from this ppt you can learn what is polytronics

1. Submitted by
Shaik.jakeer hussain

2.  For many years plastics were well known merely as
insulators and were used predominantly for shielding
copper wires.
 Now the emerging new technology polytronics,
changes our viewpoint in visualizing the conducting
polymers as a material of microelectronics.
 I would like to impart my ideas on inkjet printing
technology which plays main role in printing polymer
circuits, electronic paper, construction and
manufacturing of Plastic batteries,

3.  medicinal applications of Polytronics using rubber circuits and
electro active polymer and organic led (OLED).
 If this technology emerges practically, the world of
electronics will take a new leap.
 The feasibility of developing entire electronic components
on basis of polymers is met by
 “INKJET PRINTING TECHNOLOGY”
 and is illustrated by several applications such as electronic
paper, plastic batteries, etc.

4.  In today’s world of ever-expanding
technology, Polytronics is going to
change the whole world of consumer
electronics and form the principal root
for the major advancement in the design
of electronic circuits and manufacture of
printed circuit boards (PCB).


5.  The era of polymer electronics has taken
a great start and all the technological
companies have turned their entire
research towards Polytronics.
 We hope that, in the forthcoming years
Polytronics will accelerate the pace of the
technological advancements and describe
a new dimension in the near future.

6.  Silicon has largely influenced the
Electronics industry and would continue
to do so over a period of time.
 However, technologists are now looking
at other alternatives, mainly “PLASTIC
CIRCUITS”, to meet our future needs.
Here is a look into how plastics would
influence the world of electronics.

7.  This polytronics has some advantages over silicon technology.
They are :
 1. Easy Manufacturability (mass production).
 2. Low cost.
 3. They can be recycled and reused (decreases environmental stress).
 4. Consumes less power.
 5. They are mobile, small, and light in weight.
 6. They are used to make display devices that have extraordinary
picture quality.

9.  It is well known that graphite is a good conductor,
previously it was thought that polymers which
substitute a carbon (e.g. adding hydrogen's to make
hydrocarbons) for another atom could not conduct
 However our greater knowledge of conjugated
systems has enabled the discovery of conducting
polymers
 As in a conjugated system the electrons are only
loosely bound, electron flow may be possible.

10.  Doping is either the addition of electrons (reduction
reaction) or the removal of electrons (oxidation
reaction) from the polymer.
 Once doping has occurred, the electrons in the pi-bonds
are able to "jump" around the polymer chain.
 As the electrons are moving along the molecule a
electric current occurs.
 The iodine attracts an electron from the polymer from
one of the pi bonds. Thus the remaining electron can
move along the chain.

12.  The huge cost of manufacturing Silicon microchip is due to the
large complex processes involved.
 Photolithographic techniques are used to pattern wafers with
microcircuit, which is grown in powerful vacuum, while the
wafers are baked at temperatures of several hundred centigrades.
 The INKJET PRINTING TECHNOLOGY provides continuous
production line of plastic circuits on plastic substrates and then
cut into individual units.
 The substrates are made of acetate material that is as transparent
as vu graph sheets.
 This printing technology plays a major role in the development
of “flat screen” displays.

13.  A piezoelectric material expands when a voltage is
passed across it, pressing on a reservoir fluid and
sending droplets flying out on to the substrates.
 Here, the construction of “TOPGATE TRANSISTOR”
is explained below.

14.  The water based droplets contain an organic conductor-
POLY doped with a solution of polystyrene sulphonic
acid otherwise known as PEDOT/PSS.
 As the droplets dry they become a conducting layer and
form source and drain of a transistor.
 They are then coated with a layer of semiconducting
polymer followed by a dielectric layer of
polyvinylphenol.
 Finally gate is printed, creating a so called top gate
transistor.

16.  Plastic batteries are new type of low power batteries
that do not require a case and are thin enough to be
printed on a paper.
 They are of low cost and can be mass produced as the
battery material is roughly 0.5 millimeters thick.

18.  The new battery consists of 3 different layers.
 It has conventional zinc manganese dioxide
components as anode and cathode which are thin foil-
like plastic sheets.
 Electrolyte is a polymer gel placed between electrodes.
USES:
 They can be used for incorporating power source in
integrated circuits.

20.  Unlike traditional LCD’s, OLED’s are self-luminous and do not
require backlighting, diffusers, polarizers or any other baggage
that goes with liquid crystal displays.
 OLED consists of two charged electrodes on the top of some
organic light emitting material.
 This eliminates the need for bulky and environmentally
undesirable mercury lamps and fields a thinner, more versatile
and more compact display.
 The low power consumption provides for maximum efficiency
and helps to minimize heat and electric interference in electronic
devices.

23.  E-paper is a unique type of display whose flexibility, high
contrast and bi stability give it paper like functionality .
 These versatile displays are poised for dramatic growth across
multiple application especially, in an “always-on” world of
mobile broadband.
 Plastic electronics is the technology of choice for E-paper
backplanes, especially for flexible and large displays.
 This technology overcomes the hurdle to large, high resolution,
flexible electronic displays-the backplane.
 By connecting E-paper to the internet wirelessly with a phone or
computer or LAN we can down load favorite newspapers and
carry them all on sheet of paper.

24.  Freedom in design
 Cheap foil substrates
 Light-weight
 Compact portable products
 Cost-effective assembly with reel-to-reel processing
 Environment-friendly
 Printing instead of lithography
 Scale printing can be done with almost unlimited length
 Manufacture is relative simple and inexpensive equipment at low
cost.
 Flexible, very durable under stress and flex can be easily applied
over a large surface area.
 Freedom of choice of their chemical composition.
 Adaptable in various ways because of printing methods that can
be adjusted to current requirements quickly (printed electronics).

25.  Fabrication of organic thin film transistors
 Non-volatile memory devices based on organic
transistors
 Development of novel conjugated polymers for
photovoltaic device applications
 Fabrication of organic photovoltaic cells
 Fabrication of organic light-emitting devices (OLED)
 Ferroelectric polymers for thin film devices
 Gene Sensors
 Printed Electronics
 Conducting Polymer Actuators and Micropumps
 Responsive Membranes/Hybrid Plastics

26.  In today’s world of ever-expanding technology,
Polytronics is going to change the whole world of
consumer electronics and form the principal root for the
major advancement in the design of electronic circuits
and manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCB).
 The era of polymer electronics has taken a great start
and all the technological companies have turned their
entire research towards Polytronics.
 So I conclude that, in the forthcoming years Polytronics
will accelerate the pace of the technological
advancements and describe a new dimension in the
near future.

27.  The economics of direct writing plastic electronics will ensure that the
technology will not end up centered in those countries that have very cheap
labor costs.
 ‘Mini fabrication centers will be sited next to the customer, as the initial cost of
the process will be much lower by not requiring masks and big plants’.
 As the future there could be supply of a complete plastic electronics package,
delivered through a set of standards, operating procedures and licences that
enable direct writing of electronic circuits to take place whenever there is a
need or application for them.
 When this comes to pass, there really will be chips with everything. Lets wait
for the clock to turn around to enjoy the beautiful and interesting applications
of this technology