This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNA, nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNA, nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNA, nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
Algosec how to avoid business outages from misconfigured devices finalMaytal Levi
A single change to a network device can have a far reaching effect on your business. It can create security holes for cyber criminals, impact your regulatory audit, and even cause costly outages that can bring your business to a standstill – as we have recently seen in the news!
This technical webinar will walk you a variety of use cases where device misconfigurations typically occur, including a basic device change, business application connectivity changes, and data center migrations. It will provide both best practices and demonstrate specific techniques to help you understand and avoid misconfigurations and ultimately prevent damage to your business, including how to:
* Understand and map your enterprise infrastructure topology before you make a change
* Proactively assess the impact of a change to ensure it does not break connectivity, affect compliance or create a security hole
* Common mistakes to avoid when making changes to your network security devices
* How to better understand business requirements from the network security perspective
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNA, nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNA, nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNA, nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
Algosec how to avoid business outages from misconfigured devices finalMaytal Levi
A single change to a network device can have a far reaching effect on your business. It can create security holes for cyber criminals, impact your regulatory audit, and even cause costly outages that can bring your business to a standstill – as we have recently seen in the news!
This technical webinar will walk you a variety of use cases where device misconfigurations typically occur, including a basic device change, business application connectivity changes, and data center migrations. It will provide both best practices and demonstrate specific techniques to help you understand and avoid misconfigurations and ultimately prevent damage to your business, including how to:
* Understand and map your enterprise infrastructure topology before you make a change
* Proactively assess the impact of a change to ensure it does not break connectivity, affect compliance or create a security hole
* Common mistakes to avoid when making changes to your network security devices
* How to better understand business requirements from the network security perspective
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNP nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
A single change to a network device can have far reaching effects on your business. It can create security holes for cyber criminals, impact your regulatory audit, and even cause costly outages that can bring your business to a standstill!
In this technical webinar, Anner Kushnir, VP Technology at AlgoSec, will present several examples of common misconfigurations; including a basic device change, business application connectivity changes, and data center migrations. The webinar will cover best practices and demonstrate specific techniques to help you understand and avoid misconfigurations, and ultimately protect your business from attack.
Join the webinar to discover how to:
•Understand and map your enterprise infrastructure topology before you make a change
•Proactively assess the impact of a change to ensure it does not break connectivity, affect compliance or create a security hole
•Avoid common mistakes when making changes to your network security devices
•Understand business requirements from the network security perspective
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Misconfigurations aren’t simply inconvenient mistakes but serious security threats. According to Gartner, 99% of all firewall breaches will be caused by misconfigurations by 2020 and misconfigurations made OWASP’s list of Top 10 most critical web application security risks.
A single change to a network device can have far-reaching effects on your business and create security holes for cybercriminals, impact your audits, and cause costly outages that bring your business to a standstill.
In this webinar, Avivi Siman-Tov, AlgoSec’s Director of Product, will show examples of common misconfigurations, including device changes, business application connectivity changes, and data center migrations. He will also reveal specific techniques to help you avoid them.
Watch the webinar to learn how to:
Understand and map your entire network before you make a change
Proactively assess the impact of a change to ensure it does not break connectivity, affect compliance or create a security hole and understand the impact of changes to your entire network
Maximize the capabilities of network management automation to avoid common misconfigurations
Avoid common mistakes when making changes to your network security devices
Catalog thiết bị đóng cắt Fuji Electric - Miniature Circuit Breakers BC-E Series - Fuji Electric
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CTY TNHH HẠO PHƯƠNG - Nhà phân phối chính thức các thiết bị điện công nghiệp và tự động hóa của hãng FUJI ELECTRIC JAPAN tại Việt Nam
Xem chi tiết các sản phẩm Fuji Electric tại
http://haophuong.com/b1033533/fuji-electric
Cisco catalyst 2960 plus series switch datasheetAmy Huang
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This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNP nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
A single change to a network device can have far reaching effects on your business. It can create security holes for cyber criminals, impact your regulatory audit, and even cause costly outages that can bring your business to a standstill!
In this technical webinar, Anner Kushnir, VP Technology at AlgoSec, will present several examples of common misconfigurations; including a basic device change, business application connectivity changes, and data center migrations. The webinar will cover best practices and demonstrate specific techniques to help you understand and avoid misconfigurations, and ultimately protect your business from attack.
Join the webinar to discover how to:
•Understand and map your enterprise infrastructure topology before you make a change
•Proactively assess the impact of a change to ensure it does not break connectivity, affect compliance or create a security hole
•Avoid common mistakes when making changes to your network security devices
•Understand business requirements from the network security perspective
Cessation of Misconfigurations: Common Network Misconfiguration Risks & How t...AlgoSec
Misconfigurations aren’t simply inconvenient mistakes but serious security threats. According to Gartner, 99% of all firewall breaches will be caused by misconfigurations by 2020 and misconfigurations made OWASP’s list of Top 10 most critical web application security risks.
A single change to a network device can have far-reaching effects on your business and create security holes for cybercriminals, impact your audits, and cause costly outages that bring your business to a standstill.
In this webinar, Avivi Siman-Tov, AlgoSec’s Director of Product, will show examples of common misconfigurations, including device changes, business application connectivity changes, and data center migrations. He will also reveal specific techniques to help you avoid them.
Watch the webinar to learn how to:
Understand and map your entire network before you make a change
Proactively assess the impact of a change to ensure it does not break connectivity, affect compliance or create a security hole and understand the impact of changes to your entire network
Maximize the capabilities of network management automation to avoid common misconfigurations
Avoid common mistakes when making changes to your network security devices
Catalog thiết bị đóng cắt Fuji Electric - Miniature Circuit Breakers BC-E Series - Fuji Electric
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CTY TNHH HẠO PHƯƠNG - Nhà phân phối chính thức các thiết bị điện công nghiệp và tự động hóa của hãng FUJI ELECTRIC JAPAN tại Việt Nam
Xem chi tiết các sản phẩm Fuji Electric tại
http://haophuong.com/b1033533/fuji-electric
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Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
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LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
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- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
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- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
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- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
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Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
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We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
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GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
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Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
001 network toi_basics_v1
1. <Insert Picture Here>
Network TOI for NAS (Basic)
2013.11.27
Hisao Tsujimura
Sr. Technical Support Engineer
Storage Technology Service Center, Oracle Tokyo
5. How Ethernet Works?
You check baggage claim tags (MAC Address) and pick up the bag
(frame) when the tag matches.
!5
6. Simplified Frame Format
•MAC address – 6 byte address (48bits), first 3 bytes indicate vendor. (OUI)
802.3 Ethernet II Frame
Destination
Source
Ethernet II
MAC Address MAC Address Payload (up to 1500 bytes)
802.1Q Frame (Tagged VLAN)
Destination
Source
VLAN ID Ethernet II
MAC Address MAC Address (4 bytes) Payload (up to 1500 bytes)
•Switch port settings have to match with what frame format to manage.
•The destination MAC address of all 1 (FF: FF: FF: FF: FF: FF) means broadcast.
•OUI search at IEEE < http://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/oui/public.html>
!6
7. Hubs
Frame 1:
Dst: 00:12:F0:00:00:10
Src: 00:12:F0:00:00:01
Node1 (Intel Card)
00:12:F0:00:00:01
Node2 (Intel Card)
00:12:F0:00:00:10
Node3 (Cisco Port)
00:05:9B:00:00:10
•Every node receives all frames
•Each node discards frames not addressed to them.
•If the destination is broadcast, all nodes process the frame.
!7
8. (2)
Switches
MAC table
Port #2 00:12:F0:00:00:10
Frame 1: (1)
Dst: 00:12:F0:00:00:10
Src: 00:12:F0:00:00:01
Frame 2: (3)
Dst: 00:12:F0:00:00:10
Src: 00:12:F0:00:00:01
Node1 (Intel Card)
00:12:F0:00:00:01
(1)
(3)
Node2 (Intel Card)
00:12:F0:00:00:10
(1)
Node3 (Cisco Port)
00:05:9B:00:00:10
•Every node receives the frames if the destination is not on switch’s mac table
•No other node receives frames if not addressed to them after the first frame.
•Frames with broadcast is sent to all ports.
!8
9. VLAN – Logical Partitioning of Switch
Frame 1: (VLAN2)
Dst: 00:12:F0:00:00:10
Src: 00:12:F0:00:00:01
VLAN 2
VLAN 3
Frame 2: (VLAN2)
Dst: 00:05:9B:00:00:10
Src: 00:12:F0:00:00:01
Node1 (Intel Card)
00:12:F0:00:00:01
Node2 (Intel Card)
00:12:F0:00:00:10
Node3 (Cisco Port)
00:05:9B:00:00:10
•Different VLAN ID means different logical switch.
•No way to go beyond the VLAN boundary unless routed.
•Therefore frame is invalid for transmission.
!9
10. Checking Mac Address
-bash-4.1$ more ifconfig-a.out
lo0: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232 index 1
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
igb0: flags=1000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 5
inet 172.23.210.177 netmask ffffff80 broadcast 172.23.210.255
ether 0:10:e0:35:e0:5c
igb1: flags=1000842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 4
inet 172.23.210.179 netmask ffffff80 broadcast 172.23.210.255
ether 0:10:e0:35:e0:5d
ipmp1: flags=8001000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,IPMP> mtu 65520 index 6
inet 192.168.28.1 netmask fffffc00 broadcast 192.168.31.255
groupname ipmp1
lo0: flags=2002000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv6,VIRTUAL> mtu 8252 index 1
inet6 ::1/128
!10
12. ARP – Find MAC address from IP Address
Bean
!12
13. ARP – Find MAC address from IP Address
•Destination Mac Address is FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
•Asks “Who is IP of aa.bb.cc.dd”
ARP Request Packet (Simplified)
Ethernet Header)
Destination
Source
Frame
MAC Address MAC Address Type
(All 1)
…
ARP Request
Source
Source
Destination
Destination
MAC Address IP Address MAC Address IP Address
(All 1)
!13
14. ARP
ARP Request
Who is 192.168.100.1?
Node1 (Intel Card)
00:12:F0:00:00:01
192.168.100.100
ARP Reply
00:05:9B:00:00:10
Node2 (Intel Card)
00:12:F0:00:00:10
192.168.100.101
Node3 (Cisco Port)
00:05:9B:00:00:10
192.168.100.1
•Node 1 “broadcasts” an ARP request asking 192.168.100.1
•Because the frames are addressed to every node, every node receives the frame.
•Node 3 with the target IP address sends back the ARP reply to node 1.
!14
15. Checking ARP Table
•No data in the supportbundle
-bash-4.1$ arp -a"
Net to Media Table: IPv4"
Device IP Address
Mask
Flags
Phys Addr"
------ -------------------- --------------- -------- ---------------"
net8 169.254.182.77
255.255.255.255 SPLA 02:21:28:57:47:17"
net8 169.254.182.76
255.255.255.255
02:21:28:57:47:16"
(….omitted….)
ipmp_vfdom0 amogg0005.us.oracle.com 255.255.255.255
00:10:e0:23:9c:84"
ipmp_vfdom0 amogg0006.us.oracle.com 255.255.255.255
00:10:e0:0e:09:1c
!15
17. IP – Travelling to Final Destination
Germany
Office
Frankfurt
Direct flight
Indirect flight
Singapore
(Changi)
Indirect flight
Tokyo
(Narita)
My
House
!17
18. IPv4 Addressing
•IP Version 4 address is 4 byte address, delimited by dots e.g. 192.168.100.1.
•Subnet mask decides what part of IPv4 address to look at to identify if the IP
addresses belong to the same subnet.
•The network address is the beginning of the subnet.
•Subnet masks can be described in AA.BB.CC.DD or CIDR notation (/nn
format , where nn is the number of bits to mask from MSB.)
Examples:
(The below mean the same thing.)
"
IP: 192.168.0.1 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
IP: 192.168.0.1/24
!18
19. Do They Belong To The Same Subnet?
Q1:
(a) 192.168.0.1/24
(b) 192.168.1.1/24
Q2:
(a) 192.168.0.1/16
(b) 192.168.1.1/16
To identify the network address, we calculate “AND”
of IP address and subnet mask. /24 means FF:FF:FF:00.
The network addresses for each (a) and (b) are:
(a) 192.168.0.0
(b) 192.168.1.0
Therefore, they DO NOT belong to the same subnet.
To identify the network address, we calculate “AND”
of IP address and subnet mask. /24 means FF:FF:00:00.
The network addresses for each (a) and (b) are:
(a) 192.168.0.0
(b) 192.168.0.0
Therefore, they DO belong to the same subnet.
!19
20. How Is An IP Packet Delivered?
(1) ARP Request
Who is 192.168.100.1?
Node1 (Intel Card)
00:12:F0:00:00:01
192.168.100.100
(2) ARP Reply
00:05:9B:00:00:10
Node2 (Intel Card)
00:12:F0:00:00:10
192.168.100.101
Node3 (Cisco Port)
00:05:9B:00:00:10
192.168.100.1
(3) IP packet to 192.168.100.1
MAC address 00:05:9B:00:00:10
!20
23. IP – Travelling to Final Destination
Germany
Office
Frankfurt
Direct flight
Indirect flight
Singapore
(Changi)
Indirect flight
Tokyo
(Narita)
My
House
!23
24. IP – Travelling to Final Destination
192.168.100.1
R3
Route 1
(192.168.10.0/24)
192.168.11.0/24
R2
R1
192.168.12.0/24
192.168.0.1
!24
25. Checking Routing Table
"
RRoouuttiinngg
TTaabbllee::
IIPPvv44
DDeessttiinnaattiioonn
GGaatteewwaayy
FFllaaggss
RReeff
UUssee
IInntteerrffaaccee
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
----------
----------
--------------------
------------------
ddeeffaauulltt
117722..2233..221100..225544
UUGG
55
88552244
iiggbb00
112277..00..00..11
112277..00..00..11
UUHH
66
118811334433
lloo00
117722..2233..221100..112288
117722..2233..221100..117777
UU
1100
664477771144
iiggbb00
119922..116688..2288..00
119922..116688..2288..11
UU
3322
1166118888664455
iippmmpp11
"
RRoouuttiinngg
TTaabbllee::
IIPPvv66
DDeessttiinnaattiioonn//MMaasskk
GGaatteewwaayy
FFllaaggss
RReeff
UUssee
IIff
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
----------
------
--------------
----------
::::11
::::11
UUHH
22
220000
lloo00
•The default gateway is used when no other routes are available.
•You have to look at the subnet mask as well. (Example in next page.)
!25
26. Routing Tables with Subnet Masks
"
RRoouuttiinngg
TTaabbllee::
IIPPvv44
DDeessttiinnaattiioonn
GGaatteewwaayy
SSuubbnneettmmaasskk
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
----------------------------
119922..116688..110000..11
119922..116688..110000..11
225555..225555..225555..00
119922..116688..110000..112299
119922..116688..110000..113300
225555..225555..225555..112288
•Routes with more bits in subnet mask have priority.
•So if you would like to connect to 192.168.100.131, you take
192.168.100.130 because subnet mask is 25 bits.
!26
27. How Packet is Delivered Over a Router/L3 SW
(1) ARP Request
Who is 192.168.200.1?
(2) ARP Reply
MAC: 00:05:9B:00:00:10
R1 Eth0
00:05:9B:00:00:10
192.168.100.254
Node1
00:12:F0:00:00:01
192.168.100.100
Node2
00:12:F0:00:00:10
192.168.100.101
(3) Packet to 192.168.200.1
MAC :00:05:9B:00:00:10
(4) Packet to 192.168.200.1
MAC :00:12:F0:00:00:10
R1
R1 Eth1
00:05:9B:00:00:11
192.168.200.254
Node3
00:12:F0:00:00:10
192.168.200.1
!27
29. IB Partitioning
PKEY:FFFF
Subnet
Manager
(Internal/External)
PKEY:8506
Node1 (PKEY: 8506)
10E00001328389
PKEY:8507
Node2 (PKEY:8506)
10E0000132838A
Node3 (PKEY: 8507)
10E0000132848C
•IB fabric is divided into “partitions” like VLANs
•We use PKEY instead of VLAN ID in IB partitioning.
•PKEY: FFFF means “connect to any port on fabric.”
•In the above example, Node 1 and 2 can talk, but not with node 3.
•Oracle supports only “on-switch” subnet manager with ZFSSA.
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