3. Todays’ Session’ Objectives
Learners will be able to
Define curriculum
Describe stages of curriculum
Differentiate between aims, goals and
objectives
4. Curriculum
The word "curriculum" began as a
Latin word which means "a race" or
"the course of a race" (which in turn
derives from the verb currere meaning
"to run/to proceed")
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curriculum
5. Curriculum
Curriculum is defined as
The term curriculum refers to the lessons and
academic content taught in a school or in a
specific course or program.
http://edglossary.org/curriculum/
6. Concept cont……
Tanner & Tanner,2007 offers the following
definition, derived from Dewey’s definition of
education
“That reconstruction of knowledge and experience
that enables the learner to grow in exercising
intelligent control of subsequent
knowledge and experience”
7. Curriculum Development
It is defined as the process of selecting,
organizing, executing, and evaluating
learning experiences on the basis of the
needs, abilities and interests of the
learners and the nature of the society or
community.
http://www.ibe.unesco.org
8. Different Stages Of Curriculum
Development
Situational analysis.
Formulation of aims and objectives.
Selection and organization of content.
Selection and organization of learning experiences.
Evaluation of curriculum.
http://www.ibe.unesco.org
12. Aims
Wilson(2004) defines AIMS as " general
statements that provide direction or intent to
educational action".
Orstein and Hunkins concluded that AIMS serve
to:
1 Be general statements that provide shape and
direction to the more specific actions designed
to achieve future product and behavior.
2. Be starting point for ideal/inspirational vision of
the good future
13. All Schools shall aim to
Develop moral character and personal
discipline.
Encourage creative and critical thinking.
Broaden scientific and technological
knowledge.
Foster love of humanity.
Teach the rights and duties of citizenship
Promote respect for human right.
Strengthen ethical and spiritual values
--------------------------------
14. Objectives are usually specific statement of
educational intention which define either general or
specific outcomes.
Benjamin Bloom defined educational objective in
two ways:
1 Explicit formulations of the ways in which
students are expected to be changed by educative
process.
2. Intent communicated by statement describing
proposed change in learner
15. General objective:
Those objectives that describe school- wide
outcomes. E.g. Improving students skills
Specific objective:
Those objectives that describe behavior to be
attained in a particular unit, a subject/course or
particular programmed
E.g. cognitive, affective and psychomotor domain
16. Formulation of aims and objectives
Curriculum should aim to:
Provide knowledge and develop skills, attitudes,
values essential to personal development and
necessary for living in and contributing to a
developing and changing society.
Provide learning experiences which
increases a child’s awareness and
responsiveness to the changes in
the society.
17. Aims and Goals in Pakistan
Quranic principles and Islamic practices
Achievement of universal primary education
To meet basic learning needs of children
To expand education qualitatively and
quantitatively
To ensure school access
18. Continue…..
To prepare students for professional needs
To develop technical education and improvement
in it’s quality.
To popularize information
Technology among students
To achieve excellence in different
fields of higher education.
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19. Selection and Organization of Content
Content is defined as “Information to be learned in
school, another term for knowledge (a collection of
facts, concepts, generalization, principles,
theories)”.
20. Principle and criteria of content selection and
organization
• Selection of content according to aims and
objectives
Validity
Significance
Difficulty
Pupil’s needs and interests
Universality
21. Activities organized while study of content
• Study of text book
Additional instructional material
Exercises consisted of recapitulation
Practical work and experiments
Educational visits and special education sessions
Occasional celebrations
Physical training including games and sports
Students self-help activities
Scouting and girl guiding
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22. Selection and organization of learning
experiences
Relevant learning experience will enhance
the desired changes in learners
Allows to add, compare or contrast the
learning experiences to
understand the actual meanings
Economic and rigidity
constraints effects the methods
a lot
23. Evaluation of the Curriculum
In relation to curriculum, evaluation is the
process of making value judgments about the
merit or worth of a part or the whole of a
curriculum.
This stage provides a feedback
to the teacher to improve the
teaching methodology as well.
http://www.ibe.unesco.org/