Compare And Contrast Two Ideological Perspectives

Compare And Contrast Two Ideological Perspectives
In this assignment two ideological perspectives will be discussed, an ideology is a collection of
ideas about the world, they have a relationship with political parties, political movements or state
regime. Firstly neo liberalism will be discussed and secondly social democracy, I will then discuss
the relationship of both ideological perspectives in relation to health. This assignment will conclude
by choosing which ideological perspective is best suited to addressing health care within society.
Neo liberalism
Neo liberalism is the reworking of the old idea of liberalism, neo meaning new and liberalism
meaning free from government intervention. liberalisms core ideas were; freedom, individualism
and natural rights. Adam Smith the economist was one of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
(http://www3.ul.ie) like liberalism before, neo liberalism proposes free markets, this encourages
privatisation and deregulation of international trade and commerce. Neo–liberalism believes in the
freedom of the individual and that they are responsible for their own welfare, George & Wilding
(1865) explain that society should be politicised through a set of maxims, the key being that the
individual would be better at performing and undertakings that the state would have previously
performed, as a result placing responsibility on the individual for their own welfare.
(http://www3.ul.ie/). Neo liberalists believe that state owned companies are not efficient, they push
for the market to be moved from a public sector to a more private one where all individuals will
benefit and the economy will develop economically. (Lundqvist, 2001, pp.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Liberalism And Conservatism In The United States
Singletary 1
Andrew Singletary
Mrs. Lekovich
US Government A
11 September 2015
Liberalism and Conservatism
Nearly all Americans identify themselves with ideologies that don't discount another existing
ideology. Most people are Liberals or Conservatives because they have their own attitude regarding
our society. Liberalism and conservatism handle their issues with entirely different philosophies.
Liberals and Conservatives beliefs cover a wide range of issues that are influenced or established by
the kind of principles they embrace. The two most common ideologies in American politics are
Liberalism and Conservatism. Liberalism believes that they are people in the world that needs help.
Liberalism also believes that government ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This belief have influence human rights practices by allowing persist use of excessive force by
police on minorities. Conservatism beliefs
Singletary 6
have influenced human rights practices by making violators of the law to pay the penalties for not
obeying it. Conservatism beliefs have influenced human rights practices by having religious
institutions constrained or heavily regulated. Conservatism beliefs have influenced human rights
practices by supporting certain religious or spiritual groups over the other.
In conclusion, Liberalism and Conservatism both have the same goals for prosperity, but have
complete different ways of accomplishing them. The differences between liberalism and
conservatism are vast, but they center on the basic beliefs within each ideology. Both liberalism and
conservatism beliefs support the status quo. Both liberalism and conservatism beliefs are deep–
seated in America's principles of fairness, equity, and equality. The ideology of Liberalism and
Conservatism has kept this nation

Pros And Cons Of The Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution The different political systems each have benefits and downfalls. Communism
is where the government controls everything from what car to buy to what color paint to use in your
house. This system had little to no benefits since the government has complete control. Another
system, socialism, is where government has little control but not complete. A benefit is that things
are more equal, but people do not have as much freedom, and still has to follow the government.
The last system which has many benefits is capitalism. Capitalism allows people to have ownership
of things with no government interference. The three political systems, communism, socialism, and
capitalism, are vastly different, in terms of ownership, but capitalism is the best option because it
lets people have private ownership, free competition, and improves standard of living.
Capitalism allows people to have private ownership of land, factories and businesses. This lets
people own things freely, instead of having the government being involved like the other political
systems do. Having ownership without government control is helpful because you have complete
ownership of your land, and you do not have anyone telling you what to do. The owners have say in
what they produce, how much they produce of that product and how much it would cost. The
government in socialism balances out businesses income, so if you are making a lot of money, the
government will take it away and give it to the

Is Liberalism Still Relevant Today
In its simplest design, liberalism is a political ideology that believes in the protection and
enhancement of individual liberty. In the international system, liberalists argue that humans by
nature are inherently good and cooperative, humanity can be rationale and non–state actors are
considered highly important factors. Liberalism suggests that there a fundamental human rights that
may in turn help promote cooperation and cohesion between states. By establishing these 'rights',
liberal democracy has provided citizens to a life of quality, autonomy and dignity. With
organizations such as the United Nations, the establishment of Collective Security has forged allied
defence between states. Arguably liberalists have diminished state sovereignty ... Show more
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Within this manifesto of 'peace', Kant outlined three principals that have today, become one of the
foundations in liberal ideas. Along with Kant, another leading liberal who emerged from the
European Enlightenment was Jeremy Bentham, who argued that between the activities of nations
there is nowhere any real conflict. Furthermore, during the nineteenth century, John Stuart Mill,
argued that 'government was a necessary evil'. In his Book, On Liberty (1849), Mill defines liberty
being capital in ensuring successive advance, both of society and the individual. Lastly, the works of
Michael Doyle is his theory on democratic peace. The basic hypothesis of this theory is that, as
states become more democratic, they become more peacefully inclined (J. Pettiford 2010: 32).
Recognizable to Kant's position on peace and the foundation of equitable international system, is
Francis Fukuyama's The End of History and the Last man. In the book, Fukuyama argues, that at the
end of the twentieth century, the combination of liberal democracy and capitalism has proved to be
superior to any alternative political/economic system, and the reason lies in its ability to satisfy the
basic drives of human nature (M. Griffiths 1999: 83). Prior to the creation of the League of Nations,
President Woodrow Wilson (1918) introduced 14 Points, introducing a new

Modern American Liberalism Research Paper
According to Roskin's text, ideology is a "belief system that society can be improved by following
certain doctrines". In politics, ideology cements together movements, parties, and revolutionary
groups. It's a way of explaining reality, of searching for certainty or what some would call truth – it
allows us to draw conclusions upon which we can take action. While particular ideologies may rise
or fall, ideological forms of politics seem to be an enduring feature of world history. The textbook
contends that in line with Adam Smith's thinking, "classic liberalism expelled government from the
marketplace; modern liberalism brought it back in, this time to protect people from sometimes
unfair economic system." I will begin by stating that from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
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It could be claimed that it is not just an ideology but is the ideology for all mankind, a fundamental
truth that is not culturally specific to the West but is of global value. Modern American liberals
value institutions that defend against economic inequality. Modern American liberalism is typically
associated with the Democratic party, as modern American conservatism is typically associated with
the Republican party. Liberals typically accept scientific ideas that some conservatives reject, such
as evolution and global warming. While both types of liberals will be strong on ending the police
state and ensuring due process, the biggest differences arise in economic matters. Classic liberals
favor low or no tariffs, reduced regulatory burdens, even taxation with a low tax burden, and thus
reduced government expenditures and small government overall. Modern liberals favor a highly
progressive tax system, high taxes to break up large aggregations of wealth at the upper strata, many
regulations on businesses, high minimum wage laws, and barriers to free international trade.
"Modern liberalism is not completely collectivist; nor is it completely individualistic. It has
elements of both doctrines. The same is true of conservatism. Neither view provides a coherent
approach to politics, built up from first principles. Whereas conservatism and liberalism are both
outgrowths of classical liberal thought, they differ in what they accept and reject of their intellectual
roots"(Goodman). Conservatism tends to accept the classical liberal commitment to economic
liberty but rejects many of its applications to the noneconomic realm. Liberalism accepts the
classical liberal commitment to civil liberties but largely rejects the idea of economic

America Should Be A Capitalist Nation
During the nineteenth century there was a constant debate on if the government should regulate the
businesses and people of America. This debate included many different sides other than the
capitalists versus the socialists, throughout America people were placed on a spectrum from
socialists to capitalists with millions of different variations and beliefs in between the extremists.
Some viewpoints included men like William Graham Sumner or Herbert Spencer that believed in
laissez–faire capitalism but differed in exact beliefs of how America should be ran from other
capitalists such as Andrew Carnegie and then there were viewpoints from men such as Henry
Demarest Lloyd who strongly opposed capitalism. Each perspective had positives and ... Show more
They also shared the belief that people had an individual duty to better themselves and those people
that did not progress in society did not deserve help or guidance from those that were able to do so
on their own. Sumner describes a person that is unable to progress individually as, "a man who is
present as a consumer, yet who does not contribute either by land, labor, or capital to the work of
society" and he believed that, "on no sound political theory ought such a person to share in the
political power of the state. (518)" Spencer shared in this view, he stated that individuals that were
wealthy and in control of business were more 'perfect' than those that were poor and had not tried to
progress to their highest potential. He thought that the wealthy should not help the poor and that
through this process a social Darwinism would occur weeding out the weak. Although some
capitalists agreed with these men's thoughts, not all did, including Andrew Carnegie. Another
argument in favor of a capitalist America was that of Carnegie. He agreed with capitalists like
Sumner and Spencer that laissez–faire capitalism was the right choice for American society, but he
differed in their opinion about how America should react to the poor. Like Sumner and Spencer,
Carnegie thought that the owners of companies should have complete control of their companies and
should not be regulated by the government. Unlike Sumner and Spencer, Carnegie

Can We Have Self Regulating Markets?
Department of Political Economy
Candidate Number: V26832
Essay Title: Can we have self–regulating markets?
Word Count: 2747
Date of Submission: 06/ 12/ 14
There exists an enduring scholarly disagreement as to whether the assumptions of a free market
hold, imperative to this is the question of whether laissez–faire is self regulating. The neo– liberal
school of thought, with advocates such as Hayek, take diametrically opposing viewpoints to
academics such as Polanyi. The former wish to run the economy as a separate entity from society,
the latter proposes the embedding of the economy within societal relations. This essay will focus on
the opposing views of Hayek and Polanyi. Firstly, society's role in the ... Show more content on
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To begin with, the maintenance of society and liberty's compatibility with self–regulation will be
examined. Polanyi claims that one "does not act to safeguard his individual interest in the possession
of material goods; he acts to safeguard his social standing, his social claims, his social assets....
human passions, good or bad, are merely directed towards noneconomic ends (Polanyi, 1944: 46–
47)". It is deducible that the existence of a society where the free market regulates the economic
system, though inherent to self–regulation, fundamentally goes against what the system is ultimately
trying to achieve, namely satisfaction of its participants. The all–encompassing demands of the free
market fail to take other social desires into account. Society is disfranchised by the self–regulating
notion of the economy that values resources and decides who is most deserving. Burgoon's findings
evidence that "investment and immigration...may spur both net autarky and net nationalist autarchy
when welfare protection is weak, but are actually forces reducing both measures of backlash in
generous welfare settings (Burgoon, 2009: 171)". Free–market capitalism leads to the destruction of
countries self–sufficiency as influx of labour and investment reduces domestic employment. If
countries do not provide substantial welfare provisions to offset this, then it

How Neoliberalism Has Changed The World
This essay aims to identify how neoliberalism has changed the way we do business in particular
managerial strategies to maintain competiveness and adapt to changing market conditions. Firstly, I
will briefly explain the term neoliberalism and how it has affected the world. Secondly, I will
explain how neoliberalism has influenced managers and their strategic reforms. Thirdly, I will
further explain the importance of strategizing and planning in regards to managers in today's market.
Finally, the conclusion will summarise the preceding points of the essay aimed to argue that
neoliberalism has changed the world including the way managers strategize and think in today's
economy.
The term Neoliberalism was introduced around the 1990's which was perceived to be the future for a
free market economy. Essentially it originated from the idea that an economy would work more
efficiently in the hands of the private sector. At the time there were many anti neoliberalism and
anti–globalisation activists protesting governments against free markets fearing foreign threat in
regards to the country's factor endowments (Davies 2014, p. 309).
The concept behind Neoliberalism is that the global market and its resources are shared equally, in
other words becoming a free market economy where government does not intervene, creating more
innovation consequently affecting trade and globalisation (Styhre 2014, p. 270). The reality of the
story today is far from what is was set out to be,

Human Rights And The International System
Understanding Human Rights in the International System Through a Liberal Perspective
Human rights as a topic of study may have a simple, incontestable sound to it, but this is far from
the case. Yes, most people will recognize that human beings deserve certain rights, but past that
point all opinions begin to split and scatter. As it stands, human rights are an ever changing and
complex category of issues. In order to try and make sense of these complex topics, scholars employ
a range of theories. Theories act like a lens, helping to organize the analytical process and point
people in the appropriate direction. Without the foundation that theory lays out, the thought process,
as well as arguments, can quickly become a mess of smaller thoughts, often with contradicting
outcomes. In this paper, I will utilize Liberalism to try and understand the nature of human rights as
a political issue within the international system.
Human rights and the discussion thereof are complex and dynamic. Human history is filled with the
sluggish progression of human rights. The rapid process of ever increasing globalization has helped
to speed up the fight for human rights over the last century. However, many obstacles still exist, the
most notable being the debate over Universalism and Cultural Relativism. Put simply, Universalism
asserts that all rights should be universal (everyone deserves the same rights regardless of sex, race,
religion, geographic location, age, etc.). On the

Absolutism And Conservatism
Conservatism is the political doctrine that justified the restoration of monarchies and the previous
ways of government and thinking before the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and Napoleon
Bonaparte's rule (The Making of the West, 645). Traditions, institutions, and privileges are key in
conservatism. Conservatism appealed mostly to the aristocrats. Liberalism, socialism, and
nationalism do not work well with conservatism because they want change and reform, while
conservatism does not. On the contrary conservatism goes well with romanticism. Edmund Burke
and Klemens Von Metternich were important conservatism writers. Metternich wrote Political
Confession of Faith (Sourcebook, 336). In this document, he says the French Revolution was evil
because it changed how the government ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Liberalism is usually associated with liberty, laissez fair, reform, and progress. Liberalism was all
about change and making life better which is why it worked well with nationalism and why it did
not work well with conservatism, romanticism, and socialism. The bourgeoisie liked liberalism the
most. Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill wrote documents that pertain to liberalism. Adam Smith's
The Wealth of Nations, critiques mercantilism and discusses different economic policies. Adam
Smith, also known as the father of economics, believed that the government should not be involved
with the economic system. He believed prices would rise and fall with the natural order of life.
(Sourcebook, 265–69). John Stuart Mill, an English philosopher, wrote On Liberty. He believed that
everyone has liberty and the government should not interfere unless they are causing harm to
another human. Mill says that people should liberty of consciousness, thought, feeling, and absolute
freedom on opinions and scientific, moral or theological thoughts (Sourcebook,

Political Feminism And Marx 's Theory Versus Liberalism
What role does liberalism play in socio–legal theory? How do the theories you've chosen address
law's liberalism?
Natural law, Legal Feminism and Marx's theory versus Liberalism.
What role does liberalism play in socio–legal theory?
Liberalism is a theory where the rule of law is based on principles of equality and freedom. The first
principles for this theory came from the classical liberalism while the latter principles known are
more obvious in social liberalism. The first liberals embraced a wide range of practices depending
on their point of views of these philosophies, but in general, they supported ideas and behaviors
such as freedom of speech, of the press, of religion, civil rights, secular governments and democratic
societies. Of course this is very easy to understand and explain nowadays, after so many authors
have struggled to defined what liberalism really is and seeks. Using theories of Natural law, Legal
Feminism and Marx's theory versus Liberalism, this paper will analyze the implication of rights for
each theory and how they can be used in a negative and/or positive way within the socio–legal
framework.
Indeed, for many years, philosophers have sought to encounter a definition to liberalism, though
their attempts have revolved around abstract and philosophical arguments to come to a 'neutral'
definition, which accordingly to Suda (2000, p. 140) can be:
"Liberalism is above all a system of thought which puts at the center of its preoccupations

`` The Highest Bidder `` : How Foreign Investors Are...
In Vancouver, British Columbia the housing market has been termed as an–affordability crisis, in
which Vancouver's middle–upper class are painted as the main victims of an accelerating housing
market. Speculation as to what or who is heating up the housing market is controversial, some
explanations point to varying demographics, limited geographic space, and low interest rates but
overall there seems to be an emphasis toward foreign investors, specifically buyers from mainland
China. Kerry Gold's piece, The Highest bidder: How Foreign Investors are Squeezing out
Vancouver's Middle Class, in The Walrus parallels alongside this view. Gold may not be wrong in
her assertion, much effort, money, and research has been pooled into investigating ... Show more
Capitalism, is inherently structured by the West to privilege the West, and the outcry in Vancouver is
just an example of the West's overall assumption that structure and security will forever be provided
under the auspicious of neoliberal economy. But the reason Vancouver is in this housing mess is
because of neoliberalism. Neoliberal economics are not supported by economic theory or historical
experience; it is a luck of the dice type toss up situation (Brock et al, 2012, p. 110). Gold's failure to
include free–market capitalism into her address of Vancouver's housing chaos, has arguably
contributed to propagating and racially polarizing Chinese individuals as the sole face of the housing
tragedy. Analyses of Gold's piece under a Marxist lens will be provided in order to expose a micro
example of the global North's overall neocolonial undertone. Gold's sympathy and support for the
middle–upper class outcry pursuing government to enact policy to oust Chinese investors from the
housing market, will be compared to global institutions such as the IMF, World Bank, and free–
trade agreements, in order to unearth a larger symptom of the Global North's poor sportsmanship,
and neocolonialist practices. Furthering the argument that when neoliberalism disregards the West's
interests, and serves to privilege someone else's, the West cannot take the heat. And intern responds
by

Yingshi Qiao. Professor Don Stanley. Engl 1101, Assignment
Yingshi Qiao
Professor Don Stanley
ENGL 1101, Assignment 4
March 10, 2017
Addiction Caused by a Wounded Soul
Modern society has failed bring the burgeoning problems of addiction under control. The word
"addiction" was applied to drug use in the 20th century, but now it refers to a wider variety of non–
drug hobbies, such as eating, gambling and sex. To treat the devastating flood of addiction problems,
it is important to understand that addiction is not just a physical problem but more of a social and
psychological problem. Dislocation caused by the free market society and the pressure from family
can lead to addiction.
To begin with, people who refuse to contribute to the free market society will become dislocated
from the society and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alexander and Shaler state that "at the beginning of the 21st century, for rich and poor people alike,
jobs disappear on short notice, communities are weak and unstable, people routinely change lovers,
families, occupations, coworkers, technical skills, languages, nationalities, therapists, spiritual
beliefs, and ideologies as they navigate the shopping malls, real estate markets and employment
agencies." (4) A free market society is supposed to maximize people's wellbeing, happiness and
wealth, but the truth is people are forced to compete against each other and lose their sense of
belonging, meaning and identity, eventually turning into slaves in a money–oriented society.
Whether rich or poor, people become disconnected from their cultural identity and fail to fail to
establish their intimate relationships with friends, communities an co–workers. According to
Alexander and Shaler, this is when people "cannot achieve a reasonable degree of psychosocial
integration" (5) and become dislocated from the society. Dislocation cannot simply be eliminated by
food, shelter or the attainment of wealth. The poverty of spirit leads people to search for a substitute
lifestyle to fill the emptiness of fast–moving life. As a result, people turn to substitute lifestyles that
can be dangerous and addictive. Bruce and Shaler argue that today's free market ignore all
previously understood limits and have gone too far to the extreme.

The Debate Over The Legalization of Marijuana Essay examples
In economics, a mixed market economy is one in which the actions of private businesses are
affected by public actions and decisions. In the United States, there are governmental actions that
decided just how much intervention will be used on a business. This is a redundant topic, as the two
political parties, Republican and Democrat, debate the issue frequently. The idea of "laissez–faire" is
a free market economy where businesses have the right to do whatever they want. Republicans tend
to lean towards this ideal, while Democrats call for more governmental intervention on businesses.
When deciding just how much control will be used, one must look at all the benefits and costs. Not
only must economic benefits be asserted, but moral ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As far as the legalization of marijuana goes, there are three options that the government can choose.
The three options all have their own advantages and disadvantages that are compared and weighed.
The first option is the current one of complete criminalization of marijuana. This option provides
safety for the public, while limiting the freedoms of business. The second option that the
government has is the legalization of marijuana with the imposition of a tax. This idea provides a bit
of safety, because it can regulate the demand through price and makes the government tax revenue,
but many people feel that it is wrong for the government to be profiting from the trade of a drug.
The last option is the one of a complete free market. This ideal allows freedom of businesses, but is
generally unsafe and promotes the use of drugs. The costs and benefits must be weighed out in order
to see which option provides the best situation for the country. In the option of having the complete
criminalization of marijuana, the right to freedom is completely violated. One does not have the
right to do as he pleases, because he would be breaking the law. In addition, the cost of police force
is expensive. Tax payers are forced to pay higher taxes for police force to monitor, prosecute and
incarcerate those convicted. Because so much time of the police is going into monitoring marijuana,
more serious crimes are often missed such as murder and

Progressive Reform
The rise of modern American liberalism throughout the history
Having been born in Europe in the epoch of Renaissance and Reformation, the liberalism has
become an inevitable part of the United States. When someone and somewhere talks about the
liberal movement, everybody will mention the American liberalism, which has undergone several
stages of its development and transformed into modern liberalism. This liberalism allows the United
States to be one of the most powerful states in the world.
Since its origin, the United States did not know different political philosophy but liberalism in its
democratic–constitutional form. The liberal doctrine in the United States was influenced by some
factors – the impact of the American Revolution ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It claims on different freedoms of people despite their gender, race, and age. Also, one of the
principles of American liberalism is the separation of state and church. The main aim of liberalism is
to promote the general welfare of the American citizens. However, sometimes the liberalism was too
controversial. For example, the involvement of the United States to the wars violated the rights of
people. Speaking about the WWI, George William Norris wrote that war brings no prosperity to the
great mass of common and patriotic citizens. It increases the cost of living of those who toil and
those who already must strain every effort to keep soul and body together. War brings prosperity to
the stock gambler on Wall Street – to those who are already in possession of more wealth than can
be realized or enjoyed (149).
Such eager of American people to live in a free society is well understandable and can be explained
by several factors as well. The ultimate goal of the American social ideal is equality of opportunity
and individual initiative. These are not born of bureaucracy. This ideal is the expression of the spirit
of our people. This ideal obtained at the birth of Republic. It was the ideal of Lincoln; it is the ideal
upon which the nation has risen to unparalleled greatness (205). To another word, it is a heritage of
all generations, which made their

Socialism And Social Problems In Upton Sinclair's The Jungle
Truly understanding the conditions of an immigrant's life during the Gilded Age is a feat of
remarkable magnitude for us who live such amazing lives today, but Upton Sinclair's The Jungle
achieves this astonishing task by describing the tortuous lives of Jurgis and his family as they toil to
simply survive the insurmountable debts and problems society has placed upon them. Sinclair
enthralls the reader with this story of small joys that are quickly overshadowed by depression, death,
and anger. He effectively builds relationships between this small Lithuanian family which seems to
be desperately fending off the whole world and the reader who just wants the best for them. The
Jungle also details the conflicting opinions between the wealthy and the poor and the growing
movement of socialism in America. While I do not agree with his idea of using socialism as a
solution for the problems many immigrants have faced, Upton Sinclair has crafted a thrilling tale
that successfully expresses the lives of immigrants during the Gilded Age and the amount of dangers
they constantly faced. The Jungle begins with Jurgis Rudkus, our main character who is a recent
Lithuanian immigrant, getting married in Chicago. After his marriage, Jurgis and several of his
relatives find work in Packingtown, a section of Chicago where meat industry is king. His family
rents a shoddy house forcing more of them to find work in Packingtown. After he joins a union, he
begins to see the political corruption that

Political Philosophy Of Liberalism
Liberalism is a political viewpoint that is established on the thoughts of liberty and equality. Thus,
liberalists promote various ideas that are aligned to the concepts of liberty and equality such as
freedom of speech, freedom of religion, gender equality, and civil rights. In general, it can be argued
that the philosophy of liberalism is focused on protecting and promoting the freedom of the people
(Celikates and Jansen). As such, it presents the people as the central issue of politics. In fact,
according to the liberalists, the main function of the government is to protect individuals from being
oppressed by others. Nonetheless, liberalists are also aware that in the process of offering this
protection, the government is also likely to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Women are perceived to be weaker than men owing to the independence of men ad ability to control
resources. Tim look sees liberalism as an impediment to social communism owing to the fact that it
fosters individualism and independence of a person. It challenges the ability of an individual to
make informed choices and reveals the benefits of fostering communism to realize socio–economic
and political excellence.
3. What is neoliberalism (you get a sense of neoliberalism in David Harvey, Elizabeth Povinelli,
Michel Foucault, and Wendy Brown's work)? What critiques of neoliberalism do Harvey, Povinelli,
and Brown offer? Neoliberalism refers to a perspective that sees mall time as working time. It
encourages people to participate in socio–economic activities at all the time in a bid to realizing the
desired development. It plays an essential role in empowering the people to remain committed to
realizing success in life by engaging them to work at all the times (Harvey 44). It does not
acknowledge the significance of leisure in the socio–economic development of an individual. Critics
of neoliberalism are against the fact that a person solely focuses on realizing success at the expense
of their wellbeing. It is of the essence for a person to allocate adequate time for rest and leisure to
realize the desired socio–economic success (Harvey 47). Although the critics of neoliberalism are
not against working, they are against the non–stop working of the

Liberalism, Civic Reformism and Democracy Essay
Liberalism, Civic Reformism and Democracy
This paper argues that liberalism provides democracy with the experience of civic reformism.
Without it, democracy loses any tie–argumentative or practical–to a coherent design of public policy
endeavoring to provide the resources for the realization of democratic citizenship. The case for
liberalism rests on an argumentative reconstruction of the function it performs before the rise of a
world economic order and, more specifically, in the creation of the welfare state after the Second
World War. Accordingly, liberalism defines a reformist political program: it is an emancipatory
political project by virtue of its struggle for an egalitarian and universalist extension of citizenship
rights. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For its later history, liberalism owes as much to its antecedents (situated at the rise of parliamentary
assemblies and of the rule of law in the Middle Ages), as to its linkages with the republican tradition
of communal self–government (from the seventeenth century onwards), and with the socialist
tradition in support for an egalitarian model of society (as from the eighteenth century). Indeed, it is
this double tie what determines that the political history of liberalism belongs to the history of
modern democracy: a representative democracy but, thereby, pluralist. The tie also explains that the
economic history of liberalism cannot be separated from the birth of the welfare state.
In both respects liberalism defines a reformist political program: it is an emancipatory political
project by virtue of its struggle for an egalitarian and universalist extension of citizenship rights.
This is but a formulation of the modern idea of citizenship, conceived of as a universalizable
contract of rights. At the same time, liberalism embraces a socio–economic emancipatory project
that endeavors to provide the conditions, within the institutional frame of modern societies, for the
accomplishment of citizenship rights. Let us comment on this double characterization.
Liberal Citizenship: A Universalizable Contract of Rights
Firstly, if citizenship denotes the membership statute of individuals and social groups belonging to a
political community (namely, a

The Theory Of Liberal Ideology
Political Science Midterm I will be speaking on important political terms, explain the development
of liberal ideology in the United States of America, and touch on a few other areas of political
culture. First off liberalism; liberalism is a way of political worldview by the ideas of liberty and
equality. Although in a certain time in our history equality was somewhat of a lie. Slavery, racism,
and feminism prove that not every single person on the planet had equal rights. In the 1650's to
1780's western Europe had people that were thinking of ways to enlighten the people and bring
change to the world they all live in, called the Age of Enlightenment. Mostly philosophers
emphasized reason, analysis, and individualism. People like ... Show more content on
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There are liberal liberals, conservative liberals, and radical liberals. Which mostly all follow the
basic structure of liberalism. For example liberal liberals believe that for social safety people need
help to feed their families and take care of themselves because not everyone can make it in this
world and put food in peoples mouths, afford medical insurance, civilized people try to help each
other, not leave them starving and without care. On the conservative side, there views are that
people should be responsible for themselves, if they are given the chance they are completely
capable of supporting themselves and their families. They also believe that if government always
picks up and pampers the poor or needy, they will be weak and lose their motivation to work. For
money, taxes, and the part that the government plays; the conservatives believe that government
should serve the people. Not the other way around. The liberals say that the proper function of a
government is to solve issues, decrease poverty, protect civil rights and liberties. And to make sure
that all Americans have a fair chance to succeed.
The dimensions of the ideology of liberalism are political and economic liberalism. Political
liberalism underlines the social contract. Where citizens can make laws and agree to follow those
laws. Most people believe that individuals know what is best for them. Also it allows people to
represent themselves without the need to worry

Analysis : ' The Sociopolitical Theory Of Neoliberalism '...
Valerie Mangulabnan
Prof Marcellini AH 362
6 December 2016
Claire Fontaine is Neoliberalism Society is entranced with the consumer driven values that have
steamed from a post–industrial era. This consumerist society fuels many multibillion dollar
companies as well as keeps a certain few in power. Neoliberalism is a political theory that is
considered to be right–winged and often associated with laissez–faire government policies. Many
theorist, economist, and social activist criticizes the neoliberal ideology. Claire Fontaine is collective
artist founded in Paris 2004. She considers herself a readymade artist working in neon, sculpture,
painting and text. Her work confronts and criticizes the communistic**I think maybe you meant
consumerist?** society and issues of neoliberalism in her work. Claire Fontaine embodies
Neoliberalism within herself as an extension of her criticism. **Good thesis** The sociopolitical
theory of neoliberalism began as the combination of traditional laissez–faire markets with some
state or government involvement to prevent another economic collapse like the Great Depression. In
a neoliberal society the state would have a minimal roll which redefined how the state was seen and
works. When these ideas started to get implemented in the 70s, there was a privatization of
previously state–owned industries, contracting out former state doings and the formation of
collective goods. Neoliberal societies shift from centralized government to a privatized

Capitalism And Neoliberalism
Throughout history, the concept of politics has reduced through many centuries. Since the beginning
of time the implementation of governance has been a recurring question. Globally, there are
different ideologies and political systems that our citizens must follow. One major concept from the
the ideology Neoliberalism is Globalization which impacts our society in ways that many do not see.
Another ideology that affects our society is the concept of Capitalism. All aspects of Politics affects
the role and nature of the state as we know it today. Neoliberalism is an ideology that express a
means for a free market economy. A free market economy is an economy that those who have access
to, can take part in. As stated before, Globalization is a subheading of Neoliberalism. The concept of
globalization is to unify the globe into one, so that society can run smoother. Globalization, comes
with the concept of a global village. The three components of this "village" are an open market,
society, and technology. An open market is the free movement of goods and services. This feature of
the village allows for new ideas and creations to be introduced to our society. An open society is the
collapsing of national boundaries with the free movement of people. The free movement of people
brings on new nationalities and languages which makes us very diverse. Lastly, open technology is
that anyone can use the free market. This concept of the village gives those who can, access to the
free

International Relations' Theories Realism vs. Liberalism
Introduction
Social humanitarian sciences focus on studying global political processes and the object of its
research are social phenomena, which are defined as "international relations" in the world we know.
International relations are comprised of many different categories, such as foreign policy,
international politics or world politics. However, the central issue of international politics is the
international relations. The term "international relations" has been first used by English philosopher
J. Bentham at the end of 18th century. It is important to note that it is not accidentally that the term
appeared at that particular time, as the border line of 18–19th centuries is marked by evolution of the
international relations' ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the core of realism theory, with its understanding of world politics remains the same –
uncompromising struggle between states for power and influence, and not moral and legal principles
that define the foreign policy of a state. One of the baselines for political realism is the clause of the
anarchic nature of international relations. From this point of view, the anarchic nature of relations
~3~
differentiates between international and intrastate relations, which are built on principle of
hierarchy, subordination, supremacy and obedience, formalized legal norms, out of which the
monopoly of government on the abuse of power within its sovereign territory state prevails all other.
Anarchic nature of world relations, from the viewpoint of realism, is defined by two aspects: firstly,
lack of unitary ruling party in the world structure, where orders by such party are to be carried out
by governments of all the states implicitly. Secondly, the imminence of each state to rely on itself
only, when standing up for its interests creates the anarchy. The followers of the political realism
theory base its belief on the absence of the supreme power, legal and moral norms, capable on the
basis of mutual agreement effectively regulate interrelations of main actors, and thus, avert so
destructible for them and the world wars and conflicts. Moreover, realism is based on a very
negative and unchanging conception of human nature – bad

Criticism And Classic Liberalism
Classic Liberalism
Liberalism has had many interpretations over the years, such as conservative liberalism, national
liberalism and neo–liberalism. While classical liberalism promotes ideas or individual freedom and
democratic responsibility and focuses on the human aspect of society, neo–liberalism is in sharp
contrast and focuses on the economic side of society. While classic liberalism supports
individualism it also promotes equality which causes liberalism to be an constant political process
where policy is ever–changing. Classical Liberalism is an philosophy and ideology that has policies
and central values which convey as equal opportunity and free–market society and it has a common
sense view toward where government is required and where individuals should have the freedom of
choice.
Classical liberalism is designed to provide individuals the freedom of material possession and
intellect, or freedom. (Maclean & Wood, 64). The ideas of every individual having the inherent right
to life, liberty and property is one that is necessary in society and it is what give the population the
ability to innovate and take risks as the freedom of property provides financial and other incentives
and "humans are seen to be by their nature economic and as having a natural tendency toward trade
and exchange" (Maclean & Wood, 67). These freedoms and natural tendency's coupled with the
freedom of opportunity provided in a classical Liberal society are the building blocks of an

Neoliberalism In Latin America
Neoliberalism was a new version of liberalism that existed after the events of the Cold War. The
people who practiced this modern philosophy of liberalism, Neoliberals, emphasized on free trade,
export production, and comparative advantage. Neoliberalism took over Latin America in the 1990s
after nationalism had died down. Neoliberals also sold off or privatized the state–run corporations
and public services created by the nationalists of Latin America. They also slashed the import tariffs
established by the nationalists and deregulated capital flows. One of the social consequences of
neoliberal reforms in Latin American countries involved the dismantling of bureaucracies. This
dismantling meant unemployment for millions of people. Those who were still employed were left
with inadequate incomes, but the result was a high rate of poverty. Social classes were difficult to
define however, those in the middle class benefited the most out of the social classes. The
distribution of wealth in these Latin American countries was unfair, especially in Chile where the
distribution of wealth was considered the most unequal throughout Latin America. The neoliberal
policies allowed for those in the middle class to live better and expand as a class due to their
participation in the events after the Cold War economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fixing the environmental problems was very expensive, and factories were allowed to pollute,
which attracted investment from multinational corporations. An environmental challenge that Latin
America had to face was global warming. Due to capitalist development, environmental devastation
worsened. Additionally, the Amazon rainforest had depleted. The Brazilian government launched
World Bank–funded development to build roads, highways, hydroelectric dams and more
developments that contributed to the damage and exploitation of the Amazon

Market Reasoning
are looked at in form of persons rather than just artificial entities. Therefore, giving them the power
to possess rights and responsibilities. Companies are ought not to be treated as persons because they
are solely created to fulfill the purpose of generating profits and indeed have no extra
responsibilities to the society. To achieve democracy, corporation involvement in politics must be
avoided. "Corporate responsibilities to the public are better addressed in the democratic process than
inside corporate boardrooms." (Reich, 668). Large corporations tend to influence political decisions
due to the financial incentives given to politicians. If companies take part in the political system,
governments are likely to change ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are those goods and practices that cannot be bought according to Sandel even though there is
fairness. For example, there are certain types of happiness cannot be bought such as a loveable
family and true lifelong friends. Love is a natural feeling of affection that cannot have a price to it.
Even though someone can buy friends, the feeling is not the same as the natural affection of love
from a true friend. On the other hand, individuals perceive happiness in different ways. Some
individuals view happiness in form of possessing material wealth and others do not. In conclusion,
free market capitalism has created an opportunity for individuals in society and paved way for
people to enjoy a lot of goods and services produced and sold through the market exchange.
However, capitalism has created many negative consequences since it is mainly concerned with
maximizing profits and minimizing costs. These negatives consequences in most cases eventually
outweighed positive outcomes especially affecting democracy. For instance, equality of all people
has been induced negatively leading to

Movements And Counter Revolutions And Revolutions
Movements and counter movements, revolutions and counter revolutions, this is the story of human
history. Karl Marx observed that to truly identify a state, we need only to observe its economy and
the associated institutions, Marx 's famously commented " liberal conceptions of justice and equality
often result in unequal results" rung as a corner stone argument of opponents of Neo–Liberal
economics. The story of the Occupy Movement, while regularly citing Marxist arguments in its
critique of neo–liberalism, is essentially the story of resistance. It fought against Neo–Liberalism,
globalization and the fight to re–include economic equality in the discourse of human rights. In Fact,
the Occupy Movement is a direct response to the abuses and inherent contradictions found in Neo–
Liberal ideology, they range from significant income inequality to fundamentally altering the
discourse associated with human rights. To fully understand Neo–Liberalism, Capitalism and
Globalization, it is important to understand the preceding ideology. For the purposes of this paper,
Colonialism and Imperialism will be briefly explained, in an attempt to set context for discussing
Occupy 's creation and its goals in relationship to Neo–Liberalism. Simply put, Colonialism is the
practice of overt domination of another region 's social, political and economic institutions. Colonies
usually are created to discover and maintain new sources of wealth for the mother country, at the
expense of the occupied

Modern Day Relevance of Sinclair's The Jungle Essay
The Jungle was first published in 1906. Contemporary critics disagree about whether or not the
novel has any "relevance" for modern readers. What do YOU think?
I believe this novel has somewhat of a relevance for modern readers in today's society. In the world
of economic competition that we live in today, many thrive and many are left to dig through trash
cans. It has been a constant struggle throughout the modern history of society. One widely
prescribed example of this struggle is Upton Sinclair's groundbreaking novel, The Jungle. The
Jungle takes the reader along on a journey with a group of recent Lithuanian immigrants to America.
As well as a physical journey, this is a journey into a new world for them. They have come to ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The American Dream portrays the idea that if a man is lazy, he might not do so well, but if a man
wants to work and educate himself and try to create a fortune, there is nothing standing in his way.
Some believe that Capitalism is the cause for much of the poverty in the nation today, but any
hardcore capitalist will tell you that capitalism inherited poverty, and far from being a cause of
poverty, it is the only solution. The symbols of socialism and capitalism are present right from the
start in this story. Sinclair first depicts the Lithuanian event with many of the same things and the
partygoers with many of the same values (i.e. getting drunk, dancing) as we might see today to give
the reader a sense of identity with the Lithuanians. He is beginning to get the reader to sympathize
with these people. The grand time they are having is all part of traditions that these people have
brought with them from their homeland. The people pitch in together to pay, everyone has their fill
of everything, and strangers are brought in and welcomed. This is a strong symbol of socialism,
where everyone is considered an equal. However, he mentions that sometimes, the barkeeps rip off
the organizers of such parties by giving them poorer quality alcohol or overestimating the amount of
alcohol consumed by the guests. This is a show of the swindling that Sinclair is characteristic of the
"every man for himself" idea of capitalism. Some

Capitalism And Free Market Capitalism
For this assignment we are asked to explain free market capitalism. First of all, capitalism has its
own meaning while free market does too. Capitalism defines as an economic system based on
ownership of factors of produce (Nickolas, 2017). The primary tactics of capitalism is when the
owners compete with one another along with motivates a general profit by its private owner without
any outside companies interference of outside sale forces (Nickolas, 2017).
Free market plays a role by producing and pricing the products/services. Basically, this is what free
market is all about! Free market is an economic system that you use strictly for supply and demand
with or without the small aspects of government regulations. In this process, generally the buyer and
the seller makes deals freely and only when coming to an agreement on the price of a product and or
service.
Capitalism is the center of interest to create wealth. Also, too, fabricate gains ownerships of capital
and factors of producing versus to free market. Free Market also '''focuses""' on wealth, products,
and services. One requirement of capitalism is that it requires a free market economic system to
bring in success. If a free market follow and adhere to all regulations it can potentially become one
of the most unique agents of collective human progress.
The United States has fully lived up to John Kenneth Galbraith's observation half a century ago that
modern U.S. capitalism generates "private wealth" and "public squalor (Foster et al.,
2017).Capitalism has served us enormously well. Yet while it has helped to reduce global poverty
and expand access to health care and education, it has come at an enormous cost: unsustainable
levels of public and private debt, excessive consumerism, and, frankly, too many people who are left
behind. Any system that prevents large numbers of people from fully participating or excludes them
altogether will ultimately be rejected. And that's what you see happening. People are asking, "What
are we doing here? (McKinsey & Company, 2017).
Creative Capitalism is a systematic approach to government businesses (Nickolas, 2017). In which,
it is a nonprofit organization that works as a team to broaden market shifts. In this

Neoliberalism : Political And Economic Theory Of...
Neoliberalism is a political and economic theory that highlights the ways in which practices such as
free market activity, free trade, and the protection of private property rights promote human
prosperity and the overall success of society. The ideology prioritizes expanding competition
through deregulation, as well as reducing the role of the state through privatization. Neoliberalism is
a product of globalization, the spread of free market capitalism, and the spread of liberal democracy.
While this theory claims to encourage equality, there is evidence that neoliberalism in fact augments
class inequality. This political philosophy emerged in the late 1970s, but is rooted in classical
liberalism–the belief that individuals have natural rights and should live their lives without
government interference. Classical liberalism intended to promote equality by giving individuals an
equal chance to enter the marketplace. Neoliberalism uses this idea as a foundation for a system of
economic and political practices that benefit large corporate interests. This results in the mixing of
private and public sectors causing business interests to infiltrate public systems. In David Harvey's
book A Brief History of Neoliberalism, he explains how the neoliberal state must assure economic
stability, and the quality and integrity of money. He suggests that the state "must also set up those
military, defence, police, and legal structures and functions required to secure private property

Globalization, Neo-Liberalism, and New Social Movements in...
Majeerah B. Sinarimbo September 26, 2012 Political Science 160 SINGA–PURA (SINGAPORE)
The world becomes more and more complex. Things have never been the same. Changes became
rapid and impulsive that at some point, we are confused as to how to address these changes.
Conflicts of the early times are not the same with what we 're facing today. Solutions of the past are
not exactly effective in the present. We, humans, we 're never stable. The complexity of our behavior
is a great manifestation of the unending evolution of our world. The world today might not be the
world of tomorrow. All of these, are results of changes. Yes, I am going to talk about changes. Not in
a simple way but in a more specific way. We all know that we can not ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They are very strict when it comes to obeying these laws. Punishments are given to those who are
not conforming to the rules of the state. Singapore is also called a 'partly–free ' country.
Economically, Singapore has a very unreachable and unbelievable status. Unreachable because it
has a highly developed market–based economy. It is one of the major traders in the world. Their
GDP are largely based on their exports. Because of its low tax rates, work force, and business–
friendly environment, and its being a free–market economy, Singapore has attracted many foreign
investors. Thus, leading it to be one of the very prosperous country in the world. It is also
unbelievable because for a country that is so small, all of these were made possible. A brief history
of Singapore is necessary in this case study. The name "Singapore" can actually be derived from the
words 'Singa ' and 'Pura ' which means 'Lion ' and 'City ' respectively. In 1819, Thomas Stamford
Raffles arrived and signed a treaty which allows the development of the southern part of Singapore
as a British trading post. In 1824, the whole island became colonized by the British and eventually it
became the capital of the Straits Settlements. The colonization of Singapore has led it to its status as
of now. It has strong global trading links with different countries and it owns a port that is one of the
busiest ports in the world. This only shows that Singapore is a very

The Development Of Liberalism After The Chinese Economic...
Friedrich von Hayek elaborates the necessity of economic freedom to the formulation of liberalism.
In the 1980s, China, a country undergoing dramatic economic program, worshiped Hayek's idea,
and fiercely debated the extent of government interventionism in this entire process. Following
Hayek's logic, a pure and complete economic freedom would inevitably lead to political liberalism.
In contrast, a manipulated economy, like the one China developed before 1977, suppressed
consumers' freedom, and facilitated an authoritarian government. Yet, did the Chinese economic
development really enhance the foundation of a liberal society? Or is there something else that
impedes the growth of freedom? Before answering these questions, liberalism (ziyou ... Show more
Hayek's vision echoes the Chinese economic scene today, in which the decelerating economic
growth rate is coupled with an increasing centralization of political power, foreshadowing an
absolutist autocracy, at least.
Hayek argues that the foundations of individualism go back to a root from classical antiquity and
Christianity. And he sees the transfer of power from the state to the individual as the basis of
western civilization. People in the past experienced dramatic elevation of material comfort and
development of science and technology, thanks to the granting of individual freedom. Unconscious
and unintended aggregate of individual actions outweighed the idea of central planning. Yet when
socialism appeared, there emerged a great utopia that socialism could be combined with democracy.
Hayek opposes this naive interpretation because socialism seeks equality through "restraint and
servitude." A planned economy in socialism, as well, would not produce the most efficient output
and creativity simply due to a lack of price mechanism and thus a lack of information. When the
allocation of resources is unpredictable and often false, and when the economic policy is imposed by
force, the government is accumulating greater centralized power that weighs much more than
individual wills. Even though Hayek says the government has the duty to ensure the competitiveness
of the market, he would

Positives And Cons Of Neo Liberalism
Neo–liberalism has its ruts in 1938 when it was firstly introduced by the German scholar Alexander
Rusto in a conference hold for intellectuals by Luis Rougier, at the time to be "neoliberal" meant to
encourage a modern economic policy with state intervention.
Although often used as a trend of globalization and studied mostly in economic, neo–liberalism is
very complex. The varieties of values, ideologies, and practices of neo–liberalism have a significant
affect in the economic, political, and cultural aspects of the society. Martinez and Garcia(2000)
define neo–liberalism as:
"A set of economic policies that have become widespread during the last 25 years or so. You can
clearly see the effects of neo–liberalism here as the rich grow richer and the poor grow poorer.
Around the world, neo–liberalism has been imposed by powerful financial institutions like the
International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and the Inter American Development Bank.
The capitalist crisis over the last 25 years, with its shrinking profit rates, inspired the corporate elite
to revive economic liberalism. That's what makes it 'neo' or new."
The term neo–liberalism it references in the majority of the cases to the policies and processes
which influences the social life ("whereby a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The aim was that of the "global" adaption with the perspective of the western model of education
(F.Arnove 2013). Mostly of the post–socialist countries followed the goals implemented by the west,
which with the influence of external forces adopted neoliberal policies. The Western Balkan
Countries, aimed to transform the education system, from an old and antiquated one to a modern and
recognizable worldwide model. Moreover this model was presented as the embodiment of progress
and modernity and as the only way for these countries to be competitive with the western European

Political and Economic Liberalism
Political liberalism emphasizes the social contract, in which citizens make the laws and they all
agree to abide by those laws. It is supported on the belief that individuals know what is best for
them. Political liberalism grants political representation to all adult citizens regardless of sex, race,
or financial status. It highlights the "rule of law" and favors liberal democracy. It works on the
principle that individuals are the foundation of rules and civilization. Furthermore, society and its
organizations are created and subsist to advance the goals and achievements of individuals, devoid
of additional support to elite members of society. Economic liberalism supports the individual rights
of personal property and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We cannot survive without a social contract. There would be constant war because of the
development of men's acquirement of property. Rousseau summarizes this in his Discourse on
Political Economy. "You need me, for I am rich and you are poor. Let us come to an agreement
between ourselves. I will permit you to have the honor of serving me, provided you give me what
little you have for the trouble I will be taking to command you." (p. 134) He explains the negative
aspects of personal tax and why political and economic liberalism benefits society. When people feel
they are treated well by their governments, they are more likely to be civil to each other which is
why it is necessary for governments to make sure they maintain individual liberty, peace, security,
and property rights, and their interferences are kept to a bare minimum. John Locke believes there is
a natural law, a moral standard that is intrinsic in the origin of human nature. Humans, being
basically good by nature, are born equal and free, with out the ties of government. Because humans
were in essence good, there was no need of a government. However, as time passed, the need for the
benefits of civility became necessary. It is at this point that people agree to leave the state of nature,
and thereby give up their absolute freedom. Locke focuses mainly on the lack of any natural moral
authority of one person over another. No one is born master, or captain, or chief, of any other

Liberalism And Ligalitarianism
Politics is often discussed on the basis or right and wrong, left and right, and is riddled with false
dichotomies, when it really is a much more vivid and complex spectrum than that. There are many
different systems of governments and competing ideologies, that are further then divided in their
leanings and priorities. Of the first ideologies, Liberalism, is also subcategorized into different
interpretations based on how much of liberty is attainable and a governmental presence there should
be. It is divided into Classical Liberalism, Social Darwinism, Egalitarian Liberalism, Libertarianism,
and Libertarian Anarchism. The reason there is much contention within Liberalism as an ideology
on its own, is because all of these factions idealize ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the one hand, with the emergence of the nation–state and theories of sovereignty in the sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries, ideas of a distinctly public realm began to crystallize. On the other hand,
in reaction to the claims of monarchs and, later, parliaments to the unrestrained power to make law,
there developed a countervailing effort to stake out distinctively private spheres free from the
encroaching power of the state. Natural rights theories were elaborated in the seventeenth century
for the purpose of setting limits on state power, both over property and religious conscience(3).
Many philosophers such as Locke, Miller, and Paine, and Kant argue for these rights due to the fact
that there was a great social awakening and a growing urge to question the legitimacy of leadership.
On these basis stood the foundation of classical liberalism.
Classical Liberalism prioritizes above all things complete and total individual liberty. Believers in
Classical Liberalism assert that it must be served in completeness because any lack of it creates
citizens that are willingly dependent on the government. It is imperative to understand that Classical
Liberalism does not call for complete anarchy or even no government at all like Libertarian
Anarchists do, but rather a small government. Thomas Paine describes this idea as "Society in every
state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil; in its worst

A Country Is Authoritarian Or Democratic Is Not A Choice
A country being authoritarian or democratic is not a choice; it's a result of the policies the country
makes. There is no one factor that makes a country democratic or authoritarian, but the degree of
capitalism that is implemented in a country is the most effective factor in determining a countries
regime type. Australia and North Korea are two countries, which have two completely different
regime types and economies. Using these countries as examples, I will show how capitalism is the
most important factor in the regime type of any country that exists in the world today.
I will first give a brief introduction of each of the two countries mentioned. Then, I will describe
what it means for a country to be democratic and compare the two countries chose to those
requirements. I will then go into reasons of how the degree capitalism is used affects the country's
regime type. I will use
Australia is a country that has a democratic regime and a capitalist economy. According to the
Freedom House "Freedom in the World Report" of 2014, which rates countries freedom on a scale
of one to seven, Australia has a perfect 1.0 (Australia). This means that Australia is a full and free
country. On the other hand, North Korea has an authoritarian regime and a very tightly closed
economy. North Korea's score in the Freedom House report is a 7.0(North Korea). This score means
that the country is not free and that the people do not have as many rights as free countries do. With
the two

Liberalism : The Strongest International Theory
Liberalism is one of the dominant international as well as national theories in the world. Despite
this, realism also considered the strongest international theory especially last five decades due to
international conflicts occurred many times such as war, cold war and terrorism and liberalism was
not effective policy. On the other hand, liberalism is still major subject in politics at the present time
and it has also been very influential in history of world politics. Initially, it is useful to look at key
dates and definition of liberalism. The knowledge of liberalism emerged in 17–18 century and
Emmanuel Kant (1724–1804) had a major influence on this subject. This theory is been evolved
since that and liberalism was very influential on western states especially by top policy makers in
the begging of 20th century as well as it was regarded as idealism. (((Tim dune , smith book,
p102))). Generally, liberalism can be defined as democracy, free trade, law and international
institutions and this will result in peace and progress (lec slide show Kant fomula))). However, it is
worth discussing broader definition of liberalism with four dimensional definition (((Doyle
1997:207, smith book, p 102, 1st row)))). Firstly, according to Doyle all citizens have equal right
and have power for basic rights such as freedom of speech, education and religious rights. Secondly,
state cannot mistreat citizens and it should be investigated by the people. Next, individuals have a
liberty to

Nederlander Concerts Case Study
Explain the role of capitalism in the 100–year growth of Nederlander Concerts. How does
Nederlander benefit from each of the fundamental rights of capitalism?
1.Capitalism is a free market system, based on private ownership, economic freedom, and fair
competition. This economic system creates great possibilities for economic growth and wealth for
businesses, countries and societies. Nedrelander Concerts is one of the companies that had
successful growth during the past 100 years by operating in the free market system. Let's take a look
at what the role of capitalism in their success is and how Nederlander benefits from each of the
fundamental rights of capitalism.
Nederlander Concerts is a family–owned company located in LA, one of the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
economy to affect Nederlander's ticket sales? Why or why not?
2.Now a days, concerts of famous artists are usually held in big stadiums and theaters, which brings
a huge crowd of fans for affordable ticket prices and the same time, satisfies the high demanded
payment for the top artists and earns a profit for the organizers of the shows. However, there are
concert management companies, like Nederlander, that manages to charge higher ticket prices for
small theater performances and to deliver a "sellout crowd night after night"(Video Case:
Nederlander, p.1). Why is Nederlander able to do that when audiences could pay less at stadium
concerts?
Operating in a free market system makes Nederlander work hard and find their way to succeed.
Their tactic is "to match the right band with the right target audience" (Video Case: Nederlander,
p.1). Believing that each artist or band has their unique audience, the marketing department of
Nederlander is publicizing the shows by executive targeting a definite customer sector. Another
important factor of the success of Nederlander is that they have learned "to make money based on
precise economic calculation" (Video Case: Nederlander, p.1). By matching the high demand for top
artists with the low supply of tickets for Nederlander small venues, they find out the equilibrium
price, the price where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied. Knowing the equilibrium
price and taking into consideration the price

Advantages Of Liberalism
Different theoretical underpinning have governed the world and have given rise to different types of
policies, ranging from fiscal policies to monetary policies. The most popular of these theories is
Marxism, neo–liberalism and what this easy is going to be about which is Liberalism. It will be
looking at unpacking the main ideological thinking behind Liberalism then linking the ideology to
housing Production systems. Then it will put forward the critiques that have been discovered and
debated upon in liberalism before concluding with the main arguments points and how they could be
implemented. Finally it will conclude by a short comparison to the South African context.
Liberalism is viewed as a far–fetched thought of governance, one can even say it is ... Show more
Self–help housing is –in simpler terms– a group or community of people coming together and
pulling resources in order to satisfy their housing needs. This a key production system in terms of
housing in a liberalist point of thinking because in first looks at the individual needs of a person.
Liberalism (as mentioned previously) believes in individualism and when housing is approached
using that way of thought a lot can be achieved, more than just building a shelter. In SHH, when a
group of individuals are building a house for themselves they don't build homogenous houses but
the house that are built are built to the individual family's need because the dwellers of that
particular house are fully involved in the building of their house. Therefor the imperfections and
deficiencies found within those houses that are build can be tolerated as the owner or occupier of
that particular dwelling was involved in the designing and construction of that dwelling. The only
thing that is required from the government is providing key infrastructure, social facilities, health
amenities, education amenities and other services that the public themselves cannot

Neo Liberalism And Its Impact On Society
Introduction
There is a heated debate on this concept during the past 20 years and is somewhat named as
exhortation. Many authors have tried to describe this concept and related it with the spread of
capitalism and along with a proactive welfare state. The concept of neo liberalism basically revived
from liberalism. By this it can be suggested that liberalism was absent from politics in order to
emerge in a new form. Neo liberalism is not basically a distinct ideology and a not proper form of
liberalism. It shares only some of the historic views with liberalism which would be general.
Another concept which is introduced is economic liberalism. It is defined as that the states do not
intervene in the matters related to economy rather on the individuals. Economic liberalism and
neoliberalism are separate entities from liberalism. In oxford English dictionary describes economic
liberalism as, Favorable to constitutional changes and legal or administrative reforms tending in the
direction of freedom or democracy.
It also describes neo liberalism as, A modified and revived form of traditional liberalism one based
on the belief in free market capitalism and the rights of the individuals.
Liberalism
Liberalism was an important concept but it also lost some of its importance in order to emerge as a
new form. In the today's world hardly any one speaks for the freedom and democracy

Compare And Contrast Two Ideological Perspectives

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