3. WEB
The Web is the common name for the World Wide Web.
WWW
• WWW stands for World Wide Web.
• It is all the Web pages, pictures, videos and other online
content that can be accessed via a Web browser.
• The World Wide Web was originally designed in 1991 by Tim
Berners-Lee.
• The World Wide Web is a way of exchanging information
between computers on the Internet.
4. Web Page
• Web page is a document available on world wide
web. Web Pages are stored on web server and can be
viewed using a web browser.
• A web page can contain huge information including
text, graphics, audio, video and hyper links. These
hyper links are the link to other web pages.
5. Website
• Website is a location on web and is hosted on a web
server.
• It is a set of related web pages.
• It is accessed using Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
6. URL
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, and is used to specify
addresses on the World Wide Web. A URL is the fundamental
identification for any resource connected to the web (e.g.,
hypertext pages, images, and sound files).
Example- https://www.dauniv.ac.in
7. Web Browser
• A web browser, or simply "browser," is
an application used to access and view websites.
• A web browser takes you anywhere on the internet.
• It retrieves information from other parts of the web and
displays it on your desktop or mobile device.
•The information is transferred using the Hypertext Transfer
Protocol.
Example- Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer,
etc.
8. HTTP
• HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a set of rule which is used for
transferring the files like, audio, video, graphic image, text and
other multimedia files on the WWW (World Wide Web).
• HTTP is a protocol that is used to transfer the hypertext from
the client end to the server end, but HTTP does not have any
security.
9. Web Server
• A web server is software and hardware that
uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and other protocols
to respond to client requests made over the World Wide Web.
The main job of a web server is to display website content
through storing, processing and delivering web pages to users.
Besides HTTP, web servers also support SMTP (Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer Protocol), used for
email, file transfer and storage.
10. • Web server hardware is connected to the internet and allows
data to be exchanged with other connected devices, while
web server software controls how a user accesses hosted
files. The web server process is an example of
the client/server model. All computers that host websites
must have web server software.
• Web servers are used in web hosting, or the hosting of data
for websites and web-based applications or web applications.
12. Web Page Overview
• A webpage is an electronic document that is designed with
HTML codes and can be accessed using web browser with the
help of internet.
• A webpage usually contains text and images formatted in
HTML.
• Webpages together make up the world wide web.
13. Web Page Overview
• For accessing a webpage, we need to have its URL(Uniform
Resource Locator).
• You will enter that URL on the web browser and browser will
display contents of that webpage.
• For example, to access result page of Vikram University, you
will write http://vikramexam.net .
• If you don’t know the URL of the webpage you want to visit,
you can use a search engine to find the webpage.
14. Web Page Overview
• There are two types of webpages –
Static and Dynamic.
• Static means unchanged while dynamic means changing.
• Static webpages are also known as flat or stationary webpage.
• A static webpage is delivered exactly as stored as web content
in the web server while a dynamic web page shows different
information at different point of time.
15. Web Page Overview
• Standard HTML pages are static webpages. They contain
HTML code, which defines the structure and content of the
webpage.
• Each time when it is loaded it will look the same unless or
until the web developer updates the file.
• Other type of pages like PHP, ASP and JSP pages are dynamic
web pages.
18. Elements of a web page
Some of the important basic elements of a web page are –
• Page title
• Meta description
• Headline
• Sub-headline
• Content
• In-content links
19. The page title
• The title of a web page is the text displayed on the
uppermost tab of the browser.
• It gives us information webpage is related to.
• It should be short and should have precise meaning.
20. The Meta Description
• The meta description is the text that appears right under your
page title in search results.
• It provides a brief summary of a web page.
• Search engines say Google often display the meta description in
search results typically up to 160 characters long.
21. The Meta Description
• You will not see the meta description in the content of a web
page, it will only appear in the search results.
• It helps people decide whether to click on your page or not in
search results.
• It gives you an idea about the subject of the page.
22. The Headline
• Headline is part of the content of the page.
• Headline is the text that gives you an idea whole content is
about.
• It should be useful and unique.
• It must attract readers to visit your page.
• H1 is the HTML tag for the main headline of your page.
23. The Sub-Headline
• HTML provides you with tags to arrange your contents into
different segments using multiple sub-headings.
• You can use H2 or H3 headings tags to put sub-headings in a
web page.
24. Content of the page
• It contains main content of your page.
• It may include text, graphics, audio and video files like any
creative element.
• It is the main source behind number of visitors to your site.
• The layout of content is also important as it helps readers to
read it more effectively.
25. In-Content link or Navigation
• Your webpage may contain internal links to jump from one
part to another especially when it has long pages with lots of
content.
• It helps readers to read relevant contents instead of browsing
each and every line of webpage.
26. Types of Sites
• A website is a collection of web pages conataining data and
information about a particular subject.
• Websites have many functions and can be used in various
ways.
• It can be a personal site, a commercial site for a company, a
government site or non-profit organizational site.
• Sites are typically related to a particular topic or purpose.
• It can provide you news and education in form of
entertainment and educational sites.
27. • Basically types of websites are –
1. Personal Sites
2. Small Business Sites
3. Large Business Sites
4. Online Business Sites
5. Educational Institution Sites
6. Government Sites.
7. Blogs
28. Personal Sites
• A personal website is a group of web pages that is created by
someone for exploring information about themselves.
• It contains personal information about you.
• By personal information we doesn't mean things that are
personal but it means your thoughts, ideas, interests, hobbies,
family, friends, feeling or something you feel strongly about.
• It may contain online diaries, self written books, poems,
family pets or a page about your favorite topic such as
political affairs, sport, hobby, TV shows, etc.
29. Personal Sites
• You can share your photos, family photos so as to tell readers
about your family life.
• These type of websites are very useful for freelance very
useful for freelance workers to show their work.
• One of the most popular reasons to write a personal website
is simply to write about oneself.
• People like to talk about themselves, they also like to write
about themselves and tell other people who they are.
30. Small Business Sites
• Small business website is a website build to attract and help
customers in knowing about your business.
• It serves as an official presence of your business on the
internet.
• A small business website makes your business look more
serious and trustworthy.
•
• It normally become bigger as your business grows
31. Small Business Sites
• Website serves as an as an extension of your business.
• It provides information about you, your business and services
offered.
• It gives details about your background, experience and other
credentials to give you credibility and give potential
customers more confidence when deciding whether or not to
deal with you.
32. Large Business Sites
• A business site or corporate website is created to provide
account information and access to customers, partners,
clients and potential customers.
• It gives overall information about a business, organization or
service.
• Some popular business site include Yahoo! , Google, CNBC,
Business insider, etc.
33. Online Business Site
• Online business site is a type of site created for the intension
of selling goods or services.
• Its purpose is to reach the online market and do business over
the internet.
• An online business site is used to sell and buy products online.
• These types of sites will have one or more payment gateways
to process online transactions. Popular examples for these
kind of websites are amazon.com, flipkart.com, etc.
34. Educational Sites
• These types of sites are built by academic institutions or
related organizations to provide information about education
and courses they offer.
• It can also have features like user registration etc. to make
users to engage with the website contents and other
registered users.
• Users of these sites are generally students or teacher of the
institute.
35. Government Sites
• A government website is a department, local or state
government site that was created to inform the public about a
department or connect the public to government services.
• A local government website may also be set up to help
promote tourism.
• It is created and designed for a local, regional or national
government to communicate information, update the public,
provide their departmental contact details, roles and
responsibilities and other vital information.
36. Blogs
• Blog is also known as weblog.
• A weblog is a website that looks like a diary or journal and is
maintained by one person who is known as blogger.
• Every blog on the internet consists of different blog posts
written by the blogger.
• Bloggers normally express their views and opinions on any
topic.
• If a blog contain video material, then it is also called a video
log or video blog or vlog in short form.
37. Blogs
• Blog can be shared on social networks (Twitter, Facebook,
etc.) and people can leave comments under the blog posts in
order to start meaningful conversation.
• Blogs can have a lot of visitors.
• Some blogs are used as personal journals, some are used as a
way to teach and coach other, some are used to sell products
and promote brands and some are used as purely a form of
creative expression.
38. Blogs
• When a person writes a blog, what they write is the form of a
post.
• Post is a single piece of writing on the blog.
• Posts may include links to other websites.
• Blogs can have one or more writers.
• If they have more than one writer, they are often called
community blogs, team blogs, group blogs.
39. Twitter
• Twitter is a free social networking micro blogging service that
allows users to publish short messages that are visible to
users.
• These messages are known as tweets and can only be 140
characters or less in length.
• It is an American online news and social networking service.
• Twitter members can broadcast tweets and follow other users
tweets by using multiple platforms and devices.
40. Twitter
• Tweets and replies to tweets can be sent by cell phone text
message, desktop client or by posting at the Twitter.com
website.
• Many people uses twitter to blog about the news, politics, TV
shows, or any other trending topic.
• Some people even use it to share their thoughts on lectures.
• In order to use Twitter, you must first sign up for a free
account.
41. Twitter
• Once you have created your account, you can post your own
updates and view the updates other have posted.
• You can search for people to follow or you can let Twitter
select random users.
• Once you have selected a number of users, their most recent
posts or tweets will show up on your Twitter home page.
• Similarly, your own latest tweets will show up on the home
pages of people who have decided to follow you.
42. Matching Format To Audience
• Websites shouldn’t just look pretty, they should also be
functional and work with the target audience in mind.
• Matching your website and design to your target audience is
an important step if you want to turn your website into a
conversion machine.
• We have to keep a thing in mind during matching format to
audience –
– DETERMINE YOUR TARGET AUDIENCE
43. DETERMINE YOUR TARGET AUDIENCE
• The first step to building a high converting website is to
identify your target audience.
• Knowing your target audience and ideal customer is crucial
before you set off on your designing journey.
• Knowing what your target audience love and hate will have a
huge influence on your design and will help you make the
perfect website.
44. DETERMINE YOUR TARGET AUDIENCE
• Have a think about their location, age, gender, race, income
and even their hobbies.
• The more data you collect about your target audience, the
more information you’ll have to work with later on. This
information will help you make the right decision when it
comes to designing that will result in a much better design
45. Creating Guidelines
• Guidelines provide clear direction to readers and visitors.
• Creating clear and specific guidelines is absolutely critical for
getting back great content.
• They are also important in minimizing the back and forth
while going from one page to another which saves time and
helps you in publishing even more great content.
• Creating guidelines and standards for every project can
increase your workflow and will keep your design consistent.
46. Creating Guidelines
• Say, you want to create guidelines for your brand.
• With brand guidelines one can learn about your company's brand,
brand identity and how your brand should be represented.
• Similarly you can achieve project uniformity by creating design
documentation or style guides.
• A style guide is a set of standards, principles and rules every
developer or designer should follow in order to improve the digital
presence of the product.
• Style guide ensures consistency of design and optimization so as to
meet business objectives and enjoyable experience for users.
47. Creating Guidelines
• It is also a way to ensure that team is on the same page when
designing separate part of the website or saving designs from
developers.
• These steps are followed to create a web design style guide —
1. Study the Brand — It means to know the brand, observe the
team and figure out the vision, mission and values of the company.
2. Define Typography — Typography is the most important
communication tool between visitors and your website. You can
define headline, font family, weight and color.
48. Creating Guidelines
3. Color Palette — You can set colors for your website.
4. Select iconography to set you apart — Iconography can really
help set your brand apart. You can link specific set within the guide
so they are much easier to find.
5. Set a style for your photography.
6. Use web — Specific elements.
7. Set your brand voice (Brand voice is the way you talk to your
customers and is defined by your brand's style of communication).
49. Creating a Site Structure
• A website's structure refers to how the website is set up i.e.
how the individual subpages are linked to one another.
• It should be build in such a way that if a website contain many
pages then visitors can find all subpages quickly and easily.
• Website structures are the first step to building incredible
information architecture.
• Four types of website structures are —
50. Creating a Site Structure
1. Hierarchical Model
• These are the most common types of website structure.
• They start with a broad set of information (main page) that is
further divided into sub pages.
• These are sometimes referred to as tree structure.
52. Creating a Site Structure
2. Sequential Model
• Websites with sequential structures require users to go step-
by-step, following a specific path through content.
• Visitors move around the site in a sequence. Visitors can only
move backward or forward from one step to another.
• An example of this type of structure is when a user is
attempting to purchase something or is taking a course
online.
54. Creating a Site Structure
3. Matrix Model
• It provide a facility of determining your own path since
content is linked in numerous ways.
• This type of structure lets visitors choose where they would
like to go next.
• Instead of building a sequence or limiting navigation with
parent/child relationships, this structure provides many links
under topic groups with those who land on the page choosing
where they go next.
55. Creating a Site Structure
4. Database Model
• Database model takes a bottom-up approach.
• This dynamic approach to website structuring integrates a
database with search.
• This structure produces a site where visitors can create
experiences based on what they are looking for.
56. Writing for the Web
• When writing for the web, we should use plain language.
• Plain language allows users to find what they need,
understand what they have found and then use it to meet
their needs.
• It should also be actionable, findable and shareable.
• Your content should be short and sweet and packed of
information as possible.
57. Writing for the Web
• You should write in active voice instead of passive voice.
• Make headlines so as to keep your website interesting.
• Try do put the most important content on your page in the
first paragraph, so that readers do not miss your main idea.
• Use appropriate text formatting such as bold and italics.
• You should not create links that uses just the phrase "click
here".
58. Writing for the Web
• Write the sentence as you normally do and make that word or
group of words a hyperlink that describe the content you are linking
to descriptive link text helps all site visitors.
• In order to rank well in a search engine include keywords you think
your visitors will search for.
• Write useful, clear, well organized content.
• Do not duplicate content rather create a link for that appropriate
page.
59. Download Time
• Download means to retrieve a page or file from the internet
or the process of downloading a file.
• Every time when you use the Internet you download data.
• For example, each time when you are visiting a webpage, your
computer download the HTML, CSS, images and other
relevant data in order to display the page in your web
browser.
• Download time is the time it takes to download a file based
on your internet download speed/bandwidth.
60. Methods for Creating Pages
• When we make a website, then there are various methods and
platforms that you can choose from.
• You can make it on your own using website builders or by hiring a
website designer or company to help you in the process.
• Ways by which you can build your website are —
1. Wordpress or any similar CMS.
2. Website Builders
3. HTML/CSS (Any programming content)
4. Hiring a website designer.
61. Methods for Creating Pages
1. Wordpress or any similar CMS
• CMS means content management system.
• It provides you with a simple way to construct your website
without having to know a lot about websites or website
building.
• Wordpress is widely recognized as the best CMS but many
other CMS are also available.
• Here, we are given with standard templates and the coding is
already done on back end.
62. Methods for Creating Pages
2. Website Builder
• Free website builders allow you a simple way to design, build,
launch and manage your website for free.
• These builders are generally "drag and drop" control panels which
means you have number of options on the left which you simply
pick from and then drag them over onto your site with your mouse
and drop them where you want them to go.
• Then you simply fill in the content and launch your site.
• For example, if you choose a textbox from the left and then "drag
and drop" it in the middle of the page, you simply then write the
text in the box.
63. Methods for Creating Pages
3. HTML/CSS (Any programming language)
• You can develop the website on your own computer, using any
programming language like HTML and CSS and then you can
upload it to your hosting provider (usually via FTP).
• This type of method is more flexible and portable but it
requires technical skills and more time.
• You can use HTML editor to write your code.
64. Methods for Creating Pages
4. Hiring a Web Designer
• Although it is very costly but the most easiest way.
• It simply means that you will hire a professional web designer
who will design your website.
• You need to pay him a fee and in return he will provide you
with a website of your choice.
65. Publishing a Site
• Web publishing is a large process and identical to book
publishing.
• It starts right from writing the first word of the first page to
the moment it gets published.
• Likewise, Web publishing includes different stages till it
becomes available for the premiere.
66. Publishing a Site
• The process includes deciding a name of domain, registering it
with the competent registrar, starts writing contents for the
site, designing pages for them, uploading the site with a host.
• Every stage is crucial and you have to be careful while
choosing perfect software for designing and uploading and
deciding about the most appropriate host in terms of facilities
offered and investment as well.
67. Publishing a Site
• There are basically five phases in web publishing as follows –
1. Domain name planning and registration
2. Web hosting
3. Web design and development
4. Promotion
5. Maintenance
68. Publishing a Site
1. Domain name planning and registration
• Domain name registration is the act of reserving a name on
the Internet for a certain period, usually one year.
• It is important to know that this domain will remain yours for
as long as you renew it and there is no way to purchase a
domain name forever.
• Domain name registration is necessary for a website, an email
or another web service.
69. Publishing a Site
2. Web hosting
• Web hosting is a service that allows organizations and
individuals to post a website or web page onto the Internet.
• A web host, or web hosting service provider, is a business that
provides the technologies and services needed for the
website or webpage to be viewed in the Internet.
• Websites are hosted, or stored, on special computers called
servers.
• When Internet users want to view your website, all they need
to do is type your website address or domain into their
browser.
• Their computer will then connect to your server and your web
pages will be delivered to them through the browser.
70. Publishing a Site
3. Web design and development
• Website designing is something where a software professional
makes use of front-end technologies like HTML5, CSS3,
JavaScript and other frameworks such as Bootstrap to design
the front side of the website. What the user sees is the front
part and it must be attractive and eye-catchy.
• While the Web developments is the back-end of the website.
The user must feel that the website is providing a user
friendly experience to them on their first visit then only it can
generate leads for them form their customers.
71. Publishing a Site
4. Promotion
• Website promotion describes a collection of online and offline
marketing tactics and techniques that can be used to increase
the visibility of a website so that people can find it.
• Such strategies are designed to bring targeted traffic (visitors
who fit your target market) to your website, which is essential
for a business because it helps generate more leads
(prospective buyers) and more sales of a product or service.
72. Publishing a Site
5. Maintenance
• Website maintenance is the act of regularly checking your
website for issues and mistakes and keeping it updated and
relevant.
• This should be done on a consistent basis in order to keep
your website healthy, encourage continued traffic growth, and
strengthen Google rankings.
73. Addressing a Website
• When you go to a webpage, the address of that page is
everything that is showing in the address window of your web
browser including the http:// and all that comes after it.
• That is the full site address, but often you will hear it
abbreviated to leave out the http:// since that is often
implied, or even to leave off the http://www. a portion of the
web address and to only give what follows, such as gmail.com.
Many browsers do not require typing in the http://www.
portions of site addresses.
• Also Known As: Website address, web address, URL
• Examples:
• The site address for Google is http://www.google.com
74. Internet Domain Name System
• When DNS was not in existence, one had to download a host
file containing host names and their corresponding IP address.
• But with increase in number of hosts of Internet, the size of
host file also increased.
• This resulted in increased traffic on downloading this file.
• To solve this problem the DNS system was introduced.
• Domain Name System helps to resolve the host name to an
address.
• It uses a hierarchical naming scheme and distributed database
of IP addresses and associated names.
75. IP Address
• IP address or simple IP is a unique address that identifies
device on Internet.
• IP address or internet protocol address is an identifier given to
each computer and other devices (like printer, router, mobile
devices etc.) connected to TCP/IP network.
• It is used to identify device while communicating with other
devices on network.
• Following is the format of IP address –
nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn
• Example — 182.16.7.2
76. IP Address
• Following are the characteristics of IP address —
• IP address is the unique address assigned to every host
situated on internet.
• IP address is 32 bits (4 bytes) long.
• IP address has two components : Network component and
host component.
• It is difficult to learn 4 addresses hence concept of domain
name was started because it is easy to remember domain
name.
77. Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL) refers to the web address that
identifies document on internet uniquely.
• It is the address of specific webpage or file on the Internet.
• You can enter URL in address bar of web browser.
• For example, https://www.google.com is the URL of Google
website.
• Meaning of http is Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
• www refers to world wide web.
• Google.com is the domain name.
• Types of URL are of two types —
(1) Absolute URL (2) Relative URL
78. Absolute URL
• Absolute URL is a complete address of resource on the web.
• This complete address include protocol server name, path
name and file name.
• For example, http://www.google.com/index.htm
• http is a protocol.
• google.com is server name.
• index.htm is filename.
79. Absolute URL
• Protocol part tells the browser that how to handle file.
• Like this, we do have other protocols that we can use to create URL.
• FTP — file of FTP server.
• https — secure http file.
• gopher — gopher file.
• mailto — email address, link for sending email.
• News — newsgroup of usenet.
• Telnet — Telnet connection
• For example, URL of http website of netscape is
http://www.netscape.com while URL of ftp website of netscape is
ftp://ftp.netscape.com .
80. Relative URL
• Relative URL is half address of webpage.
• Protocol and server part is not included in this.
• Relative URLs are used for internal links or for linking files that
are part of that website.
•
• For example, Relative URL is used to link image on
aimscollege.com/books/computer webpage which is written
as—books/computer.jpg
81. Types of Websites
Static Website
• Static means not moving or not changing.
• Static Website is actually one that contains static Web pages.
• Static Web page is a Web page that displays the same content
to all viewers, usually written in hypertext markup language
(HTML).
• When a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) representing a
static page is received by a Web server, the server always
responds to that request with the same set of HTML and
associated Web content, regardless of the user's identity or
the retrieval context.
82. Types of Websites
Dynamic Website
• Contrary to static, dynamic means always changing and
making progress.
• Dynamic Website is one that contains dynamic Web pages.
• With the continued advancement in the World Wide Web,
Web sites are taking new forms to attract the visitors.
• Emergence of dynamic Web pages is one of those
advancements.
• When you open a dynamic Web page, you see that it is always
changing and creating different impressions.
83. Types of Websites
Dynamic Website
• When you hover your mouse over an image it changes to some
other image and like that.
• Dynamic Web pages are developed at two stages, client side and
server side.
• The Client-side dynamic content is generated on the client's
computer.
• The web server retrieves the page and sends it as it is.
• The web browser then processes the code embedded in the page
normally written in JavaScript and displays the page to the user.
• Client side dynamic content is generated using languages like
JavaScript, DHTML (Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language) and
Flash.
