in frescoes. Donatello and other sculptors like Nanni di Banco and Ghiberti created works reflecting Renaissance ideals and a revival of classical forms. Neoplatonism became an influential philosophy embraced by the powerful Medici family.
The document provides an overview of notable landmarks, museums, and works of art in Rome and the Vatican. It mentions the Galleria Borghese museum containing works by Bernini, Caravaggio, and Raphael. In the Vatican, it highlights Bernini's Baldacchino and other works in St. Peter's Basilica, Michelangelo's Pieta, the Vatican Museums containing works by Raphael, Michelangelo, Caravaggio and others. It also briefly describes other major sites around Rome including the Colosseum, Pantheon, Roman Forum, Trajan's Column, and famous squares like Piazza Navona.
During the 15th century Quattrocento period in Italy, major developments in art and architecture occurred. Humanism flourished alongside innovations like perspective, modeling, and anatomy in works. Sculptors like Donatello and Ghiberti produced influential works in Florence, while Brunelleschi pioneered new architectural techniques. Painters such as Masaccio and Botticelli produced masterworks reflecting Renaissance ideals of naturalism and classical influence under the patronage of the powerful Medici family.
Late Antique and Early Christian Art chronicles the development of Christian art from the 1st century AD to the 6th century AD. Key events included the crucifixion of Christ, periods of Christian persecution, and the Edict of Milan which legalized Christianity. Early Christian art incorporated symbols like the Good Shepherd and used artistic programs to teach biblical stories in places like catacombs, churches, and manuscripts. Significant works included the Dura Europos synagogue and baptistery paintings, as well as later Byzantine-style mosaics in churches like Santa Costanza and San Vitale.
This document provides an overview of Islamic art and architecture. It outlines the goals of understanding the origins of Islam and how it is manifested in art and architecture. It examines early Islamic architecture derived from Muslim beliefs and traditions. Key architectural structures are discussed like the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and Great Mosque in Damascus. The document also covers the development of architectural elements in mosques, madrasas and mausoleums across the Islamic world. Luxury arts like calligraphy, tilework, mosaic and carpet weaving are explored as expressions of Islamic ideas.
The Proto-Renaissance in Italy from 1200-1400 saw a transition away from the Italo-Byzantine style. Artists like Cimabue and Duccio incorporated more realistic elements like realistic perspective and proportions in their works. Giotto is considered a pioneer of the Renaissance for works like the Scrovegni Chapel frescoes which used techniques like foreshortening and chiaroscuro modeling to depict religious scenes in a naturalistic style. Simone Martini's Annunciation and Ambrogio Lorenzetti's Effects of Good and Bad Government frescoes further advanced realistic painting techniques.
The document outlines major periods in the history of art from prehistoric times to postmodernism. It provides examples of key artworks and characteristics for each period including: cave paintings from prehistoric times; classical Greek sculptures; Gothic, Romanesque, and Byzantine architectural styles of the medieval period; idealized figures from the Renaissance; exaggerated Baroque and Rococo styles; experiments with form and subject matter in modernism; and emphasis on materials and processes in postmodernism.
The document provides an overview of Romanesque art between the 11th and 12th centuries in Western Europe. It describes how new architectural techniques like stone vaulting allowed churches to become larger and more impressive. It also discusses increased pilgrimages, trade, and growth of cities as influences. Examples of key Romanesque churches are given from France, Germany, Italy, England, and other regions to illustrate common artistic styles and regional variations in this period.
The document summarizes developments in northern Europe between 1400-1500. Key points include:
- The emergence of great wealth from individual accomplishment rather than inheritance fueled learning and creativity in the Renaissance.
- Interest grew in observing the natural world and portraying individual personalities in portraits.
- Cities like Dijon thrived under powerful dukes like Philip the Bold, who patronized northern Renaissance art.
- Artists like Jan van Eyck advanced oil painting techniques and created masterworks depicting religious and secular subjects with intricate symbols.
The document discusses several important Byzantine architectural and artistic works from the 6th-11th centuries, including:
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, constructed between 532-537 under Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus.
The mosaics of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy dating from 526-547 depicting Justinian, Theodora and other figures.
Sant'Apollinare in Classe in Ravenna with 6th century mosaics depicting Saint Apollinaris amid sheep.
Several other churches and artworks are mentioned from the 6th-14th centuries showcasing the Byzantine artistic tradition
This document provides an overview of European art from the 15th to 18th centuries, beginning with the Northern Renaissance. Key developments include the influence of Italian Renaissance ideas on Northern European artists like Durer, the rise of printmaking and realism, and the effects of the Reformation and capitalism on art. The document then covers Mannerism, the Baroque styles in Italy and Spain characterized by elaborate compositions and drama, and the Baroque in Northern Europe as seen in the works of Rubens, Rembrandt, and Vermeer. Rococo art is described as delicate and sensual. Finally, Neoclassicism is presented as a rejection of the aristocracy in favor of democratic ideals inspired by antiquity. Major artists represented
This document provides an overview of early medieval art in Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It discusses the artistic traditions of the Merovingians, Saxons, Vikings, and Insular art in Britain and Ireland between the 6th-10th centuries. Key developments included illuminated manuscripts like the Book of Kells and Lindisfarne Gospels, as well as Celtic stone crosses. The rise of the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne led to a revival of classical forms. Major artworks included the coronation Gospels and Aachen Palatine Chapel. Under the Ottonian dynasty in Germany, Romanesque architecture and bronze doors emerged at churches like Hildesheim Cathedral between the
A slideshow connected to a lecture of Northern Renaissance Art available at Art History Teaching Resources (http://arthistoryteachingresources.org/), written by Christina McCollum.
1. The document provides an overview of early medieval art in Europe after the fall of Rome, summarizing artistic traditions of the Merovingians, Saxons, Vikings, Hiberno-Saxons, Carolingians, and Ottonians.
2. It examines architectural forms and illuminated manuscripts produced during these periods, noting the adaptation of indigenous styles to Christianity. Manuscripts from the Book of Kells and Lindisfarne Gospels are highlighted.
3. Sculpture from the Ottonian period is discussed, including works from Hildesheim commissioned by Bishop Bernward.
The document summarizes early Christian and Jewish art from archaeological sites in the Roman province of Syria. Excavations at Dura Europas uncovered 17 places of worship, including the oldest synagogue and one of the earliest Christian churches. Frescoes in the synagogue depicted scenes from the Hebrew Bible in the Roman style. Both Christians and Jews practiced inhumation and used house churches and symbolism to avoid detection while their religions were forbidden. Funerary art incorporated Jewish and Christian symbols. The catacombs of Rome provided underground burial spaces decorated with biblical scenes expressing hope for salvation.
AHTR Sixteenth-Century Northern Europe and IberiaAHTR
A slideshow connected to a lecture of Sixteenth-Century Northern Europe and Iberian Art available at Art History Teaching Resources (http://arthistoryteachingresources.org/), written by Maureen McGuire.
The document discusses the impact of the Black Death pandemic in Europe in the 14th century. It killed 30-60% of the population, reducing numbers from 450 million to between 350-375 million by 1400. This labor shortage improved conditions for peasants and marked the rise of the middle class. The Renaissance period that followed was characterized by a renewed interest in classical art and literature. Major artists like Giotto, Donatello, Botticelli, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci emerged and pioneered new styles and techniques that defined the era.
The document summarizes aspects of life during the Renaissance period in Europe. It describes how the Black Plague devastated the population in the 1300s and weakened the authority of the Catholic Church. Art from this period featured unrealistic human figures with an emphasis on religious subjects as a response to the plague and turmoil. Notable Renaissance artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and others emerged and pioneered new styles that reflected a renewed interest in classical antiquity.
This document discusses developments during the Renaissance period in Italy, including:
- Artists like Giotto and Donatello renewed interest in naturalism and classicism over medieval styles.
- Filippo Brunelleschi's dome for the Florence Cathedral demonstrated innovations in architecture.
- Leonardo da Vinci was a quintessential Renaissance man who excelled in many fields including painting, anatomy, and engineering. His works like the Last Supper and Vitruvian Man exemplified Renaissance ideals.
- Michelangelo was a highly influential sculptor and painter who took naturalism and idealized human forms to new heights.
The document discusses art before and during the Renaissance period. It notes that during the Middle Ages, the church was very powerful in Europe and art was abstract and served to communicate religious ideas to illiterate populations. It contrasts this with Renaissance art which embraced more naturalistic styles and individualism as humanist thought grew. The document uses Giotto as an example of an early Renaissance artist who moved away from medieval abstraction and began directly observing nature.
The Renaissance was a period between 1400-1700 where new ideas in art, expression, and intellectual works flourished. Major writings from ancient Greece and the Middle East were translated into Latin, spreading new ideas. The Renaissance began in Italy, where wealthy merchant cities like Florence and Venice funded the arts. Notable Renaissance figures included Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, who pioneered new styles of art like realistic perspective and emphasis on individual subjects. The Renaissance valued humanism and reason over religious superstition.
The Renaissance was a period between 1400-1700 that saw a rebirth of interest in classical learning and values. Major developments included an emphasis on humanism and reason over religious superstition, and increased access to ancient Greek and Muslim writings through translations into Latin. This led to new ideas exploding across Europe. The Renaissance began in Italy, where wealthy merchant cities like Venice and Florence funded the arts. Iconic Italian Renaissance artists included Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Botticelli. The Northern Renaissance saw a continuation of medieval realism with an emphasis on details, landscapes, middle-class life, and portraiture by artists like Jan van Eyck.
The document provides an overview of developments in European art from approximately 1000 CE to the early 16th century. It summarizes key artistic innovations and movements during this period, including the emergence of Renaissance art and ideals in the 15th-16th centuries with a focus on naturalism, perspective, and the human form. Major artists discussed include Giotto, Donatello, Masaccio, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and their significant works.
The document provides information on numerous artists and works from the Renaissance period in Europe, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Botticelli, and Titian. It discusses their influential paintings, sculptures, and other works that advanced techniques like sfumato, linear perspective, and use of light and shadow. Key artistic developments during this period included greater realism and naturalism in depictions of the human body and nature.
Art has evolved from serving ritual purposes within communities to becoming a commodity. Originally, art was used for rituals like preparing for hunts, as seen in the cave paintings at Lascaux. It also served to decorate dwellings and people to demonstrate beauty, status, and power. Over time, art became expressions of artistic skill and representations of wealth and status through materials like gold and gems. Now, art is often viewed and displayed in museums as cultural objects and commodities.
The Roman Catholic Church formed the bedrock of medieval European culture and wielded great religious and political power. In 1022, it established the College of Cardinals to elect new Popes. It used tactics like excommunication and the Inquisition to enforce doctrine and root out heresy. Individuals like Hildegard of Bingen produced influential religious works that conveyed mystical visions. The rise of towns and new forms of artistic expression like mystery plays also characterized this period.
Martin Luther emphasized that the Bible, not the Pope, was the sole religious authority. He believed that faith alone, not good works, was necessary for salvation. Baroque art emerged during the Counter Reformation and was characterized by dramatic lighting, emotion, and theatricality. Neoclassical art drew from the balanced compositions and restraint of the Italian Renaissance.
The document provides an overview of early human art from the Paleolithic period, beginning around 77,000 BCE. Key points discussed include engraved ochre fragments found at Blombos Cave in South Africa dating to 77,000 BCE, which represent some of the earliest known examples of human artistic expression. Other early art discussed includes cave paintings from Lascaux, France around 15,000-13,000 BCE depicting animals such as bison and horses. The document examines debates around defining art and discusses how archaeological discoveries are continually updating our understanding of early human history and artistic practices.
The Roman Catholic Church formed the bedrock of medieval European culture and held great religious and political power. In 1022 it established the College of Cardinals to elect new Popes. It used tactics like excommunication and the Inquisition to enforce doctrine and root out heresy. The Church also took on social roles like providing hospitals, schools, and aid to the poor. It held a near monopoly on salvation through controlling access to sacraments until the 16th century reforms.
The document provides an overview of the High Renaissance period in Italy from 1500-1524. It discusses important artists of the time like Leonardo da Vinci, Bramante, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bellini, Giorgione and Titian. Their works embodied classical ideals of balance, symmetry, and ideal proportions. Key locations included Rome, which saw a revitalization under Pope Julius II, and Venice, where artists used oil paint and canvas to create colorful works with sensuous forms.
The document provides an overview of important figures and works from the Renaissance period in Italy, including paintings, sculptures, architects and their major works. Key artists mentioned are Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Botticelli, Titian, Giotto and others. Their most famous works are cited such as the Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, David, The School of Athens and more. The document also discusses some of the key developments and influences of the Renaissance.
AT 10001 Lectures 3_4 Quattrocento Italy.pptxChristosA1
The document discusses developments in art and culture in 15th century Florence, known as the Quattrocento period. It describes the expansion of humanism and emphasis on education, as well as major artistic developments like linear perspective pioneered by Brunelleschi. A key event was a competition for the Baptistery doors, won by Ghiberti, which showcased the confrontation between Gothic and classical styles. Donatello's sculptures like the David were among the first freestanding nudes since antiquity. Painters like Masaccio and Uccello mastered techniques like linear perspective and foreshortening in their frescoes.
The document discusses developments in art and culture in 15th century Florence, known as the Quattrocento period. It highlights the expansion of humanism and emphasis on education, as well as major artistic developments like linear perspective pioneered by Brunelleschi. Two key events discussed are the competition for the Baptistery doors won by Ghiberti, and Donatello's statues of David and Gattamelata, which revived classical styles of freestanding nude figures. Major artists of the time like Masaccio, Botticelli, and Uccello incorporated these developments and influenced the transition to the Renaissance.
This document provides an overview of the history of art from prehistoric times through the Romantic period. It begins with prehistoric cave paintings from as early as 40,000 BC and discusses the development of art in ancient Greece and Rome. Medieval art is classified into Early Christian, Byzantine, and Gothic styles. The Renaissance period saw a focus on realism and humanism in art and is divided into Early, High, and Mannerist Renaissance. Baroque art emphasized emotion and drama through techniques like tenebrism. Rococo art had a lighter, pastoral style. Romantic art expressed intense emotions and glorified nature. Key artists mentioned include Michelangelo, da Vinci, Caravaggio, Watteau
1. The document traces the development of medieval European civilization from the post-Roman period through the Renaissance. Key periods discussed include the Dark Ages, the rise of Christianity and the influence of the Black Death in the 14th century.
2. Artworks from Italian cities like Florence, Siena and Padua are examined, including Giotto's frescoes in the Arena Chapel and works by Duccio di Buoninsegne. Ambrogio Lorenzetti's frescoes depicting the effects of good and bad government in Siena are also discussed.
3. The document explores the growth of humanism during the Renaissance, with figures like Petrarch, Machiavelli and others
AHTR Art and Cultural Heritage Looting and DestructionAHTR
A slideshow connected to a lecture on Art and Cultural Heritage Looting and Destruction available at Art History Teaching Resources (http://arthistoryteachingresources.org/), written by Rhonda Reymond.
This document provides an introduction to a presentation about Angiola Churchill and how Greenwich Village in the 1930s-1940s incubated her development as an artist. The document outlines the presentation's parts which will discuss Churchill's early life, the artistic context of Greenwich Village during that period, and how that influenced and directed Churchill's work. It includes historical photographs of Greenwich Village from that time period showing artistic hotspots like art galleries, restaurants, bars, and ateliers that were centers of creativity and influenced Churchill as she invented herself as an artist.
This document discusses the concept of games and gamification. It provides objectives to dig into the idea of games, play a game, think, and transfer the experience to work. It is divided into four parts: an introduction to games, a demo round of a game, connecting the experience to work, and prizes and reflection. The game involves picking cards that represent cultures or opinions and having a conversation. The document suggests that games can be used to practice skills for life and work by incorporating elements of empowerment, social influence, and unpredictability. It provides several references on topics related to games, gamification, and applying game concepts to marketing.
This document contains over 50 quotes about creativity, learning, innovation, and making. Many of the quotes emphasize the importance of curiosity, having an open mind, combining ideas in new ways, learning from mistakes, and pushing boundaries. The overall message conveyed is that making, learning, and creativity require stepping outside of established paths and seeing things with new eyes.
This document provides tips for making makers and developing mastery. It discusses providing materials to spark creativity and problem solving. Mastery involves comprehensive knowledge through practice over many hours. The tips emphasize thinking generatively, using experience as a rich source of ideas, developing wonder, and supporting individual and team mastery through deconstructing processes to teach skills. The overall message is that providing opportunities to make things can help people develop as makers and master skills through hands-on learning.
The Naked Truth About Digital Talent (and skills)Lori Kent
This document proposes a panel discussion at SXSW Interactive 2015 about the most essential digital skills needed in today's workforce and how to educate people on these skills, as digital knowledge remains elusive and new skills are needed urgently. The panel would be led by a technologist and educator to have an open discussion on ending the fear around digital skills and instead embracing learning.
This document proposes a panel discussion at SXSW 2015 about making and encouraging a maker mindset. It asks why making has become so popular, whether everyone is or should be a maker, and how making works in the 21st century workplace. The panel aims to have an honest conversation about fearless making and inspiring this approach.
This document provides a list of recommended readings for building a digital education program. It includes articles on learning through design thinking, the importance of play, reclaiming creative confidence, why failure can lead to success, hackathon culture, changing digital job titles in advertising agencies, whether code can be learned in one day, the widening talent gap in advertising, how all employees must now have technology skills, and why the advertising industry faces a talent rut.
This document provides the transcript of a lecture given by Dr. Lori Kent on the topic of where art comes from from an artist's perspective. It discusses various influences on art such as memory, imagination, experience, representation, passion, and re-presentation. It provides examples of artworks from different time periods and contexts, including the Holocaust and natural disasters, to illustrate how artists draw from collective and personal memories and experiences to create work that represents and comments on the world around them.
"Short Tales from the Foundations Studio" FATE/CAA 2013Lori Kent
The visual materials from 11 participants at the FATE session during the 2013 College Art Association Conference. The "lesson plans" are in a separate PDF download at this site. Please contact instructors directly with questions or comments. Thank you.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides an introduction to a 12-part drawing instruction series by artist James McMullan in The New York Times. The series will cover basic drawing elements like line, perspective, proportion and structure. It will use examples from art history and encourage readers to practice with a pencil. McMullan's goal is to help readers strengthen their ability to observe accurately and translate their observations into drawings.
The document discusses the evolving definitions of art throughout history. It explores how art has been defined based on imitation, representation, originality, symbolism, and cultural and economic value. The definition of art has changed over time from a focus on skilled imitation to idea-based works, and determining what makes something a work of art has proven difficult.
The document provides a series of drawing exercises for artists to practice different drawing techniques including: drawing a circle in one motion without picking up your pencil, drawing "happy" and "introverted" lines, drawing yourself as a superhero inspired by a child's drawing, drawing your daily commute to Hunter College through pictures only, drawing the person you most admire, and drawing yourself using only vegetable parts inspired by Arcimboldo's work. The exercises are intended to help artists develop skills in areas like form, light/dark, texture, and line.
The document discusses the 1932 German film Kuhle Wampe directed by Slatan Dudow. Some key points:
- It was the first sound film produced by the political left in Germany and had a low budget.
- It took over a year to produce due to censorship issues and financial troubles with multiple production companies involved.
- Many of the filmmakers and actors involved were accomplished in leftist theater and agitprop groups in Germany at the time.
A [Brief] History of [Digital] Future (revised)Lori Kent
Presentation for Goodby, Silverstein & Partners on the topics of "universals, originality/progress, and uncertainty." Examples from the visual arts are used.
2. Okay, this most likely will NOT happen to you, but Q: If you were on death row and were able to request a last meal, what would it be? Describe in detail and/or draw.
28. Title : Interior of the sanctuary of the Mosque at Córdoba Artist : n/a Date : 786-987 Source/Museum : Spain, Werner Forman/Art Resource, New York. Medium : n/a Size : n/a
86. Botticelli was a Neoplatonist… through the study of beauty the inherently corrupt soul could transform its love for the physical and material into a purely spiritual love of God.
99. Shen Zhou. Poet on a Mountaintop . Ming dynasty, c. 1500. 15 1/4 x 23 3/4 in.
100. Attributed to Soami. Garden of the Dasisen-in of Daitokuji . Morimachi period, c. 1510–25.
101. Teotihuacán, Mexico, as seen from the Pyramid of the Moon, looking south down the Avenue of the Dead, the Pyramid of the Sun at the left. c. 350–650 CE .
102. Funerary lid of the sarcophagus of Pacal. 683 CE . 12 ft. 6 in. x 7 ft.
103. Rubbing of Funerary lid of the sarcophagus of Pacal. 683 CE . 12 ft. 6 in. x 7 ft.
110. Tintoretto. The Miracle of the Slave . 1548. approximately 14 x 18 ft.
Editor's Notes
A labyrinth is an ancient symbol that relates to wholeness. It combines the imagery of the circle and the spiral into a meandering but purposeful path. It represents a journey to our own center and back again out into the world. Labyrinths have long been used as meditation and prayer tools. A labyrinth is an archetype with which we can have a direct experience. Walking the labyrinth can be considered an initiation in which one awakens the knowledge encoded within their DNA.
A labyrinth is an ancient symbol that relates to wholeness. It combines the imagery of the circle and the spiral into a meandering but purposeful path. It represents a journey to our own center and back again out into the world. Labyrinths have long been used as meditation and prayer tools. A labyrinth is an archetype with which we can have a direct experience. Walking the labyrinth can be considered an initiation in which one awakens the knowledge encoded within their DNA.
70 hits by WWII bombing
Saint Vitalis, martyred in 250 under the persecution of Decius,
Saint Vitalis, martyred in 250 under the persecution of Decius,
The approach of the ensemble Cortesia to the interpretation of music and dance is based upon research, study and reconstruction of original written records. With special attention and devotion they perform works of art composed by authors whose artistic activity was connected in the past with the territory of contemporary Slovenia.
Founded by Cosimo I de' Medici, on 13 January 1563, under the influence of the architect Giorgio Vasari, it had been initially denominated Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno—Academy and Company for the Arts of Drawing—as it was divided into two different operative branches.
Founded by Cosimo I de' Medici, on 13 January 1563, under the influence of the architect Giorgio Vasari, it had been initially denominated Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno—Academy and Company for the Arts of Drawing—as it was divided into two different operative branches.
Founded by Cosimo I de' Medici, on 13 January 1563, under the influence of the architect Giorgio Vasari, it had been initially denominated Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno—Academy and Company for the Arts of Drawing—as it was divided into two different operative branches.
1268
Do you not know that chaste women stay fresh much more than those who are not chaste? How much more in the case of the Virgin, who had never experienced the least lascivious desire that might change her body? As many readers know, on May 21 1972, a Hungarian-born geologist who had spent too much time in the Australian outback slipped into St Peter's Basilica in Rome, part of the crowd attending the Whitsunday Mass. Lazlo Toth was at the time 33 years old, and was under the delusion that he was Jesus Christ. I knew Mr Toth in the days and months prior to his infamous attack, and here is my story.
was born of a noble family at Ferrara and in 1474 – Lorenzo - The republic of Florence was to be a Christian commonwealth, of which God was the sole sovereign, and His Gospel the law: the most stringent enactments were made for the repression of vice and frivolity. Gambling was prohibited an the vanities of dress were restrained by sumptuary laws. Even the women flocked to the public square to fling down their costliest ornaments and Savonarola's followers made huge "bonfires of the vanities."