1. 1 A PowerPoint™ Slide Presentation for Abnormal Psychology Ninth Edition 9/e Lauren B. Alloy, Ph.D. John H. Riskind, Ph.D. Margaret B. Manos Developed by Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2005. This McGraw-Hill multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission over any network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. 2 Chapter 6 The Neuroscience Perspective

3. 3 Chapter Main Points Behavioral Genetics The Central Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System: Somatic and Autonomic The Endocrine System Evaluating the Neuroscience Perspective Integrating the Neuroscience and Psychological Perspectives

4. 4 The Biological Perspective: Behavior Genetics Chromosomes Genes Diathesis-Stress Model Clinical Genetic Studies Genotype Phenotype

5. 5 The Biological Perspective: Behavior genetics Clinical Genetic Studies: Family Studies Twin Studies Adoption Studies Molecular Genetic Studies

6. 6 The Biological Perspective: Central Nervous System

7. 7 The Biological Perspective: Central Nervous System

8. 8 The Biological Perspective: Central Nervous System Neurons: Cell body Dendrites Axon Axon terminals Myelin sheath

9. 9 The Biological Perspective: Central Nervous System

10. 10 The Biological Perspective: Central Nervous System Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine Dopamine Enkephalins GABA (Gamma-amino Butyric Acid) Norepinephrine Serotonin

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13. 13 Measuring the Brain Electroencephalography (EEG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Computerized Tomography (CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

14. 14 Lateralization Lateralization: The study of brain functioning that differentiates the left hemisphere from the right hemisphere While both hemispheres appear symmetrical in size and shape, both have varying brain functions

15. 15 The Biological Perspective: Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): A network of nerve fibers leading from the CNS to all parts of the body Somatic Nervous System (SNS): Senses and acts on the external world Relays to the brain information picked up through the sense organs, and transmits the messages to the skeletal muscles

16. 16 The Biological Perspective: Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Sympathetic Division: mobilizes the body to meet emergencies Parasympathetic Division: slows down metabolism and regulates the organs in such a way that they can do the work of rebuilding their energy supply

17. 17 The Biological Perspective: Endocrine System Hormones: Chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands Affect sexual functioning, appetite, sleep, physical growth and development, the availability of energy, and emotional responses

18. 18 Evaluating the Neuroscience Perspective: The neuroscience perspective does not hold the absolute answer to causality Not all mental illness can be traced to an organic basis Ethical issues surface around treatment approaches and concerns

19. 19 Integrating the Neuroscience and Psychological Perspectives Integrating the Neuroscience and Psychological Perspectives: Emphasis in combining both perspectives might hold new answers to understanding psychopathology Evidence suggests that the environment can alter brain functioning Advances in brain studies offer promising new avenues of research

20. 20 Integrating Neuroscience and Psychodynamic Perspectives Integrating Neuroscience and Psychodynamic Perspectives: Psychoanalysis has waned and lost its popularity in recent years Methods used in psychoanalysis are not objective while neuroscience is more detailed Combining both perspectives may hold new keys to understanding development and psychopathology

21. 21 Integrating Neuroscience and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives Integrating Neuroscience and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives: Combining both perspectives might improve the understanding of psychopathology Applications to depression, mania, emotion, personality Research surrounding the Behavioral Approach System or Activation System (BAS)

22. 22 Recapping the Main Points Behavioral Genetics The Central Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System: Somatic and Autonomic The Endocrine System Evaluating the Neuroscience Perspective Integrating the Neuroscience and Psychological Perspectives

23. 23 End of Chapter 6 The Neuroscience Perspective