Swot Analysis Of Risk Management Plan

Swot Analysis Of Risk Management Plan
SWOT Analysis & Risk Management Plan
INTRODUCTION
As a parent, you are faced with a number of trials and tribulations. You have the responsibility to
ensure your children's proper care. Childcare is one of the dilemmas parents face. Childcare should
be established for infants and toddlers. When children start school, after school care becomes
necessary for working parents. With after–school programs being needed, parents are burdened with
the problem of getting their children safe home, to an institution for child care or a home care
provider. While recovering, from the tension of the falling economy leaves parents to cope with the
new challenge of high schools that do not have transportation to and from school, because the
school system has decided to reduce student transportation . According to the California Department
of Education, transportation for all students on the basis of the California Revised Code Section
3327.01, which requires that students in kindergarten through 8th grade eligible to receive school
transportation services. The transport of high school students to and from the home is a choice to the
district. Children's LADOT has a resolution for the with parents not being able to provide
transportation for their children. The LADOT public bus service is funded by the Los Angeles
Department of Transportation (LADOT) is currently providing transportation for children in the city
of Los Angeles, CA and surrounding suburban areas (LADOT, 2013).
INDIVIDUAL
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A Public And Private Partnership And A Reciprocal...
Summary
Recently the City of Wichita has begun to experience problems providing and maintaining its
transportation services. The City of Wichita has traditionally operated a standard transit system
common in many other cities. This transit system included large busses on fixed routes and smaller
busses for more specialized transportation needs. This system however, does not cover the entire
scope of public transportation needs required by many citizens. Citizens have voiced a need for
change in the city's transit system. In this memo I will propose two alternatives, a public/private
partnership and a reciprocal community transport system, that aim to improve the Wichita transit
system.
Background
Many people see the current transit system as limited in scope. Both in terms of operation hours and
buses route options. According to the Wichita Eagle, the current system "operates from 5:45 a.m. to
6:45 p.m. Monday through Friday and 6:45 a.m. to 5:45 p.m. Saturday" (Wilson, 2013). This limits
the passenger usage to these specific hours. People needing public transportation before and after
these times are required to seek alternate methods of travel. In addition, not all bus routes run
through major city destinations. Some bus routes are stationed away from major areas of traffic. For
many citizens in order to utilize the public transit system, they must first seek another form of
transportation in order to reach a bus stop location.
In order to determine applicable solutions

America Needs More Public Transportation Essay
America Needs More Public Transportation
Automobiles play a major role in today's society. Almost every American owns at least one
motorized transportation vehicle. Some say they make our lives better by reaching places faster than
before. Others say they are a harmful to the environment. Have they made our society better or
worse? They may be fast, but do we as humans want our environment to suffer because of time.
Face it, cars pollute. And they release destructive chemicals into the air. Air pollution can threaten
the health of many subjects in the environment including human beings.
Pollution is a major problem for all of us. People need to recognize this situation so we can start
making a difference to this problem. In order ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This would then decrease air pollution.
There are many forms of public transportation such as: buses, trains, airplanes, trolleys, subways,
and many more. Today these transits are not as widely used as they need to be in some areas, in my
opinion. Of course they are the preferred method of travel inside urban areas; the American Public
Transportation Association shows this data when they listed in 1999 the top thirty–five largest transit
agencies. As seen, they are all major or larger metropolitan areas such as: New York, NY, Los
Angeles, CA, and Chicago, IL (10/3, http://www.apta.com/stats/modesumm/35mbag.html). Rural
areas need these wonderful services just as often too. People in these settings drive farther to reach
their destinations so therefore they drive just as much as in major cities but have more driving time.
So therefore air pollution needs to be taken care of everywhere, not just in metropolitan areas.
Fifty cents of the gasoline tax dollar increase will go towards making the public transit system more
feasible to people. This includes more bus stop locations, more arrival and departure times, more
accessible train and airplane facilities, and increased safety precautions. Cheaper fares would also be
a good means to increase the use of public transportation. In Huntsville, Alabama where the town is
trying to have an efficient city system and is doing well at it, the tourist trolley fare is one dollar per
trip and two

A Review And Critique : The Great Transportation...
A Review and Critique: The Great Transportation Conspiracy Name Institution The Great
Transportation Conspiracy According to its slogan "What's good for General Motors is good for the
country", Charlie Wilson, the executive suite of GM, held the company with high regards. It was
almost certain that whatever decision GM was making in the transportation industry, its sole purpose
was to improve the lives of the American citizen. In fact, at a time when the general public was
almost entirely dependent on centrally generated electricity for city transportation, decisions coming
from GM was to be taken with a lot of enthusiasm. Without doubt therefore, the country turned its
transportation policy over to the GM together with its automobile allies. This decision come with its
share of consequences. As it was noted, the centrally generated transportation system was relatively
clean and very efficient. The trackless trolleys as well as electric buses powered by overhead wires
transported the public with ease across the towns. However, with GM taking over, there was a
brewing conspiracy. That was, to destroy the mass transit and convert the public to reliance on
private automobiles, which in fact depended on foreign oil. According to the conspiracy, the GM
along with its close allies maneuvered to create a transportation oligopoly for the internal
combustion engine. Instead of just relying on sales and popularity, they conspired and also broke

Public Transportation And Its Effects On The United States
The early morning drizzle was constant, threatening to become actual rain. Della stood on the
corner, her blonde hair gradually becoming heavy with droplets, guaranteeing a day of bad frizz.
She'd been praying for rain for months, despairing over the ravages of the extended drought in
Northern California, worrying about what it meant for the future, and yet she felt irritated that the
rain had chosen to come today, the day she had to take public transportation.
She had never liked public transportation; it was too... public. It presented too much opportunity for
unpredictability, requiring her to share personal space with strangers. This was a challenge for Della,
who could be fairly described as either profoundly introverted, or just plain antisocial, depending on
who was doing the describing. When she was a kid, the school bus–her first foray into public
transportation–had been a social mine field, a place to keep her head down and her mouth shut, lest
she become a target for the ubiquitous bullies looming in the back. If possible, she'd sit right behind
the driver, engage him or her in conversation. The proximity to an adult and the appearance of
relationship, however flimsy, seemed to provide some kind of amnesty, a temporary buffer until she
could get off the bus and make a beeline for the classroom and her teacher's protection. Later, when
she went to college in San Francisco, she'd daily suffered through crowded bus and train rides to and
from school and/or

Help Users Undergo Well Decision Making Essay
To help users undergo well decision–making, trigger levels for each factor will be provided as
guidance for themselves to choose the most worthy transportation for their daily journey. The travel
time, travel cost, and accessibility and mobility will become the main reasons for the users to be
triggered. As long as the performance of services for public transportation increases by reducing the
travel time of public transport, people will be triggered to shift from private vehicles to public
transport for their daily journey.
According to Zhu et al. (2012) the number of users who choose public transport mode goes up
slowly when the parking fee of the destination is increased for the fixed public transport frequency.
The number of public transport mode users increases when the public transport frequency increases
for destination parking fee. The result also shows that the mode choice of users will not totally be
affected with the parking fee of the destination if the bus frequency is lower. These can be
concluded that with the increase of parking fee or increasing in public transport frequency, the cost
of public transport mode is lower compared to the cost of private vehicles. Thus, users who embark
their private vehicles will be triggered to choose public transport for their journey purposes. In this
case when the frequency of public transport increases at the study site, the waiting time for public
transport arrival at the bus stop will be reduced as well.
The other

Why Is Transportation Necessary For Transportation?
Everyone in the world uses some mean of transportation to get around. There are some that are more
common than others. Buses and your own cars are used the most for transportation to get around.
They are both very good means of transportation but they have their similarities and differences.
These two means of transportation will always get you were you need to be. There are many reasons
that can be examined like comfortableness, how much it cost to use, and how much safer the bus
really is. One of the things you should look into is how comfortable is your car is compared to a bus.
Most people are going to choose their own car over a bus any day. People feel so much more relaxed
in their own car. They have the freedom to do whatever they want whenever they want. They can
blast the music as loud as they want to. They are always going to have a place to sit unlike a bus
were maybe there is a chance you would have to stand. People that have their own car are going to
be able to leave and do what they want. On a bus it would be very hard to make a phone call, but if
you were in your own car you would be able to make a phone call whenever you wanted to and, not
have to be worried about getting interrupted. If you are going to have to catch a bus you are going to
have to stand outside in the weather conditions. There are only certain places that a bus goes to.
Busses also can only park in certain places to because they have to pick other people up and drop
other people off. If

Disadvantages Of Public Transport
I. Introduction (Christian Matthew Carbonell)
Everyday people would take different forms of transport simply because of some occasions and
obligations to attend to. Many people prefer using public transportation vehicles because they don't
have the budget to buy their own cars or because no one would accompany them to their destination.
Most people would wake up very early and set their time. Some would record how long and how
fast they should be taking a transport. Recording the time of walking to the transportation terminal,
the amount of time inside, and going to work or school is a good way for a commuter to develop
time management. No one can really predict what may occur when taking a transport. The recorded
time will not be the same as the next time the person would commute, because there would be
unexpected events that could either delay or hasten travel. It is a person's decision whether to keep
going or stop. A common issue in riding a transport is the limited amount of people are allowed to
go inside that transport. Commuters would usually be stressed, because of technical difficulties or
problem. There is a Facebook page called "MRT: Mga kuwento ... Show more content on
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These vehicles may be owned by government entities as public utilities or by private entities for
their own profit. These means of public transport are important to the country's development
because most people need to use mass transport to meet commitments or fulfill obligations like
going to school or work, especially when the places they need to go to are particularly far from
where they live. However, there are many forms of public transport for people to choose from and
not all of them available in a given situation are convenient for the job, so people tend to be choosy
with these modes of transport to

Global Positioning System Advantages And Disadvantages
1. Introduction.
In the daily operation of bus transport systems, particularly that affected by uncertain conditions as
the day progresses, these can be classified as, traffic congestion, unexpected delays, irregular
vehicle–dispatching times, other incidents. So many people have to arrived at the bus stop they have
no way of knowing when the bus they want to board is pulling up to the stop. The objective of this
project is to develop application to track the bus location and display it in the application in real
time.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is satellite based navigation system that provides location &
time information in all weather conditions. So in this application I will use the GPS System for track
the bus location. It can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most attractive feature of this system is its100% coverage on the planet.
It also helps you to search the nearby restaurants, hotels and gas stations and is very useful for a new
place.
Due to its low cost, it is very easy to integrate into other technologies like cell phone.
The system is updated regularly by the US government and hence is very advance.
This is the best navigating system in water as in larger water bodies we are often misled due to lack
of proper directions.
Disadvantages of GPS:
Sometimes the GPS may fail due to certain reasons and in that case you need to carry a backup map
and directions.
If you are using GPS on a battery operated device, there may be a battery failure and you may need
a external power supply which is not always possible.
Sometimes the GPS signals are not accurate due to some obstacles to the signals such as buildings,
trees and sometimes by extreme atmospheric conditions such as geomagnetic storms.
 Domain Research
So many people have to arrived at the bus stop they have no way of knowing when the bus they
want to board is pulling up to the stop.
Some people don't know the bus

Disadvantages Of A Bus Rapid Transit
Transport is an integral part of national, economic, social and sustainable development that can
produce both positive and negative effects on the environment and the quality of life depending on
the level of development and indicated preferences. Transportation is hence crucial for the growth of
any economy and trade, both of which are highly dependent on the conveyance of people and goods
(Rodrigue et.al, 2006). The role of transportation to urban dwellers cannot be overemphasised as
transportation enables employment, education, health services and leisure (Wane, 2001).
Practically the production process cannot be complete unless inputs such as raw materials and
labour can be moved from different locations; neither can manufactured products be delivered to
consumers, nor services carried out which emphasizes the need for an effective transport system
(Rodrigue et.al, 2006).
Public transportation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Curitiba Bus Model which was proposed by the city planning philosophy of Mayor Jaime
Lerner of the Brazilian city of Curitiba has since been incorporated in other cities as TransMilenio in
Bogota, Columbia; Metrovia in Guayaquil, Ecuador and the Orange Line of Los Angeles where
urban transport and urban growth are incongruous. The essence of a Bus Rapid Transit hence is to
improve bus operating speed and reliability on arterial streets by reducing or eliminating the various
types of delay (Goodman et al, 2005).
The history of public transport development in Sub–Saharan Africa differs from one country to
another. However, to date we may affirm that it is a sector which remains poorly organised across
the continent. Many companies were created in various countries, even several times in the same
country, but the vast majority of them have failed. (Addo,

Public Transport And How It Can Be Prioritised Through...
Abstract
This paper addresses the importance of public transport and how it can be prioritised through traffic
engineering. Numerous methods for giving public transport priority have been researched and
discussed. Examples are provided where those techniques are implemented and their performance is
evaluated. Research proves that priority to public transport in urban areas is feasible and can lead to
reduced travel times while having a minor impact on the traffic network.
1. Introduction
As cities are expanding and traffic congestion is increasing, there is growing demand for more
regular and efficient public transport. This is in part to reduce pollution and noise levels (European
Commision Dictorate–General for Environment, 2004). European policy–makers and investors have
in fact influenced a modal shift towards more public, rather than private transport in recent years
(Bund, n.d.).
Traffic engineering involves the planning and management of urban road infrastructures and
networks (Institute of Transportation Engineers, 1999) for various modes of transport, such as
vehicles (private, public and commercial), bicycles and pedestrians. Its purpose is to find solutions
to transport infrastructures in order to provide the best transport systems for people and goods in
terms of cost, time, safety and environmental impact.
There are three key benefits in prioritising public transport in urban environments. The first is that
by reducing congestion, commercial transport becomes

Wildfire Victims In Zac Brown's Cookie
Zac Brown reached out to help wildfire victims in Tennessee by sending in "Cookie," filled with
food and supplies. "Cookie" is the singer's 18–wheeler food truck from his Southern Ground
lifestyle brand that is a functional commercial kitchen on wheels. The semi also had 15 staff
members on board when it arrived at Rocky Top Sports World in Gatlinburg, Tenn. to help the
people that had their lives turned upside down by fires that devastated East Tennessee. The visit
from Brown's semi truck also meant that Rocky Top Sports World staff members got to take a well
deserved break. According to Knoxville News Sentinel, Alyssa Goodman, Southern Ground Public
Relations Specialist, talked about sending "Cookie" to help saying: Goodman discussed sending

A Brief Note On Subsidies Policy For Public Transport
An analysis of subsidies policy for public transport in UK
"subsidy means money given as part of the cost of something, to help or encourge it to happen"
(cambridge dictionary, 2015). In transport,..
Main Body
Organisation and Policy
Glaitser et al (2006) stated In Great Britain, Department for Transport responsible to include posts
covering public transport, transport in London, roads and traffic national policy and aviation and
shipping or logistic. They also suggest to public transport there is a 3 tier of government in charge of
that are department for transport, sub–state goverment and local authorities. For rail services, the
authority and accountability exist in Great Britain and sub–state government. While bus service,
sub–state and local government authorities play the role. Subsidy given by the government through
several ways, among others for the bus, a government subsidy to all buses operating with the
distribution of three areas: rural areas, metropolitan and territories except london london. The
subsidy for train through two ways are the operation and maintenance of infrastructure (White,
2009).
Why government do subsidy? goeverden et al (2006) stated subsidy is necessary for public
transport. First, vulnerable groups such as low–income households, those without driver's license,
people with disabilities need to be motivated to avoid the problem of social exclusion. In this case
the subsidy serves as a 'social function'. Second, limit the use of private

Executive Member Of A Local Union
Team Logan members certify that no one on this team is acquainted with, personally know, or have
had any prior contact with Ms. Siggard before this project. Explain your Choice of Company and
Industry and Provide a Summary of the Research You Conducted Prior to the Interview At the
beginning of this project, it was our intention to interview an executive member of a local Union to
gain the perspective of what unions face in modern society regarding membership and the benefits
they provide. We initially planned and scheduled our interview with an executive member of the
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 354, Russ Lamoreaux. After being
rescheduled and dismissed multiple times, our team opted to find a different subject to interview
who would be more responsive and willing to provide us with helpful information to further our
education. This became an interesting lesson for us as a team and changed our perspective of unions
because it was difficult to get anyone to answer the phone, respond to emails, commit to a scheduled
time, or even just provide an honest answer if they wished not to participate. We wondered if this is
how unions regularly conduct business and how difficult or frustrating it must be as a member of
management in trying to negotiate with a union to come to an agreement if this is how they operate.
Our connection with Ms. Siggard was completely by accident and while we anticipated a different
direction with this assignment, she provided

Innovation In Transport Industry Essay
Innovation in Transport Industry
Introduction
After Singapore independence, Singapore's bus service was provided by numerous small operators
and was highly split with both service and safety standards were low. The aggressive competition by
the private bus companies led to poor service, lack of incorporation and network economies
eventually resulting in the immediate bankruptcy of many of these companies. The government
moved in a team of civil servants, take over the fragmented companies and put together a tight
outfit, making reasonable profits. The new entity, SBS Transit, was eventually nationalized.
Start of Singapore Transport
In the mid–1980s, the development of MRT systems and SBS was the main player in ... Show more
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Since 1987, managing the three–way tensions of ensuring profitability and acceptable quality had
been the job of the Public Transport Council (PTC), which regulates transport fares for both buses
and trains. In today, according to 'Fare Review Mechanism Committee Final Report (2013)' (Anon.,
2013) the PTC implements a cap on annual fare adjustments which is based on the formula.
Exhibit 1: The Public Transport Quality
Affordability Profitability
In 1996, Singapore Government revealed one of its most aspiring and extensive plans for the
Singapore's land transport system. It contained details step the authorities to follow to achieve its
vision of a world–class transport system for the city in the next 10 to 15 years' time. The change to
existing schemes was proposed like revision of taxi fares. New schemes were introduced as well
such as Electronic Road Pricing (ERP), which eventually become omnipresent in Singapore. But
among all these implementation, the heart of the blueprint was that 75 Percent of all day–to–day
trips in Singapore would be made by public transport. In order to achieve this goal, improvements to
public transport were critical. The White Paper said that the government would enhance public
transport, encouraging more Singaporeans to switch from cars to train and bus, and easing traffic
congestion. It would also enhance railway and road networks so that commuters can

Maple Ridge: Case Study
Transit and Transportation in Maple Ridge
Maple Ridge is a thriving and growing city that is part of the Greater Metro Vancouver Area. This
friendly and welcoming community offers a wide selection of transit options that links Maple Ridge
to the rest of the Lower Mainland. Here is a comprehensive list of the transit and transportation
options in Maple Ridge.
Transit – Bus
A reliable bus service is an essential part of any successful city. Many of the neighbourhoods of
Maple Ridge are easily accessible by the city's bus service. This safe, reliable and effective method
of transportation is another reason as to why Maple Ridge is an affordable and fast growing
alternative to the Vancouver housing market.
Translink, in partnership with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These trains have a maximum seating capacity of 148 and are wheelchair and bicycle accessible.
Each car also offers public washrooms, computer plug–ins and workstations. The West Coast
Express stops at 2 locations in Maple Ridge – River Road and Dunn Road. It also makes a stop at
neighbouring Pitt Meadows.
SkyTrain
Currently there is no SkyTrain service available in Maple Ridge and there are no plans to extend the
SkyTrain to the city in the future. However, the Evergreen Line which will be completed by the end
of 2016 will be an extension to the already existing SkyTrain lines and will connect to Coquitlam
Station. This will benefit the residents of Maple Ridge who use bus to service other parts of the
Lower Mainland because all major bus routes connect to Coquitlam Station.
Airport
Pitt Meadows Regional Airport is the only major Fraser Valley airport and services local as well as
national commercial and business aircraft. The Pitt Meadows Regional Airport serves the area north
of the Fraser River from Mission to Vancouver.
Sustainable Methods of Transportation – Bike

The Impact Of Public Transport On Rural And Sustainable...
4. Financial Analysis
4.1 Introduction
Today the role of public transport is perceived very seriously in terms of urban mobility and
sustainable development, but even though the financial resources available are insufficient.
Acquiring appropriate financing mechanisms is not only imperative for the development of transport
system but also for the holistic growth of urban pockets.
The local government all over the world face financial constraints due to disparity between costs
and revenues. Many urban planners think that revenues cannot be covered from fare box alone.
Indian cities are also facing the same challenges. But due to some funding through JnNURM the
city officials find some relief in procuring buses of high standards like present in developed
countries.
There are two types of costs associated with transport system: one is capital cost and other is
operating cost. Capital cost constitutes of infrastructural support, procurement of buses, and
construction of bus stations. Whereas operating cost includes expenses incurred in fuel,
technological services, salaries to operators of buses, and upgrading buses to better quality with
time. Hence financial aspect takes a big role, because without investment of money, a huge
infrastructural project is not possible. Other dilemma which urban planners face is setting correct
fares in order to attract maximum users and save the system to run into losses.
In this section of my case study, I focus upon the financial burden of

Road Traffic Congestion in Singapore Essay
Straddling Bus (SB)
Current situation
Road traffic congestion is a major problem in Singapore and it results in delays in the transport
system such as buses not reaching their destinations on their scheduled time. Because of that, it also
results in commuters not getting to their destinations on time even though they already take the
shortest route to their destinations. Although the governmental organisations are putting in effort to
deal with transport capacity, the majority of the citizens are demanding for more efficient
performance on travel time.
Otherwise, road users may face additional traffic–jam conditions that affect their value of time.
Furthermore, public transport users may tend to pay additional transport fees to avoid the ... Show
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It is able to speed up to 55 km/h and it can have a pay load up to 20 thousand pounds. This allow
moderate of up to 400 people to travel each time.
Details of Service
Straddling bus is a double decker bus which provides passenger a complacent and thrilling
experience. It is designed to minimize the travelling time for residents. The Station of the SB is
required to implement from the bus stop to establish the future SB transport. All passengers are
required to board and alighting SB at station of the bus floor height similar to station of an MRT. To
provide a fair and reasonable transport, Straddling bus system keeps track of all residents' location
and destination to calculate the transport fee via ez–link card machine. Unlike buses, straddling bus
will only provide transport within the residents areas, it will not travel high way such as Pan Island
Expressway (PIE), Tampines Expressway (TPE) and East Coast Parkway(ECP).
Target Market
The SB is targeted at public commuters and those residents often encounter traffic jam. SB provides
residents an additional transport to facilities their needs and overcome the limitation of traffic
transports
Commercial Value
Figure 1: Market positioning map of Straddling Bus in Singapore

Referring to the cheap/lower efficiency sector in figure 1, Normal buses have become the major part
of public transport. In order to cater to all

Bus Transit And Mass Transit
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1General
In urban areas due to expansion of cities and population growth the major problems which arise are
more travel time and more travel cost. For Developing countries like India, China, Brazil etc. taking
affordability and mobility into account the policy makers induced public transport system for
movements like inter–urban or intra–urban. Various examples are Bus Transit & Mass Transit. Due
to bigger city size and fixed routes of these systems its accessibility varies for different user. These
predefined fixed routes do not take into account the whole catchment area from where the users are
using. Among these users there are some users which use daily bases are known as commuters. Such
commuters access/egress the transit system by a variety of modes such as by walking, bicycle,
manual tricycle, motorized 2–3 wheeler, feeder bus services and cars. Each mode has its utility
within certain distance range (Khistey and Sriraj 1996) . Increase in city size has reflected in the
utility of various modes, utility of motorized vehicles have increased whereas the utility of non–
motorized have decreased. From socio–economic point, these include loss of employment, slow
elimination of environment friendly modes like bicycles, manual tricycles and walk and increase in
population levels. The mode choice for access and egress varies for various users but for policy
makers it is very important to identify the factors which are influencing these mode

The Disadvantipages Of Competitive Advantages
Competitive advantage allows a company to grow and sustain its sales but still retain more
customers than its rivals. (Perreault/ Cannon/McCarthy, 2009, p48) defines competitive advantage
as '' A firm that has a marketing mix that the target market sees as better that a competitors mix''. A
company achieves a completive advantage when it provides buyers with superior value compared to
rival seller's offers the same value at a lower cost to the firm, this is according to
(Thompson/Peteraf/Gamble / Strickland, 2014, p 7)
The core business of BBC is embodied in its vision of providing public transport which is
affordable, accessible, efficient, integrated and safe to the commuters of Ekurhuleni, who reside and
work in the parts of EMM. The competitive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since commuters receive 50% subsidy from the provincial government for the daily commute, the
BBC becomes the number one choice transport in the region. Taxis turn to be double the price of
buses , according to the EMM's Household Travel Survey of 2014, households in EMM receive an
average monthly income that ranges between R2 000 and R3 000 , making this a low income area
with LSM 1–3 , (Saarfcoza, 2016). BCC outcompete the taxi industry by having lower costs and
thus being able to serve the greater community at a lower

Interpretations Of Sustainable Urban Transport Systems Of...
Interpretations of Sustainable Urban Transport systems of different international cities
Introduction
Sustainable development is the current holy grail of developers & planners across the globe. It is a
roadmap to attain sustainability in any resource using activity requiring intra–generational & inter–
generational reproduction, where reserve use & living condition of present & future human
generation is being met without undermining the "integrity, stability & beauty" of natural biotic
systems (Leopold, 1949). After Brundtland Report, the term "Sustainable development" gained
popularity and mainstream use (Brundtland, 1987). Sustainable development preaches that socio–
economic–ecological progresses are concomitantly attainable within ... Show more content on
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(congestion, pollution, overpopulation etc.). Sustainable Urban transport sector was chosen to study
& compare transport planning, policy & implementation of different countries across the globe. It
was found that countries already heavily developed in vehicular mode (private vehicle) is having
hard time shifting modal preference to sustainable urban transport systems (MRT, BRT, NMV); as
this requires huge initial capital investment, enthusiastic public participation & political
statesmanship & sagacity & willingness to face hostile public reaction to change over (ie;
Singapore– modal shift from vehicular to public transport) (MoT, Singapore website, 2014).
Countries like USA also faces huge public opposition (perception of curtailment of freedom) & legal
barrier (4th amendment, US constitution), (Richard, 2009). USA (San Francisco, Portland, New
York, and Milwaukee) has deconstructed freeways (Norquist, 2000); France (Paris) has converted
Georges Pompidou Expressway into Paris–Plage (Paris Beach) (Charles Siege, 2007) and South
Korea (Seoul) has removed Cheonggye freeway to restore Cheonggyecheon river (Natalie, 2013).
Achieving the balance between progress and impact is a delicate dance choreographed through
sustainable development planning, policy and pragmatic implementation. How the described
countries are faring will now be scrutinized.
Definition:
Sustainable development is "Development that meets the needs

Case Study Of Synechron
SYNECHRON
TRANSPORT POLICY
http://www.synechron.com,
January 18th, 2013
Table of Contents
OBJECTIVE: 4
PURPOSE: 4
SCOPE: 4
APPLICABILITY: 4
1. MODES OF TRANSPORTATION AND ELIGIBILITY 4
1.1 Transport Management System(TMS) 4
1.2 Transport Management System(TMS) 8
1.3 Visa /Mumbai Airport Transport/Client Visits 9
1.4 Female Employee Drop/Pick up 10
1.4.1 Female Employee working hours 10
1.4.2 Female Employees Confirmation Call 11
1.4.3 Security & Escort for lady employees. 11
1.5 Transportation for Interview Candidate 12
1.6 Transportation for Medical Emergency 12
1.6.1 Medical Emergency at work place 12
1.6.2 Medical Emergency at home 12
1.7 Transportation for Parcel and Courier Services 13
1.8 Transportation for Company Events/Team ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A two dimensional digital image is a representation of an image as a set of digital values, called
pixels. Each pixel is associated to a specific position X_ij in the image and has an intensity value d
(X_ij ) with information about the color and intensity at the point〖 X〗_ij. An image of 8 bit is
usually stored as a matrix with integer entries between 0 and 255, where 0 is the weakest intensity
and 255 is the strongest. Gray scale images are composed of shades of gray. Each pixel has a single
value that tells us intensity, varying from 0 corresponding to black and 255 corresponding to white.
The RGB color model is one possible model in which to represent a color image. Shades of red,
green and blue are combined create other colors. A pixel in color image then consists of three integer

values between 0 and 255. The values define the intensity of red, green and blue respectively. It is
possible to represent 2563 = 16777216 different colors in this

Urban Public Transportation : A Public Bus Service
When envisioning urban public transportation many people commonly picture bus service. In the
Bloomington–Normal urban area, the public bus service is Connect Transit, which recently
embraced its new name, leaving behind the clunky name Bloomington–Normal Public
Transportation System possibly in efforts to rebrand its entire image. The image of public
transportation however, may not be able to be rebranded as there seems to be a certain stigma which
is affiliated with relying on the bus service as a primary means of transportation. After riding
Connect Transit around the cities for even just an hour however, it is easy to see that stigma may
well be an issue of race and class, rather than simply utilizing public transportation. "Public transit
situates is so that we are given license to accept what's right in front of us, but will likely arouse our
desire to compare our narrative to someone else's, to give ourselves permission to speculate upon a
person's private space, or life, with no fear of recourse or punishment" (Wilson, 2012). In order to
take a deeper look into the barriers that low–income people face, as well as to attempt to learn about
how inequality and social stratification are at work in the Bloomington–Normal community, riding
the available public transportation allowed for detailed participant observation.
Arriving at the Normal Uptown Station the intent was to take the Orange H bus which departed the
station at 55 minutes past the hour, every hour. The

Indi The Architecture Of Community
1. Introduction
"A City is not an accident but the result of coherent vision and aims."
– Leon Krier, The Architecture of Community
India is moving towards fast paced economic growth. After India entered Open Market Operations
under the leadership of Prime Minister P.V. Narsimha Rao, economic policies endured lots of
opportunities for foreign direct investment further offering people new windows of employment and
growth of the nation overall. In the reports of McKinsey 's India 's Urban awakening, "it has been
mentioned that many countries are facing problems of aging population whereas India
comparatively has a young and growing population which is a potential demographic advantage".
For this advantage to work wonders, India needs urban centers with better transportation,
infrastructural facilities and housing. In the very same report of McKinsey, "it said that the urban
economy will provide 85 percent of total revenue, which will finance development nationwide".
Thus report of McKinsey indirectly states that cities are the engines of growth, hence with better
transportation system and infrastructure the urban development will enhance at a faster pace.
Public transportation takes a special place in city 's smooth functioning, since it offers mobility and
access to people in accomplishing their daily tasks. Technological advancement and rise in incomes
have made people to rely more on private mode of transport due to poor services by public transport
agencies in India.

Bus Service Is The Most Common Vision
Bus service is the most common vision that comes to mind when one thinks about Urban Public
transportation. The Bloomington– Normal area uses Connect Transit, which has multiple buses and
routes throughout the area. Although the Connect Transit system is very helpful for most students,
allowing us to go to the mall with friends, visit target for food and 'needed' items, or visiting the
downtown, it can also prove to be extremely difficult and stressful for people who would have to
rely everyday on it. After riding the bus for more than an hour, making two transfers along the way
and visiting multiple neighborhoods, I came to realize why a stigma regarding public transportation
exists. "Public transit situates is so that we are given license to accept what's right in front of us, but
will likely arouse our desire to compare our narrative to someone else's, to give ourselves
permission to speculate upon a person's private space, or life, with no fear of recourse or
punishment" (Wilson, 2012). In order to view the barriers that low– income people face on a daily
basis when it comes to riding the bus, I rode the available public transportation, allowing for
detailed observation.
I arrived at the Normal Uptown Station at 4:50, prepared to take the Orange H bus through Normal,
to Eastland mall. I knew that the bus would be arriving at 55 minutes past the hour, so I looked up
and down the row of already parked buses, and when I did not see the Orange, I sat down on one of
the

Transport Disadvantage And The Regional Transport Essay
Introduction It is widely acknowledged that Northern Ireland has suffered from decades of
underinvestment in its roads and public transport (RTS, Department for Regional Development
2002). Northern Irelands public transport networks are lacking in many areas of the country. To
address key issues surrounding a lack of adequate transport provision, and to combat the growing
problems of car dependence and transport disadvantage, the Northern Ireland Assembly
commissioned the Regional Development Strategy and the Regional Transport Strategy. This essay
will discuss the nature of transport disadvantage, identify the groups affected by transport
disadvantage, and evaluate and discuss the policies proposed by the Regional Transport Strategy,
and how they will attempt to remedy the problems faced by these disadvantaged groups. What is
Transport Disadvantage? Transport disadvantaged groups can be identified as individuals and
families in the society that cannot easily travel to the opportunities they would like to use. (Warren,
Paula 2011). Transport disadvantage can be more easily defined as the difficulty in accessing
transport through a result of cost, location, disability or age. Transport disadvantage in Northern
Ireland has been exacerbated by an increase in car dependency rates and less investment in local
transport services for socially disadvantaged groups. The number of journeys mad by car in
Northern Ireland accounted for 72% of all journeys made in 2012–2014, an

How A Website Maintained By The University Of Indiana
A website maintained by the University of Indiana (2014) showed that this university had five bus
routes namely route A, B, D, E, and X. Depending upon the weekdays and weekends the bus service
time was different. Campus bus services did not provide any transfer service to the public bus.
However, the campus bus service was fare free system; no passengers had to pay bus fare. All buses
were equipped with wheel chair ramp for disabled passengers. The transit system also provided
night service which normally operated from 10 pm to 3 am. The website used 'DoubleMap'
application which is on–line bus tracking system that provided real time information of the bus on
the selected routes.
Baylor University (2014) provided a campus bus system running the service at no riding cost. The
daily bus service operated every 15 minutes in blue route and every 7.5 minutes in red route from 7
am to 5:25 pm through Monday to Friday. For other hours, routes was operating every 20 minutes
from 6.30 pm to 1.30 am through Monday to Thursday. The transit service was also offering free
ride from Baylor to downtown Waco on Friday night starting at 8.30 pm to 2.30 am. This transit
service also provided online bus tracking system that had information system for the location of
arriving bus and estimated arrival time through the GPS system installed in the Baylor University
shuttles.
University of Cincinnati (UC, 2014) transportation service was managing two transit services
namely the Bearcats

A Public And Private Partnership And A Reciprocal...
Recently the City of Wichita has begun to experience problems, providing and maintaining its
transportation services. The City of Wichita has traditionally operated a standard transit system
common in other cities. This transit system included large busses on fixed routes and smaller busses
for specialized transportation needs. This system does not cover the entire scope of public
transportation needs required by citizens. Citizens have voiced a need for change in the city's transit
system. In this memo I will propose two alternatives, a public/private partnership and a reciprocal
community transport system, that aim to improve the Wichita transit system.
Background
People see the current transit system as limited in scope. Both in terms of operating hours and bus
route options. According to the Wichita Eagle, the current system "operates from 5:45 a.m. to 6:45
p.m. Monday through Friday and 6:45 a.m. to 5:45 p.m. Saturday" (Wilson, 2013). This limits the
passenger usage to these specific hours. People needing public transportation before and after these
times require alternate methods of travel. In addition, not all bus routes run through major city
destinations. Some bus routes are positioned away from major areas of traffic. For many citizens in
order to utilize the public transit system, they must first seek another form of transportation in order
to reach a bus stop location.
In order to determine applicable solutions for public transit issues, one first needs to

Faculty of Technology and Built Environment
Faculty of Technology and Built Environment
TABLE OF CONTENT:
Introduction
Background
Problem statement
Project objectives and benefits
Route selection process
Environmental issues
Affected parties
Consultation process
Project design
Technical challenges
Conclusions
References
Highway Project Review
Auckland, a highly populated city in New Zealand experiences traffic problems frequently. This
problems needs to be resolved through development of a road system that would tackle challenges
imposed by the population. Auckland Transport manages road projects in the city. One of the
projects in Auckland city that is underway by Auckland Transport (AT) is the upgrade of Dominion
Road project. AT inherited this project from the Auckland city council, which had earlier undertaken
public consultation for a proposed upgrade to Dominion Road. Key concerns from the earlier
consultation undertaken by the Auckland City Council included loss of on–street parking, and
concerns that use of bus lanes by other vehicles would create four–lane highway. AT in its design
includes the concerns raised and has engaged both the public, including the potentially affected
residents, and other key stakeholders from the government and the private sector. AT has opened a
feedback process in which views about the improvement of Dominion road are collected to be
examined and possibly to be approved and included in the final design.
Upgrading the dominion road will bring

Essay on Freedom Riders
The Freedom Riders were a group of college students and leaders of various racial equality
organizations, both blacks and whites, which tested the law of integration for public transportation.
The law was instated, but Alabama especially didn't follow it. The Freedom Riders rode buses into
the cities to see if the townspeople accepted or declined the new law. They in turn ended up beating,
pummeling, and chasing the riders out of town with the white mobs. The Freedom Riders violently
fought the segregation of blacks and whites for public transportation systems, and their victory led
to the integration of many other places and the making of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The
Freedom Riders started their trip from Washington D.C. on May ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The riders were beaten again by another mob (Powledge 255). The Freedom Riders then proceeded
to head down South to Birmingham, Alabama on May 20, 1961, at 8:30 A.M. CST from the
Greyhound Bus Station to test the newly instated law involving the integration for public
transportation. The spokesman for the group was a twenty–one year old named John Lewis. They
were led by police vehicles on the highway and followed by undercover cop cars for protection.
When they arrived at 10:23 A.M. CST they were bombarded by a mob of people (Loory 573). A
white male named James Peck was beaten unconsciously and needed 56 stitches to close up his head
wounds (Powledge 255). Stuart H. Loory, a reporter who trailed the journey of the Freedom Riders'
bus, states in great detail that, "The mob had first pummeled three National Broadcasting Co.
newsmen and several other photographers, smashing their equipment. Then it turned to vent its
unsatisfied fury on the band of students who stood quietly on the bus platform, apparently not
knowing what to do after completing the ride from Birmingham." The mobsters used everything
imaginable to beat the riders. Loory had been on the platform, escaped without injury, and witnessed
this as follows, Using metal pipes, baseball bats, sticks, and fists, the mob surged on the small group
of Freedom Riders, clubbing, punching, chasing, and beating both whites and Negroes. When some
of the bus riders began to

Four Economic Factors And Macroeconomic Analysis Of...
COMPANY BACKGROUND
ComfortDelGro is one of the largest multinational transportation companies inaugurated in 29
March 2003 through the "merger of two land transport companies – Comfort Group and DelGro
Corporation", (ComfortDelGro, n.d.) both of which were founded in the 1970s. It is the market
leader in Singapore's transportation industry and "has a global fleet of 45,335 vehicles",
(ComfortDelGro, 2017) (Appendix _) with its core services that include "bus, taxi, rail, car rental
and leasing, automotive engineering services, inspection and testing services, driving centre,
insurance broking services and outdoor advertising". (ComfortDelGro, n.d.) Furthermore, it has an
extensive presence in overseas markets that span across the "United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia,
Vietnam, Malaysia, as well as 11 cities in China that include Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou,
Shenyang and Chengdu". (ComfortDelGro, n.d.) (Appendix _)
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
The following four macroeconomic factors will affect the transportation industry.
(1) Petroleum Prices
The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) aims to coordinate and unify the
petroleum policies of its Member Countries and ensure the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Competitors in the public buses industry includes GoAhead, Tower Transit and SMRT, all of which
operates under the Bus Contracting Model whereby the Land Transport Authority (LTA) determines
the bus routes that these buses operate, pays them a fixed fee to do so and retains the fare revenue.
As such, SBS Transit will receive a smaller portion of the total fees given that they will be running
lesser bus routes as compared to before due to the increased competition. They also ought to
continue offering exceptional services to their passengers to stay ahead of the competition and prove
to the LTA that they are able to take on more bus routes in

A Segment Of American Society That Does Not Benefit From...
There is not a segment of American society that does not benefit from public transportation. It is a
fact of life that some portion of the urban population is comprised of those individuals who cannot
use or do not have access to a car to travel because they are handicapped, elderly, or economically
disadvantaged. Consider for a moment if your elderly mother or grandmother lived in this
neighborhood and could not get about without the help of others. Now consider how much more
self–sufficient she would feel if she were able to get out and about on her own when she needed or
wanted. Some form of public transportation is necessary if the people in this category are to have the
mobility essential for subsistence and satisfaction in their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Stetson. Tonyaa Weathersbee wrote an article in the Florida Times Union titled 'Mass Transit Is a
Crucial Issue for Working People without Cars' where she says "The mass transportation market–its
riders and potential riders–comprises two broad groups, captive riders and choice riders. Captive
transit riders must rely on mass transit; they do not have an alternative way to travel for some or all
of their trips because an automobile is required but none is available or because they cannot drive or
cannot afford an automobile. Choice riders use transit if it provides service superior to that of their
principal alternative, usually the automobile. Captive and choice riders have different needs and
preferences, and different services can be designed to accommodate them." The captive riders are
the ones that are disadvantaged and thereby lacking in transportation choices and are the ones in
Deland that are most in need of an additional bus route. Getting a bus line to run near these
neighborhoods is crucial as presently for many the nearest bus stop is a one mile or more walk
through an area with a high crime rate. While many of these neighborhoods do have sidewalks, if
the weather is inclement or a person gets off the bus after dark, they still must walk one mile,
perhaps further from the nearest bus stop, depending upon the location of home. That is not

The Improvement Of Customer Satisfaction Of Auckland...
ASSESSMENT ONE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Auckland Transportation: "To Improve customer satisfaction".
Members of group:–Savisha, Jai, Namrta, Supriya,
Purvi, Avishek, Hedy
Lecturer: Dr Julianne Wu
Appendix
Preface 3.
Current Fares and Services Overviews 3.
Aims/Objectives 3.
Rational 3–4.
Research Methods 4.
Literature review 4–7. Limitations 7–8.
Time Frame 8–9.
References 9–10.
Preface
The Research report is based on "the improvement of customer satisfaction of Auckland
transportation".
Our key focus will be Analysing the Route time table, Availability and services on

Transportation Advantages And Disadvantages
The type of transport that an individual uses daily not only affect themselves, but also the wider
community. There are many factors that are likely to affect how an individual makes decisions.
Some decisions are made rationally, others are not. In the past decade, both cities of Greater
Melbourne and Perth are being affected by people's transportation choices. The rapid increase in
population across Australian cities, especially Melbourne and Perth means that the government is
looking for solutions to reduce problems such as raising levels of pollution, congestion and travel
time. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) the residential population of Greater
Melbourne has increased by 2.1% and Greater Perth has increased by 1.6%, during the period of
June 2014 to June 2015 (2017). Consequently, this steep increase in population means that the
transport infrastructure in both cities is being put under increasing pressure. Therefore, to cope with
the rising population, both cities have expanded their public transportation network. In the year of
2015–16 in Perth, 6,850 Transperth train services were run weekly (Public Transport Authority
2017) and in Melbourne there are over 2,200 week day services and more than 3000 services during
the weekends (Metro Trains Melbourne 2017).
As seen in the graph above, both Perth and Melbourne are showing strong trends of growth.
Furthermore, the steep incline in Perth from 2007 can be explained by the opening of the Mandurah
train line in 2007. From 2006, Melbourne is showing a rapid growth, this is because in the 2006
Commonwealth games occurred in Melbourne (Changing Transport 2012). Moreover, both cities
also experienced population growth therefore this may account for the public transport growth.
Private transportation such as cars are very popular with the Australian public. Around 76% of all
vehicles accounted for in 2013 were passenger vehicles (ABS 2014). Cars have become increasingly
affordable and offer greater mobility therefore more Australians are choosing them over public
transportation (ABS 2014). By analysis Australian Bauru of Statistics data social research company
McCrindle found that two in three Australians drive to work or study

Description and Challenges of the London Bus System
The London Bus Tendering Regime – Principles and Practice[1]
Toner, JP[2]
Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
email: jtoner@its.leeds.ac.uk telephone: 00 44 113 233 6617 fax: 00 44 113 233 5334
Introduction
Since the introduction of bus service tendering in London in the mid 1980s, there has been,
according to London Transport Buses (1999), "a dramatic improvement" in both the quality of bus
services provided and the value for money achieved. However, the rules of the game have changed
considerably over time. Whereas in the first instance a gross cost regime was used to let just a part
of the network to public sector operators, in recent years the whole of the network has been let in ...
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The last of these contracts expired earlier this year. To complete the process, the Tendered Bus
Division started to let competitive net cost contracts alongside competitive gross cost contracts, the
aim being to use the type of contract in any particular case which delivered the best value for money
and incentivised operators to improve service quality. As of June 1999, only gross cost contracts
have been offered.
Impacts of tendering
London Transport Buses (1999) claims "a dramatic improvement" in both the quality of bus services
provided and the value for money achieved. Other authors have assessed these claims: White
(2000), White and Tough (1995), Kennedy (1995b). Salient features include: cost reductions of 47%
per bus mile between 1985/6 and 1998/9 (White, 2000); a reduction in the number of bids per
contract from 7 in early 1995 to 3 in late 1996 (ibid.); cheaper costs to the tendering authority of
about 10% per bus mile for gross contracts rather than net (White and Tough, 1995); and lower bid
prices as the number of bids exceeds four (Kennedy, 1995b).
PART B: PRINCIUPLES OF BUS TENDERING
We mean by tendering "the allocation [by government agency] of a protected or exclusive right to

exploit or carry out an activity" (Baldwin and Cave, 1999) such that "consumers or the public gain
an advantage – for example, an efficiently produced and competitively priced service" (ibid.).
In the remainder of this section, we will

Case Study : Ford 's Market Development
Ever thought of a faster, flexible, more affordable bus? If you have experienced the public
transportation in Los Angeles, you probably have. Ford is teaming up with a Boston based tech
startup called Bridj to launch an on demand bus service. Ford and Bridj are partnering up with
Kansas City Area Transportation Authority; the first public–private collaboration in the nation to
start project Ride KC. Bridj mobile app enables Kansas City residents to request on demand Ford
transit shuttle that can be found in various shuttles. The shuttle holds 14 passengers, and people can
reserve a seat on the app. Ford's market development is shifting away from its traditional target
market as the company aims to improve accessibility of jobs to Kansas City employees. A city
where a staggering 18% jobs are accessible within 90 minutes using existing mass transit, according
to Bridj CEO, Matt George. Would Ride KC be a consideration set for consumers? Or would
consumers stick to a safe alternative? Is Ride KC an opportunity for Ford and its partners? Based on
my research, here is what I discovered. According to a 2011 Brookings Institute Study, the average
American city dweller can only reach about 30 percent of the jobs in their region via public transit in
less than 90 minutes. That is a clear indicator that the current US public transit system is inefficient.
A lot of people can't afford cars, or prefer not to have one. In cities like London, and Tokyo that
wouldn't be an issue as they

Readinmg Awareness
1. (Directed Writing)–Reading Awareness 17,Jalan 18/62B, Bandar Menjalara Kepong, 52200 Kuala
Lumpur. 15 October 2010 Dear Mei Li, How are you? I hope you are in pink of health, we never
contacted each other after the English Society Annual Dinner. I have attended a 'Reading Awareness'
camp recently, this camp was organized by district education office. I feel this event is quite
interesting, I want to share with you here. This event was held last week, we congregated in our
school hall. The main purpose of this event is raise awareness of reading. Students are encouraged to
read newspaper such as Star and New Straits Times. The benefits or ... Show more content on
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2. First of all, I have ample reasons to believe that teenagers play truant become continuously
increase. Teenagers play truant normally is influence by their peer influence, because some parents
pay less attention on their children. Some parents even assume their children able to take care of
themselves. Therefore, teenager's mentality become unstable parents always neglected their feeling
and never try to understand them. Consequently, they seek comfort and solace from their friends. 3.
Some teenagers may lost interest of learning because they are unable to cope their homework and
handle their stress. So, they escape this stress by skipping class together. 4. Here are my suggestion
on how to overcome this. Teachers should monitor student's behavior in school. For those who lead
their classmates to play truant must be give warning or send them for counseling. Strict punishments
should raise in school as foreboding to the students. Anyone students outside our school compound
will straight away report to police. 5. The school should organize awareness campaign at school and
invite parents to participate. The head teacher should have dialogues with parents on the

A Brief Note On Public Transport And The United Kingdom
An investigation into LIC Students user habits relation to public transport in the United Kingdom
1. Introduction
In recent years, the educational tourism market has grown rapidly in the United Kingdom, therefore
the government should consider developing services such as public transport. In fact, public
transport system plays an important part to enhance the quality of life for citizens with the United
Kingdom (Weisbrod & Reno, 2009), and further for international students who travel abroad in
order to get a better standard of education. It is necessary for them to evaluate how they travel when
they start their studies. International students come from different cultures and backgrounds,
different values and behaviors, and that is why this research becomes imperative to find out what
they need when they use the public transport services in the United Kingdom and thus this research
is relevant as an effective system is largely linked with the quality of life of the student. In addition,
1.1 Aims and Objectives
1. To find out whether LIC students use public transport or not in the United Kingdom.
2. To make comparison between public transport system in the United Kingdom and public transport
system in LIC students home countries.
3. To develop public transport system in the United Kingdom according to LIC students opinions.
1.2 Research Questions
1. Do LIC students use public transport in the United Kingdom?
2. How do LIC students use public transport in their

Public Transportation And New Developments
Public Transportation and New Developments
INTRODUCTION
Public transportation is the backbone of many large cities in the country but it seems the system of
transit in cities on the east coast and the west coast are far more efficient and well organized than in
the mid–west. For example in Columbus, Ohio there has been deterioration in the public transit
system. The area which COTA covers is the greater Columbus metropolitan area which includes the
whole of Franklin County and parts of Union, Delaware, Fairfield and Licking Counties. Its main
role is to provide public transit service for the local population and take them from one place to
another safely. But it seems COTA does not involve women passengers in their discussions for
consensus building on new routes and redevelopment of the routes.
In October 2013, the Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA) Hired independent experts to review
and evaluate the entire bus network. In March to June 2014 COTA received public input through ten
public meetings, an online survey and focus groups. Between September 2014 and December 2014 a
new proposed bus network completed was based on public feedback, and the COTA Board of
Trustees accepted final report and adopted framework for future implementation. In January 2015
COTA began Implementation of Transit System Redesign (TSR), which will run through September
2017 with most major changes occurring in May 2017.
This will include hosting four public comment meetings, review public

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