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Mohammedayaz Rangrez
MSc, PhD
Product Manager
Scintica Instrumentation
Phone: +1 (519) 914 5495
mrangrez@scintica.com
PRECLINICAL
IMAGING WITH
FLUORESCENCE IN
VIVO
ENDOMICROSCOPY
A PhD degree with Animal
surgeries and microscopy
4 years of teaching
experience
16 YouTube
e-Learning shows
4+ years of experience
with microscopy
Fluorescent
Compound Microscope Fluorescence Microscope Confocal Microscope
CONTENT
Background
Introduction to the
Technology
Practical
Parts of the instrument
and their function
Software operation
Imaging
X Y imaging
Optical sectioning
Applications
Safety and
trouble shooting
Summary
BACKGROUND
Bright field Dark field
Benchtop Microscopy:
high resolution, trouble with in vivo imaging, possibilities of artifacts!
Intravital/Multiphoton Microscopy:
high resolution, low flexibility, complicated protocols!
PET/MRI: in vivo imaging,
but no cellular details!
INVASIVE - - - - MINIMALLY INVASIVE - - - NON INVASIVE
nm---µm----RESOLUTION----mm----
In vivo
Ex vivo
MRI
CLSM
INVASIVE - - - - MINIMALLY INVASIVE - - - NON INVASIVE
nm---µm----RESOLUTION----mm----
In vivo
Ex vivo
MRI
CLSM
RAT BRAIN
GLIOBLASTOMA
• Invasive!
Fluorescence/Confocal
Microscope?
• Insufficient Resolution!
MRI PET?
• FIVE - ViewnVivo
Laser Confocal Endomicroscopy!
LCE – FIVE2 is a simple
user-friendly tool!
Laser
Objective
lens
Tissue
Detector
Optical fiber
Imaging plane
Scan
mechanism
Ex = 488nm
Em > 515 nm
FIBER OPTIC CONFOCAL SYSTEM
Transformation and
Miniaturization
• Standard Diameter: 3.8mm
• (1) Short Probe:
46mm Rigid Length
• (2) Standard Probe:
66mm Rigid Length
• (3) Laparoscopic Probe:
300mm Rigid Length
1
2
3
4mm diameter probe
placed in gentle contact
with tissue being imaged.
MINIATURISED SCANNER CONFIGURATION
Contact site is counted as Z = 0
19
• The confocal endomicroscope is an
“optical sectioning” device
(Out of focus material turns black, instead of blurry)
• It isolates A thin plane of cells, viewed en face
(en face = parallel to tissue surface, unlike typical cut sections)
• One of the most important user operations
is the control of the imaging plane depth
• Imaging depth up to 400um
• Tissue dependent
THE ‘Z’ DIMENSION
Capturing 3D Volumes and Enabling 3D Visualization
X Axis Y Axis
Z Axis
20
EN FACE IMAGING VS.
T.S. HISTOLOGY
PRACTICAL
DEMONSTRATION
Image does not show included
3-way footswitch, or optional items
Confocal Processor
PC, Monitor, Keyboard
and Mouse
Probe
Animal Stage
and Probe
Holder
Imager Application
+ Fiji (ImageJ)
FIVE2 Components
Foot pedal facilitates ease of operation
INSTRUMENT OPERATION
Wavelength (nm)
300 400 600 700500
#Fluorophores(logscale) 800
600
400
200
0.0
ImagingDepth(μm)
1000
100
10
1
0.0
488
WHY BLUE (488NM) EXCITATION?
Optimal Performance and Flexibility
SOFTWARE OPERATION
VIEWNVIVO DETECTION FILTERS
Filte r Wh e e l Con ce pt Illu stration
*EMPTY Filter Positions Can Be Used
For ‘Custom Filters’ Which May Be
Specified And Purchased, At An
Additional Cost, At The Time Of
Purchasing The Viewnvivo System
Filter colours and location on the filter wheel are used for illustration purposes only and do not represent the actual filter colour or the detection properties
RODENT IMAGING
Nucleus
Nucleolus?
OPTICAL SECTIONING
1. General Non-specific Or Semi-specific
Fluorophores
• Mainly intercellular compartment
2. Acridines
• Nuclear/Acidic Organelle Stains
• Acriflavine, Proflavine, Acridine Orange…
3. Cycline Antibiotics
• Tetracycline, Doxycycline, more..
4. Membrane Dyes
• Good for nerve tracing
• Dii, DiO, 4-Di-2-Asp
TYPES OF CONTRAST AGENTS
5. Specific Dyes
• Conjugated Peptides
• Conjugated Antibodies
6. Functional Dyes
• Calcium Markers (G-CAMP, Fluo-3, Fluo-4)
• Metabolic Markers
• pH Markers
• Live/Dead Markers
7. Transgenic Fluorophores
• Produced by the living cells when a certain
gene is expressed
• GFP, Egfp, YFP can be imaged
Fluorescein Sodium (10ml of 10%): Intravenously InjectedTopically Applied Acriflavine 0.05%
Images courtesy Prof Adrian Polglase, Cabrini Monash University Academic Surgical Unit, Melbourne Australia
CONTRAST AGENT COMPARISON (COLONIC MUCOSA)
APPLICATIONS OF FLUORESCENCE
IN VIVO ENDOMICROSCOPY
Cancer Vasculature Gastrointestinal Skeletal Skin
FIVE2 offers
virtual histology!
(Ectocervix)
Courtesy of Dr Philip Currie
Cancer Fibrous Tissue Normal Tissue
FIVE2 Images:
Instant, easy, live
and in vivo!
Classical Histology:
Tedious prep, slow,
possible artifacts
and ex vivo!
Images courtesy of: Martin Goetz and Ralf Kiesslich, Mainz University Hospital, Germany
MOUSE BRAIN MICROVASCULAR IMAGING & CELL TRACKING
DOG STOMACH
Image courtesy of Researchers at the University of Melbourne, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
Mitotic cell
nucleus
Ejecting epithelial cell
Brush border &
mucus layer
Images courtesy of Cameron Nowell and researchers at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
TUMOUR ANGIOGENESIS IN VIVO
Images courtesy of: Dr Liem Vo & Peter Anikijenko, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Normal Murine
Dermal Microvasculature
Melanoma-Affected
Dermal Microvasculature
TISSUE ENGINEERING - CARTILAGE
Chondrocytes
Contrast Agent:
Fluorescein Sodium
0.5% in PBS; pH 7.4
fov=500µm
fov=~100µm
Images courtesy of Curtain
University, Perth Western
Australia
Wu JP, Kirk TB, Zheng MH. Study of the collagen structure in the superficial zone and
physiological state of articular cartilage using a 3D confocal imaging technique.
J Orpthop Surg 2008; 3: 29.
SHEEP CARTILAGE DEFECT MODEL
Condyle
Contrast Agent:
Acriflavine 0.05%
Defect area
Normal
condyle
Defect area
post ACI
Normal
condyle
Wu JP, Kirk TB, Zheng MH. Study
of the collagen structure in the
superficial zone and
physiological state of articular
cartilage using a 3D confocal
imaging technique.
J Orpthop Surg 2008; 3: 29.
fov=500µm fov=500µm
IN VIVO RECTAL MUCOSAL BARRIER FUNCTION
Gracie Vargas, Kathleen Listiak Vincent, Yong Zhu, David Szafron, Tyra Caitlin Brown, Paula Patricia Villarreal, Nigel Bourne, Gregg N. Milligan, Massoud Motamedi. In Vivo Rectal
Mucosal Barrier Function Imaging in a Large-Animal Model by Using Confocal Endomicroscopy: Implications for Injury Assessment and Use in HIV Prevention Studies. ASM 2016; 60
45
ADVANTAGES OF FIVE2
OVER BUNDLE FIBER TECHNOLOGY
Scanning mechanism offers far better
resolution compared to Bundle fibre
technology!
0.5µ
5µ
PSF dimension – FIVE2
Specimen
Lens
Galvanometer Y
scanner
Galvanometer X
scanner
Laser beam
BUNDLE IMAGING PLANE TRANSFER ALLOWS
SMALL ANIMAL FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPY
Mouse Colon, Accessed Endoscopically,
Probe Diameter = 1mm, Signal Level = 0.08
Mouse Colon, Surgically Exposed,
Probe Diameter = 6.3mm, Signal Level = 1.0
BUNDLE IMAGING PLANE TRANSFER ALLOWS
SMALL ANIMAL FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPY
No cellular details! Subcellular resolution!
Bundle Fiber
“HD” Image
VIEWNVIVO FULL
SCREEN TRUE HD
LIMITATIONS OF FLUORESCENCE IN VIVO
ENDOMICROSCOPY
TROUBLE SHOOTING,
CLEANING AND SAFETY
SUMMARY
En face
imaging with
operator
controlled
imaging
depth
Bundle Fiber
No cellular details!
FIVE2
Subcellular resolution!
APPLICATIONS OF FLUORESCENCE IN VIVO ENDOMICROSCOPY
Cancer Vasculature Gastrointestinal Skeletal Skin
If you have any questions related to FIVE2
technology, please reach out to our product
manager.
Mohammedayaz Rangrez
MSc, PhD
Product Manager
Scintica Instrumentation
Phone: +1 (519) 914 5495
mrangrez@scintica.com
THANK YOU!

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Preclinical imaging with fluorescence in vivo endomicroscopy

  • 1. Mohammedayaz Rangrez MSc, PhD Product Manager Scintica Instrumentation Phone: +1 (519) 914 5495 mrangrez@scintica.com PRECLINICAL IMAGING WITH FLUORESCENCE IN VIVO ENDOMICROSCOPY
  • 2. A PhD degree with Animal surgeries and microscopy 4 years of teaching experience 16 YouTube e-Learning shows 4+ years of experience with microscopy
  • 4. Compound Microscope Fluorescence Microscope Confocal Microscope
  • 5. CONTENT Background Introduction to the Technology Practical Parts of the instrument and their function Software operation Imaging X Y imaging Optical sectioning Applications Safety and trouble shooting Summary
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Benchtop Microscopy: high resolution, trouble with in vivo imaging, possibilities of artifacts!
  • 11. Intravital/Multiphoton Microscopy: high resolution, low flexibility, complicated protocols!
  • 12. PET/MRI: in vivo imaging, but no cellular details!
  • 13. INVASIVE - - - - MINIMALLY INVASIVE - - - NON INVASIVE nm---µm----RESOLUTION----mm---- In vivo Ex vivo MRI CLSM
  • 14. INVASIVE - - - - MINIMALLY INVASIVE - - - NON INVASIVE nm---µm----RESOLUTION----mm---- In vivo Ex vivo MRI CLSM
  • 15. RAT BRAIN GLIOBLASTOMA • Invasive! Fluorescence/Confocal Microscope? • Insufficient Resolution! MRI PET? • FIVE - ViewnVivo Laser Confocal Endomicroscopy!
  • 16. LCE – FIVE2 is a simple user-friendly tool!
  • 17. Laser Objective lens Tissue Detector Optical fiber Imaging plane Scan mechanism Ex = 488nm Em > 515 nm FIBER OPTIC CONFOCAL SYSTEM Transformation and Miniaturization
  • 18. • Standard Diameter: 3.8mm • (1) Short Probe: 46mm Rigid Length • (2) Standard Probe: 66mm Rigid Length • (3) Laparoscopic Probe: 300mm Rigid Length 1 2 3 4mm diameter probe placed in gentle contact with tissue being imaged. MINIATURISED SCANNER CONFIGURATION Contact site is counted as Z = 0
  • 19. 19 • The confocal endomicroscope is an “optical sectioning” device (Out of focus material turns black, instead of blurry) • It isolates A thin plane of cells, viewed en face (en face = parallel to tissue surface, unlike typical cut sections) • One of the most important user operations is the control of the imaging plane depth • Imaging depth up to 400um • Tissue dependent THE ‘Z’ DIMENSION Capturing 3D Volumes and Enabling 3D Visualization X Axis Y Axis Z Axis
  • 20. 20 EN FACE IMAGING VS. T.S. HISTOLOGY
  • 22. Image does not show included 3-way footswitch, or optional items Confocal Processor PC, Monitor, Keyboard and Mouse Probe Animal Stage and Probe Holder Imager Application + Fiji (ImageJ) FIVE2 Components
  • 23. Foot pedal facilitates ease of operation
  • 25. Wavelength (nm) 300 400 600 700500 #Fluorophores(logscale) 800 600 400 200 0.0 ImagingDepth(μm) 1000 100 10 1 0.0 488 WHY BLUE (488NM) EXCITATION? Optimal Performance and Flexibility
  • 27. VIEWNVIVO DETECTION FILTERS Filte r Wh e e l Con ce pt Illu stration *EMPTY Filter Positions Can Be Used For ‘Custom Filters’ Which May Be Specified And Purchased, At An Additional Cost, At The Time Of Purchasing The Viewnvivo System Filter colours and location on the filter wheel are used for illustration purposes only and do not represent the actual filter colour or the detection properties
  • 29.
  • 32. 1. General Non-specific Or Semi-specific Fluorophores • Mainly intercellular compartment 2. Acridines • Nuclear/Acidic Organelle Stains • Acriflavine, Proflavine, Acridine Orange… 3. Cycline Antibiotics • Tetracycline, Doxycycline, more.. 4. Membrane Dyes • Good for nerve tracing • Dii, DiO, 4-Di-2-Asp TYPES OF CONTRAST AGENTS 5. Specific Dyes • Conjugated Peptides • Conjugated Antibodies 6. Functional Dyes • Calcium Markers (G-CAMP, Fluo-3, Fluo-4) • Metabolic Markers • pH Markers • Live/Dead Markers 7. Transgenic Fluorophores • Produced by the living cells when a certain gene is expressed • GFP, Egfp, YFP can be imaged
  • 33. Fluorescein Sodium (10ml of 10%): Intravenously InjectedTopically Applied Acriflavine 0.05% Images courtesy Prof Adrian Polglase, Cabrini Monash University Academic Surgical Unit, Melbourne Australia CONTRAST AGENT COMPARISON (COLONIC MUCOSA)
  • 34. APPLICATIONS OF FLUORESCENCE IN VIVO ENDOMICROSCOPY Cancer Vasculature Gastrointestinal Skeletal Skin
  • 36. Courtesy of Dr Philip Currie Cancer Fibrous Tissue Normal Tissue FIVE2 Images: Instant, easy, live and in vivo! Classical Histology: Tedious prep, slow, possible artifacts and ex vivo!
  • 37. Images courtesy of: Martin Goetz and Ralf Kiesslich, Mainz University Hospital, Germany MOUSE BRAIN MICROVASCULAR IMAGING & CELL TRACKING
  • 38. DOG STOMACH Image courtesy of Researchers at the University of Melbourne, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
  • 39. Mitotic cell nucleus Ejecting epithelial cell Brush border & mucus layer Images courtesy of Cameron Nowell and researchers at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
  • 40.
  • 41. TUMOUR ANGIOGENESIS IN VIVO Images courtesy of: Dr Liem Vo & Peter Anikijenko, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Normal Murine Dermal Microvasculature Melanoma-Affected Dermal Microvasculature
  • 42. TISSUE ENGINEERING - CARTILAGE Chondrocytes Contrast Agent: Fluorescein Sodium 0.5% in PBS; pH 7.4 fov=500µm fov=~100µm Images courtesy of Curtain University, Perth Western Australia Wu JP, Kirk TB, Zheng MH. Study of the collagen structure in the superficial zone and physiological state of articular cartilage using a 3D confocal imaging technique. J Orpthop Surg 2008; 3: 29.
  • 43. SHEEP CARTILAGE DEFECT MODEL Condyle Contrast Agent: Acriflavine 0.05% Defect area Normal condyle Defect area post ACI Normal condyle Wu JP, Kirk TB, Zheng MH. Study of the collagen structure in the superficial zone and physiological state of articular cartilage using a 3D confocal imaging technique. J Orpthop Surg 2008; 3: 29. fov=500µm fov=500µm
  • 44. IN VIVO RECTAL MUCOSAL BARRIER FUNCTION Gracie Vargas, Kathleen Listiak Vincent, Yong Zhu, David Szafron, Tyra Caitlin Brown, Paula Patricia Villarreal, Nigel Bourne, Gregg N. Milligan, Massoud Motamedi. In Vivo Rectal Mucosal Barrier Function Imaging in a Large-Animal Model by Using Confocal Endomicroscopy: Implications for Injury Assessment and Use in HIV Prevention Studies. ASM 2016; 60
  • 45. 45 ADVANTAGES OF FIVE2 OVER BUNDLE FIBER TECHNOLOGY
  • 46. Scanning mechanism offers far better resolution compared to Bundle fibre technology! 0.5µ 5µ PSF dimension – FIVE2 Specimen Lens Galvanometer Y scanner Galvanometer X scanner Laser beam
  • 47. BUNDLE IMAGING PLANE TRANSFER ALLOWS SMALL ANIMAL FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPY Mouse Colon, Accessed Endoscopically, Probe Diameter = 1mm, Signal Level = 0.08 Mouse Colon, Surgically Exposed, Probe Diameter = 6.3mm, Signal Level = 1.0
  • 48. BUNDLE IMAGING PLANE TRANSFER ALLOWS SMALL ANIMAL FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPY No cellular details! Subcellular resolution!
  • 50. LIMITATIONS OF FLUORESCENCE IN VIVO ENDOMICROSCOPY
  • 51.
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 57. Bundle Fiber No cellular details! FIVE2 Subcellular resolution! APPLICATIONS OF FLUORESCENCE IN VIVO ENDOMICROSCOPY Cancer Vasculature Gastrointestinal Skeletal Skin
  • 58. If you have any questions related to FIVE2 technology, please reach out to our product manager. Mohammedayaz Rangrez MSc, PhD Product Manager Scintica Instrumentation Phone: +1 (519) 914 5495 mrangrez@scintica.com THANK YOU!