Anaerobic glyco

1. ANAEROBIC
GLYCOLYSIS

2. ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS -
• IS THE TRANSFORMATION OF GLUCOSE TO LACTATE WHEN
LIMITED AMOUNTS OF OXYGEN(O2) ARE AVAILABLE.
• ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS IS ONLY AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF
ENERGY PRODUCTION DURING SHORT, INTENSE EXERCISE,
PROVIDING ENERGY FOR A PERIOD RANGING FROM 10
SECONDS TO 2 MINUTES.

3. GLYCOLYSIS UNDER AEROBIC AND
ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
• REGENARATION OF CYTOSOLIC NAD UNDER AEROBIC
CONDITION
• UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITION ,NAD IS REGENERATED BY
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE
• ETHANOLIC FERMENTATION IN YEAST SERVES A DUAL
PURPOSE

4. • THE INITIAL PHOSPHORYLATION REACTIONS (STEPS 1 AND 3 IN SLIDE 3.2)
EXPEND TWO MOLECULES OF ATP. ONE MOLECULE OF ATP EACH IS
OBTAINED IN STEPS 7 AND 10. SINCE ALL OF THE STEPS FROM 6 TO 11
OCCUR TWICE PER MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE, THE NET BALANCE IS A GAIN
OF TWO MOLES OF ATP PER MOLE OF GLUCOSE—A VERY MODEST
CONTRIBUTION TO THE FINAL TALLY. STILL, GLYCOLYSIS IS A VIABLE
SOURCE OF ATP, AND IT IS THE MAJOR ONE THAT OPERATES IN OUR
TISSUES UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS, THAT IS, WHILE OXYGEN IS IN
SHORT SUPPLY. THIS CONCERNS MOSTLY SKELETAL MUSCLE DURING
MAXIMAL EXERCISE, SUCH AS A 100 METER DASH. AS NOTED ABOVE,
ERYTHROCYTES AND SOME OTHER CELL TYPES RELY ON ANAEROBIC
GLYCOLYSIS EVEN UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS.

5. THE GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE REACTION (STEP 6
IN SLIDE 3.2) REDUCES ONE EQUIVALENT OF NAD+ TO NADH. THE
CONCENTRATION OF NAD+ IN THE CYTOSOL IS NOT HIGH, AND IT MUST
THEREFORE BE REGENERATED FROM NADH IN ORDER FOR GLYCOLYSIS TO
CONTINUE. UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS, THE HYDROGEN IS TRANSFERRED
FROM NADH TO ONE OF SEVERAL CARRIERS THAT DELIVER IT TO THE
RESPIRATORY CHAIN IN THE MITOCHONDRIA, AND ULTIMATELY TO
OXYGEN. THESE SHUTTLE MECHANISMS ARE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL IN
SECTION 6.9. UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS, THIS IS IMPOSSIBLE;
THEREFORE, OTHER MEANS FOR HYDROGEN DISPOSAL ARE REQUIRED.

6. • ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS ALSO OCCURS IN MANY MICROBES, WHICH ALSO
FACE THE NEED TO REOXIDIZE NADH. WITHOUT THE OPTION OF REVERTING
TO OXIDATIVE METABOLISM WITHIN A SHORT TIME SPAN, THEY MUST ALSO
DEAL WITH THE CONTINUED ACCUMULATION OF ACID. THE YEAST
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE SOLVES THIS PROBLEM THROUGH ETHANOLIC
FERMENTATION: THE ACID IS CONVERTED TO A NEUTRAL AND
CONSIDERABLY LESS TOXIC COMPOUND (ETHANOL) VIA DECARBOXYLATION.
THE CO2 DEVELOPED IN THIS REACTION MAKES BREAD DOUGH RISE UP,
WHEREAS THE ETHANOL DOES THE SAME TO GOVERNMENT TAX REVENUE.*

7. ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS SYSTEM
-Also has some alternative names,the lactic acid
or the
lactacid system
-this system mainly provides the bulk of ATP
production during high intensity ,sub-maximal
efforts.
-it may also become the dominant producer of
ATP during repeated phosphate efforts which
have insufficient recovery time allow full
phosphocreatine
Replenishment

8. -THE ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS SYSTEM IS
CLOSELY LINKED WITH SEVERAL FITNESS
COMPONENTS
• ANAEROBIC POWER
• LOCAL MUSCULAR ENDURANCE
• SPEED
• MUSCULAR POWER

9. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AEROBIC
AND ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS
• AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS HAS CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER
AS BY PRODUCTS WHILE ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS HAVE
CHUMS OUT BY PRODUCT SUCH AS ETHYL ALCOHOL IN
PLANTS AND LACTIC ACID IN ANIMALS
• ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS ON THE OTHER HAND OCCURS
WHEN GLUCOSE IS BROKEN DOWN WITHOUT THE PRESENCE
OF OXYGEN