This document provides an introduction to skin and fascia. It discusses the structure and layers of the skin, including the epidermis and dermis. It also reviews the functions of skin, such as protection, vitamin D synthesis, sensation, and thermoregulation. The appendages of skin like nails, hair, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands are identified. The document then differentiates between superficial and deep fascia. Superficial fascia is described as a loose layer of adipose and connective tissue beneath the skin, while deep fascia is a dense layer of connective tissue that invests muscles and organs.

1. Introduction of Skin and fascia

2. Introduction of structures met in
dissection
• Skin
• Superficial fascia
• Artery, Vein ,Nerve
• Deep fascia
• Muscles
• Bones
• joints
•

4. Objectives
Introduction to
Skin.
 Fascia.
- Superficial Fascia
- Deep Fascia.

6. Skin
Structure of skin.
 Functions of skin.
 Appendages of skin.

8. Structure of the skin
Epidermis
 Keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium
devoid of blood vessels
Dermis
 Connective tissue containing
(bl. v. lymph v., sensory nerve
endings, smooth m, hair
follicles, sweat and sebaceous
glands)
 In its deep part the collagen
bundles are arranged in
parallel rows

10. Skin
• Layers of skin
• Epidermis
• Five type of layers
• Dermis
• Two type of layers
Junction
• Dermal papilla
• Epidermal peg (rete pegs)

11. Skin….
• Epidermis -
1. Stratum basale
• Single layer of columnar cells
2. Stratum spinosum
• Several layers of polyhedral cells,
spine like process,
tonofilament
3.Stratum granulosum
• Keratohyline granules
4. Stratum lucidum
• Homogeneous keratin, fusiform
cells
5.Stratum corneum-non
nucleated keratinized dead cells

14. Skin…..
Dermis
• Papillary layer
• Tactile papilla
• Vascular papilla
• Collagen fibre
• Reticular layer
Collagen fibre
• Sweat glands
• Sebaceous glands
• Hairs

15. Skin……
• Thick skin
-No hairs
• Thin skin
• Devoid of Stratum
lucidum

23. Functions of the Skin
• 1-Protection
• abrasion, invasion, water loss, UV protection
• 2-Vitamin D synthesis
• epidermal keratinocytes when exposed to UV
light
• helps maintain health of skeleton by increasing
absorption of Ca2+
• 3-Sensation
• receptors for heat, cold, touch, pressure, vibration
and pain

24. • 4- Thermoregulation
• thermo receptors and sweat glands
• hypothalamus controls cutaneous arteries
and sweat glands to retain or dissipate heat
• 5- Psychological and social functions
• appearance and social acceptance
• facial expression and nonverbal
communication

25. • Nails
• Hairs
• Sebaceous glands
• Sweat glands
The appendages of the skin

27. FASCIA/SUBCUTANEOUS
TISSUE
• Fascia is a band or sheet of connective
tissue, primarily collagen beneath the skin
that attaches,stabilize,encloses and
separate muscles and other internal
organs.

28. Fascia
Collection of connective tissue
Deep fascia
Superficial fascia

29. Superficial fascia
Superficial fascia:
• Loose, mixture of adipose and loose areolar tissues.
• It unites the skin to the underlying structures.
• It is dense in some places as scalp, palm of hand and sole of foot
and contains collagen bundles
• It is thin in the eyelids, auricle, scrotum, penis and clitoris
(devoid of adipose tissue).
Functions:
• Facilitates movement of skin over underlying structures.
• Passage for cutaneous vessels, nerves
• Protects the body against heat loss.

31. Superficial fascia

32. Superficial Fascia
• Site with Very less fat
-Eyelids
-Pinna
-Penis
• Site with more fat
- Breast
- Abdomen
-Gluteal region
Dr. Navneet Kumar Professor (Anatomy)

33. • It is more dense than superficial fascia
• It invests inside the body b/w muscles and other
structures.
• Collagenous bundles are more compact and more
regularly arranged
• It is usually present in the form of membranes
(membranous form of layer of CT)
• Forms a strong, fibrous internal framework
• Dense connective tissues
• Bounds to capsules, tendons,ligaments etc
Deep fascia

34. A. Investing fascia
• Covers the surfaces of muscles
• In the neck: it forms well-defined layers, bounds fascial
spaces so limits spread of infection or determine the path of
infection
• In the abdomen: it is thin
• In the limbs: forms a definite sheath around the muscles
•
Examples of deep fascia

35. B. Inter muscular
septa
lie between muscles
dividing the limb
into
compartments
Examples of deep fascia………..

36. Localized thickening of deep fascia around joints, hold the tendons
in place, prevent bowstringing of tendon
PLOPPL
Examples of deep fascia………..
C. Retinacula

37. Examples of deep fascia………..
• Fibrous sheath
- eg. Carotid sheath Axillary sheath
• Fibrous capsule
-eg Parotid capsule
• Ligaments

38. Absence of deep fascia
• Face
• Breast
• Penis
• Anterior abdominal wall