Compare And Contrast The Urban Legend Of The Girl In The...

Compare And Contrast The Urban Legend Of The Girl In The...
The urban legend "The Girl in the Lavender Dress" is about a girl getting picked up by two people from an empty street, then disappearing when
getting dropped off to the location they said to go." Resurrection Mary" is about a girl dying in a hit and run then being a ghost then dancing with a
man named Jerry then disappearing. The plots for both of the urban legends are the same because both stories are about two ghost getting picked up and
disappearing. In the urban legend "The girl in the lavender dress" it states " There was only one house on the corner on the opposite side, Herbert made
a U–turn and stopped the car. There was no one in the rear seat." (Scott) In the video "Resurrection Mary" it states "Jerry saw a picture of of her in
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Essay On Lady Saw
Marion Hall commonly known as Lady Saw was born in Galina St. Mary, Jamaica on the 12th of July 1972. Marion Hall started her career in
reggae music at the age of fifteen, while recording with some local sound systems. Hall's stage persona as Lady Saw is a distinct contrast to her true
self, the way she is now and when she was growing up. Her decision involved taking on a name that paid tribute to the influential male deejay, Tenor
Saw, and writing lyrics that were heavy on the slack (the term used for extremely explicit sexual lyrics and performances). Most of her songs are
heavily influenced by dancehall music and it reflects some of the major issues that are prevalent in the Jamaicans' society today. Dancehall Music is
popular type of music that originated in the late 1970s, as a result of varying political and socio–economic factors. Dancehall music was heavily
influenced by the Rastafarian culture and it is characterized as a deejay singing and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The use of Jamaican Dialect shows that she is embracing her culture while conveying the message to Caribbean nationals in a language they can
comprehend but it is not internationally accepted and also it is language used by individuals of the "lower" class. Whereas the use of American based
English captivates the international audience, thus giving her recognition across the globe as a popular Caribbean artiste. According to Dr. Winford
James , co–author of "The Creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: Phonology", and UWI lecturer, she believes that our negative history as slaves, a traditional
attitude that Creole English is not a genuine language because it is a 'corruption' of English vocabulary and grammar, and that it lacks the international
prestige of American and British English. Therefore, the use of language plays an important role in embracing one's culture whether it is negative or

The Influence Of Swing Music In The 1930's
As the rest of the world suffered from the trauma that was bought by the Great Depression in 1930's America, Jazz was at its all–time high. With the
transition into the swing era, Jazz musicians and Jazz listeners grew and transformed. The music, which now incorporated faster tempos, more band
members with more and different instruments, more solo improvisation and an overall "looser, less rhythmic feeling", and swing music had become a
new craze sought out by not only other jazz musicians but dancers, and whites and blacks alike. Swing music was brought north during the Great
Migration were most Jazz musicians in New Orleans relocated to the north to escape Jim Crow laws and racism in the south. These musicians
mostly stayed in Harlem and influenced Jazz music very much during this era. During the swing era, two types of bands arose in New York and the
Eastern Coast. Hot bands were bands that played aggressively and fast tempos. It was music that challenges its' dancers athletically. Swing music was
the reason new dances emerged during the 30's and 40's. The Lindy Hop, probably one of the most popular swing dance styles in where partners
would throw each other in the air occasionally, originated in Harlem and was danced in night clubs as well as private parties. ... Show more content on
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Their music was known as social music or conservative music. The dances also reflected the music and were slower and flowed more smoothly.
Dancers of this style would do more conservative versions of the Lindy Hop such as the jitterbug, the Varsity Drag, and the Fox Trot. Sweet bands
usually stuck to the composition more closely while hot bands emphasized improvisation. Dancehalls, speakeasies, and ballrooms were new venues for
Jazz music. We saw the birth of night clubs were swing dancing was very prominent. This was the beginning of jazz being associated with dance and
drinking and

Cleveland Laing Research Paper
Cleveland Laing, A.K.A Lieutenant Stitchie
Sitting in the Brand New Life Christian Center in April 2006, I gazed upon the chairs, pulpit, and an array of pianos, drums, and trumpets. The praise
and worship team was leading us in songs of worship. An excitement was building because I knew it was not just any ordinary concert; it was the day
one of my favorite artists, Cleveland Laing, also known as Lieutenant. Stitchie was going to perform. I counted each song we sang and how many
people performed before it was Lt. Stitchie's turn to thrill us with heart–stopping, soul–filling reggae gospel music. Everyone stood tense as they
awaited his performance. The seats were filled, with even more people crowding the back and the sides of the church.

Theme Of I Ve Got Your Man
Critical Analysis of 'I've got your man' by Lady Saw
Dancehall is a genre of music that developed in the late 1970s in Jamaica with certain influences from Reggae music. It gained popularity in Jamaica
in the 1980s and 1990s and has continued to be dominant in Caribbean societies. Although Dancehall was a male dominated genre at that period,
Marion 'Lady Saw' Hall is one of the most influential artistes and is very diverse in terms of her style of dancehall and lyrical content. She collaborated
with the North American band No Doubt for the song 'Underneath It All' for which she earned triple platinum status and a Grammy Award for Best
Record by a Duo or Group and has produced ten studio albums. Her success and diversity as a singer, writer,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Although she empowered women in terms of being comfortable with expressing sexuality from a female perspective by defying gender
discrimination, the underlying message in the lyrics seeks to degrade another woman and tarnish her reputation while the man remains dominant.
The song 'I've Got Your Man' relates to listeners that a man is romantically involved with two women at the same time. This message is delivered
through the perspective of the woman who the man is having an affair with and hence, imposing on another person's relationship is depicted as a
victory in the song. Lady Saw states 'You may think he's coming back to you but I doubt it. Don't make no sense you call him and even try to work
out it, 'Cause I've got your man and you can't do anything about it,' which reveals a level of competitiveness as she is convinced that the man will
choose her over his initial partner. However, the lyrics reveals that the man is only seeking a sexual relationship with her and may not necessarily
commit to either one. This can be deduced from the lines 'Your man he told me that he's tired of the shit you got. He took one hit and said my good
shit keeps him coming back.' Hence, the man resumes the dominant role in the relationship as he has the option to choose between both women which
is an example of how polygamy has perpetuated society and it is part of their

What Is The Influence Of Bob Marley's Influence On...
The focus of Michael Veal's book was to show Bob Marley's themes of exile and spiritual conviction have inspired audiences around the world, and the
structure of popular music. Veal concentrated on the extent to which Jamaican music is a potent metaphor for the society and times within which it
emerged, and for global culture at the new millennium. Bob Marley and the Wailers have been noted for having the album of 20th century. Which
helped Jamaica get recognition for influence on popular music. Jamaican music, reggae, has a sub–genre known as dub music. Dub music was
flourished during the era of the "roots" (1968–1985). The sound The sounds and technique of classic Dub music have influenced the various genres of
global electronic popular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One style had artists that were figureheads anointed by international audiences. Their music was often recorded in better–equipped studios outside of
Jamaica and was recorded at high production values. It was looked at as more sophisticated chord progressions than what the local norms in
Jamaica were. This style had more emphasis on singing. The other style was apart of the dancehall culture, which was targeted mainly to local
Jamaican audiences. DJs would rap over rhythm tracks, and they gained some popularity outside of Jamaica. Dub music focused more on sexual
topics, "lovers rock", political violence that was upon Jamaica, and songs relating to current events in general. The difference between the two styles
was there respective sites of consumption. Audiences of Marley's music would attend more of a concert to listen to his music live, whereas, the other
style's audience was go to a dancehall to enjoy live music. The biggest difference is that one side of reggae was marketed to an international audience
that was conditioned by the naturalist values of rock and roll and soul music. The other was influenced by the lifestyle of the people locally; which
caused a difference in the sound of the

Urban Industrialization In The Late 19th Century
In the late nineteenth century between 1880 and 1900 urban industrialism changed how the city looks, feels, smells and sounds. Many people flooded
the cities for opportunities. There were immigrants, business men and women, poor laborers, blue blood, salesgirls, sweatshop laborers, millionaires,
political officials, architects unskilled and skilled workers. Overall, Immigrants flooded the cities to work from all over the world. People from the
rural areas also moved to the city and also helped change the cities appearance. Cities now had noise, pollution, traffic, slums and sanitation problems.
All this growth caused more jobs, income and more money to be made and spent.
Government had to keep up with the cities expansion by building

The Electronic Dance Music Culture
"The first time when on the radio I listened to the remixed song Why Don't You?, I was quite of surprised how DJ accessed to musical material
from the past. The song affected me with a sense of the past although it was skilfully woven and shaped into a new, very danceable sound of
electronic music" described Irina CvijanoviД‡. (Cvijanovic) Electronic dance music, or better known as "edm", has completely changed the music
industry. Edm has now taken over radio and the mainstream, and has become one of the main aspects of popular culture. (Tankel) The rise and
popularity of edm comes from it's unique and innovative sound that is based heavily on the idea of musical remixing and the blending of genres.
Bedroom producers have taken over the music industry by incorporating old songs into brand new unique remixes that are being played and enjoyed
all around the world. (VГ¤kevГ¤) This electronic dance music culture has become one of the most popular and profitable events in the United States,
and they are only getting bigger and better. An important pioneer and well recognized figure in this industry is Thomas Wesley Pentz or professionally
known as "Diplo". Diplo has not only become one of the world's most popular DJ's, but is known worldwide for his hybridization of musical genres.
Diplo was one of the first producers to incorporate dancehall and reggaeton into popular music, and with his Top 40 charting tracks Lean on and
Where Are U Now, has become a key innovator in popular

My Report on the Jamaican Culture
Have you ever wanted to go to Jamaica because of their lifestyle or accent? Sure, you did! But, is their lifestyle really what it is put out to be?
Jamaican culture is the up–building, upholding, and one of the starting points of African culture. So, I am here to inform you about it. The culture of
Jamaica is very unique. Their culture is not the type of culture you would always imagine. Jamaican culture all started in the dancehall. The
dancehall started in the cities of Kingston in the late 1940s but really started to become popular in the 1950s. The dancehall queen is the highest
rank in the dancehall. The dancehall queen means that the person is the most visible and the best dancer of them all. As soon as the music hit the
US in the 60's and 70's, it started to migrate into a Jamaican flavor or as known reggae. The food customs of Jamaica is very different. The
Jamaican patty is the most well known. These patties are dated back all the way to when Jamaica was found. In this patty it is found to be different
spices to be cooked in their flaky shell. According to VIP Attractions, it states that, "Today, patties can be found all over Jamaica and the rest of the
Caribbean. They became such a reminiscent piece of Jamaica that they have made their way into Europe and North America to satisfy the longing
palates of the Jamaican Diaspora." Also, in the Jamaican culture, they eat Johnny Cakes. They also call these Jamaican Fried Dumplings. Many
breakfast platters are served

Discontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and...
Discontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and Hip–hop
In cultures all over the world, music can be seen encompassing many aspects of life for many individuals. It is a form of mass communication
that"speaks directly to society as a cultural form", and often reflects a collection and pattern of personal experiences (King 19). Music is so
influential because it communicates on three different levels: the physical, emotional, and cognitive. Not only does it operate in a nondiscursive way,
by affecting the physiological mode of the body, causing one to move and dance, but it also encourages one to think. This paper will explore music as
a form of protest; showing how a political message, in general form, is presented through music. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was shaped by social and political oppression and it reflects a defiant attitude toward life. The blues represents survival during hard times and it tells
the basic facts of life. As can be seen in the music, there is an emphasis on the"immediacy of life, the nature of man, and human survival..."formed from
a history of mental and physical hardships (Spencer 39).
It is a direct expression of the post–slavery world view, linked to freeing the individual spirit.
The 'old blues' redefined America's traditional values, and led to the"vision of a new establishment"(Spencer 56). It directly spoke out against white
America and the Puritan ethos that was forced upon the slaves for centuries. The lyrics helped release America from the"moral prison"of this
Puritanism, and questioned the morality of Christianity and white society. In the music, there is an emphasis on unity, with the joining of man and
woman together, and their ultimate triumph over the machine (Spencer 57).
Despite the obvious separation between the blues and the church, the blues is often seen as a"secular religion", as well as a form of art and modern
mythology (Spencer 55). In comparing the blues singer to a preacher, Charles Keil states,"Blues singers and preachers both provide models and

Jamaica is known for its jerked chicken, clear waters, and...
Jamaica is known for its jerked chicken, clear waters, and more notably for Reggae, which makes Jamaican culture globally recognized. However,
despite its mainstream entertainment value of today, reggae is not only music; however it is a way of life for some Jamaicans. It originated as a
political form of protest against the colonial forces operative in the social context of Jamaican life. Musical ambassadors like the Abyssinians, Burning
Spear, Sir Jimmy Cliff, Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, Bunny Wailer, and Rita Marley, along with many others, can be credited with introducingreggae music
to the world and giving it international recognition. Yet, despite its popularity, many do not understand the cultural and political climate in which Reggae
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Artists would essentially hit "two birds with one stone." The first bird was the ability to simply perform their music. However the second bird
isn't as simple as the first, it is the meaning. The second was the protest against the Babylon system and oppression. To the Rastafari, the Babylon
system is any and all oppressive and unequal practices in Jamaica. Babylon began to surface throughout reggae music. Reggae lyrics are suggestive
of the reggae protest songs. Bob Marley is a great example of capturing his strong negative views of Babylon. Reggae protest songs proved to be a force
with power, both socially and politically. Ironically the Jamaican government would use reggae as a vehicle to promote its views (King, xiv).
Reggae never lost and will never lose its association with music and the Rastafari culture. It remains a revolutionary form of explanatory art. Music
never remains stagnate, it will always evolve. Roots reggae; a sub–genre of Reggae, was dominant in Jamaica in the cohort of 1975–1980. Roots
reggae tackles the life of a "ghetto sufferer" and discusses truths and rights (Barrow and Dalton, 129). Dancehall and the incorporation of hip hop
rhythms was the new addition of reggae. Dancehall became widely used after the death of Bob Marley in 1981 (Barrow and Dalton, 231). In the
1990's there comes a new generation of reggae artists. It was able to combine conscious lyrics with the distinctive hardcore dancehall beats. Current
reggae artists

Ouray's Red Light District: A Case Study
Migration into regions can create a struggle for finding new or even familiar foods making the creation of palatable foods difficult. Therefore, many
Americans brought bulk foods with them in their quest for Western expansion. Some of the staple items during this period could have consisted of
salted meats, beans, flour, and any other items that would have the ability to keep without spoiling. We can only imagine how such meals would have
tasted, especially after eating the same meal for days at a time. However, one way to create appealing and appetizing food is through the use of
condiments, along with the fact that canning jars help people store foods for lengthier periods.
Creating enjoyable edible meals would have been an ongoing issue ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ouray's Red Light District reached its peak between the 1880s and 1890s. During this period, the district incorporated three city blocks, and included
brothels, gambling dens, and dancehalls. During their heyday, approximately over 100 girls were working as prostitutes (Gensmer, 2012:20–21;
Gregory, 1982:4–5; Horobik, 2011:19; Smith, 2003:55–56). However, by 1916 America's Temperance movement had spread to Colorado. At this time,
the state passed a prohibition law closing all saloons. Even though illegal places may have existed, the golden days of Ouray's Red Light Districts had
passed (Gensmer, 2012:22–23; Horobik, 2011:20; Smith, 2003:86).
John and Domenick Vanoli were two main contributors to Ouray's Red Light District. These Italian immigrant brothers and their descendants owned
and operated almost all of Block 8 in the district (Figure 2). Their properties grew to include various cribs (areas used by prostitutes), the 220
Boarding House, the Gold Belt Theater with its dance hall and attached cribs, the Roma Saloon, and a possible restaurant (Gensmer, 2012:23; Gregory,
1982; Horobik, 2011:20–23; Meador, 2010:54; Wommack,

An Overview of Reggae Music Essay
Reggae is a genre of music that originated in Jamaica during the late 1960s. It is known for the heavy and strong emphasis on the bass within the
background beat. Reggae was perceived as a kind of music used to express feelings about the social, political, and economic hardships in Jamaica
during the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was performed by musicians from black ghettos who used unhurried beats to make a style of music of their
own. Reggae became an important part of the lifestyle of many Caribbean islanders; expressing a sense of pride of their Caribbean culture. Reggae
was developed from ska and rocky steady. Ska consisted of elements of Caribbean and mento, calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues. It is
characterized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"From the shantytowns of Kingston, Jamaica, to the cobblestones streets of Great Britain, reggae music was a powerful and liberating voice for the
poor and oppressed. In the last thirty years, reggae stars Bob Marley, Burning Spear, and Alpha Blondy have sung "redemption" songs– messages of
human rights and universal love in a "Babylonian" world of civil unrest, political instability, and economic collapse"(Bays, King, and Foster, 2002,
p. XI). Bob Marley was the most famous reggae artist to bring popularity upon the music; selling over 20 million records worldwide. His songs such
as "One Love" and "Redemption Song" were inspired by the effects of oppression upon blacks in Jamaica. Marley's persona for unity and peace among
people throughout the world was an inspiration for Jamaicans. Most blacks in Jamaica during the 1960s suffered from economic hardships and racial
discrimination. This in turn marked the beginning of a religious movement called Rastafarinism where reggae music was an element that distinguished
Rastafarians from the rest of society. According to Chang and Chen, British colonial authorities and the local establishment viewed Rastafarians;
forthright espousal of black unity and pride, and their unconventional appearance and customs, as threats to the existing social order. (Chang, Chen,
1998. p.26) Reggae music allowed blacks to have pride of their culture and not limited themselves to the demeaning social orders in

Extraordinaire Aubrey Drake
The famous singer and rapper extraordinaire Aubrey Drake Graham born on October 24, 1986, in Toronto, Ontario to a country musician father and a
mother who worked as an English teacher and as a florist. Drake grew up with his mother in two very different neighborhoods in Toronto first he lived
on Weston Road in the city's working–class west end then moved to one of the more affluent neighborhoods in the city, Forest Hill. Drake first came
into the public eye when starred on the teen drama television series Degrassi: The Next Generation. After a total of 145 episodes, Drake was intent on
moving away from acting and into rapping ultimately releasing his mixtape, "Comeback Season". This mixtape included the single "Replacement
Girl", featuring Trey Songz. This song was one of Drake's first hits allowing Drake to become the first ever unsigned Canadian rapper to have their
music video featured on BET in 2007. After hearing the song which included a sample of Lil Wayne's verse from "Man of the Year" Lil Wayne invited
Drake to join Tha Carter III tour. After touring the country with Lil Wayne Drake released his third mixtape "So Far Gone" in... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is this first album Drake truly comes into his own showing his emotional side with candid and humbling lyrics which are both rapped and sung
throughout the album. Also, this album gave his fans a peek at his multicultural connections that he touts in his most recent album "More Life". The
music video for "Find Your Love" which peaked at number five on the Hot 100, and was certified Platinum by the RIAA was shot in Kingston,
Jamaica. Depicting Drake in the pursuit of a Jamaican girl and along the way getting into some trouble with the locals. The album received recognition
from both critics and fans with four of the album's songs became hits on the Billboard Hot 100 and the album itself was certified platinum by the

Palatable Food
The creation of palatable foods can sometimes prove difficult, due to migration. Therefore, many Americans brought bulk foods with them, during their
Western expansion. Some staple items during this period could have consisted of salted meats, beans, flour, and any other items that have the ability to
keep long–term without spoiling. We can only imagine how such meals would have tasted, especially after eating the same thing for days at a time.
However, one way to make appealing and appetizing food, is through the use of condiments along with the fact that canning jars help people store
foods for lengthier periods.
Producing enjoyable edible meals would have been an ongoing issue in many Western American mining towns such as Ouray, Colorado.... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
By the 19th century, Americans were able to enjoy a wide range of condiments, which included pepper sauces, Worcestershire Sauce, mustard,
mayonnaise, and ketchup (Gerth and Lindsey, 2011:21). The Spanish and Africans brought hot pepper sauces during their colonization and forced
slavery, particularly to the Mississippi Delta region (Snodgrass, 2004:157). Worcestershire Sauce was created by Lea and Perrins, two British
gentlemen, were tasked with trying to make an Indian sauce with local English ingredients (Snodgrass, 2004:158). On the other hand, mustard has
several variations; however, these adaptations were only able to come about after the successful grinding of mustard seeds into powder by a Mrs.
Clements of Tewkesbury, England in 1720. Maurice Grey and Auguste Poupon blended wine, grape must, black, and brown mustard seeds from
Dijon France in 1886. Americans learned to enjoy this fiery condiment after Francis French created a milder flavored mustard (Jones, 1983:70;
Smith, 2013:600; Snodgrass, 2004:158). It was either the Duc de Richelieu or his cook in 1756, who emulsified egg yolks, oil, vinegar, and
seasonings to create a mayonnaise (Smith, 2013:549; Snodgrass, 2004:158). Ketchup is believed to have gotten its name from either China, Java, or
Indonesia in 1690. This oriental style of sauce came from both preserved fish and fermented salt pickles. However, cooks in the United States
preferred to use tomatoes as the base for this sauce. The condiment gained popularity after the Civil War, which also coincides with America's
expansion into the West (Gerth and Lindsey, 2011:21; Smith, 2013:502; Snodgrass,

How Did The Beatles Influenced American Culture
When the British showed up on the scene all chaos broke loose and Beatle fever made its way into every young girl's heart of the generation. Britain
had a very significant effect on the American music industry and the general population who listened and enjoyed their music. The main spearhead for
this "Invasion" was The Beatles. One product of that invasion was Tom Petty who remembers it being "absolutely earthshaking," he also said
"Culturally, it changed everything in America, and probably the world. The influence on every part of our lives was huge, from social issues to
fashion issues to music issues. From that point on, the Beatles were the North Star for me and my generation" (McGarvey, 2014). The early 60s
belonged to The Beatles, there is no denying that, everything from social subjects you would talk about with your friends, all the way to fashion and
merchandise. Their arrival opened the doors for more British bands to make it big in America, and steal the attention of every boy and girl who
listened to the radio. A few examples of bands the British were responsible for includes The Rolling Stones, the Yardbirds, The Who, the Animals and
Manfred Mann. But how did this British Invasion happen in the first place? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Beatles themselves have mentioned in interviews that Buddy Holly was an inspiration to them which encouraged them to form a "skiffle band"
(Robbins, 2014) made up of a drummer–less group of musicians. These British musicians came up with the perfect recipe for a successful transition to
the American music scene. They borrowed the "basic ingredients of rhythm and blues and country music" (Robbins, 2014) from America and
combined it with their own musical traditions of "dancehall, pop, and Celtic folk" (Robbins, 2014). This created their own twist on rock 'n' roll and
caused a frenzy when it crossed the Atlantic to

Gateway to Sexual Attraction
WST 3015 – Intro to Women's Studies Gateway to Sexual Attraction? "I bleach my skin because it makes me more appealing to men." "Some girls
who are black themselves, say they don't want a black man, they want a man with light complexion" (Tafari–Ama). These are quotes by Jamaican
commentators who believe that lightening one's complexion is the gateway to sexual attraction and gaining a potential spouse. Sexual attraction and
colorism has been synonymous as early as British colonialism and more contemporarily in newspaper ads dating back to the 1950s (Charles 2003).
Trauma, as defined by Merriam–Webster online, is a very difficult or unpleasant experience that causes someone to have mental or emotional problems
usually for a long time (Merriam Webster). Skin bleaching is a byproduct of deep–seated and haunting identity trauma inflicted by Europeans through
slavery and colonialism of the Americas and Caribbean. Due to this trauma, women have interpreted bleaching their skins as a way to increase their
sexual attractiveness. Colorism, as defined by Margaret Hunter of the Sociology and Anthropology Department of Mills College is "a function of
racism and social stratification, first introduced by Europeans during the colonization of the New World." Through colorism, an "institutionalized
hierarchy of complexion" was developed. Thus making skin color an identifier and a way to racially oppress those who have not assimilated (Hunter
2007). Similar to every country during

Jamaica Research Paper
The island of Jamaica is very rich in culture and has many historic turnabouts throughout the years. The country has a rich and complex history
including being the first country to have Arawak and Taino Indians settle there. The Arawak Indians of South America were the first people to settle
in Jamaica the named the island Xaymaca meaning land of wood and water. Christopher Columbus' first arrival was in 1494. Christopher Columbus'
son settled in Jamaica in 1509. During Spain's occupation on the island beginning in 1510 the Arawaks were killed off by disease, war and slavery.
Seven short years later the Spaniards brought the first African slaves to Jamaica. The king of Spain deeded the island to Columbus' family in 1536
until the 1620's... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In many ways the Jamaican accent resembles Cork a southern Ireland accent. Jamaican Standard English is grammatically similar to British
Standard English. The language also merges American English and British English dialects. Without music there would be no dancing. The most
popular form of music in Jamaica is Reggae, not only is it popular in Jamaica but also many other countries around the world. Reggae music has
produced many famous artists one of the most popular who has had a global impact is Bob Marley. Dancehall music is a variation of reggae and its
growing at an alarming rate. Reggae music has taken over as the main label for "Jamaican music." Jamaican folk music has come a from many
different sources over the years. The most notable influence would be from Africa, this has been broke up into three categories dance, religious, and
work/entertainment. Religious music has been influenced by Kumina, Pocomania, and Rastafari. This music is usually accompanied by drums and
chanting, songs can also include singing and other instruments. Other forms of music that are becoming popular on the island are rocksteady, ska,
soca, calypso, and jazz. In Kingston the fusions of the 90's continue to influence the 21st century and has created a new sound led by producers Sly
Robbie, Steven McGregor (son of Freddie McGregor), Daseca, Skatta Burrell, and Don Bennett. All these men have all forged a new mixture of
hip–hop,

Reggae Icons, Jamaican Culture, And Homophobia
Reggae Icons, Jamaican Culture, and Homophobia
"The world is in trouble/Anytime Buju Banton come/ Batty boy get up and run/ ah gunshot in ah head man/Tell dem crew... it's like/ Boom bye bye, in
a batty boy head, rude boy nah promote no nasty man, them hafi dead." The average member of the reggae dancehall culture knows the message that
this song is sending to its listeners. However, without a translation these lyrics do not mean a thing to someone who is not familiar with this culture
and the vocabulary of dancehall artists. Translated the lyrics read: "The world is in trouble/When Buju Banton arrives/Faggots have to run/Or get a
bullet in the head /Bang–bang, in a faggot's head/Homeboys don't condone nasty men/They must die."
These ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike North America where homosexuality has come to be more tolerated, there is no sign that it will be accepted in Jamaica.
On July 19, 1992, Buju Banton made headlines when his self–produced single "Boom Bye Bye" entered the music charts in the no. 15 position. Within
weeks of the release, Buju Banton was locked into the biggest controversy of his career thus far. After hearing the lyrics of the song the Gay and
Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) and Gay Men of African Descent (GMAD) accused the artist of gay bashing. GLAAD was strongly
against Buju Banton's song because it went against what they stood for as an organization. GLAAD is dedicated to promoting and ensuring fair,
accurate, and inclusive representation of individuals and events in all media as a means of eliminating homophobia and discrimination based on gender
identity and sexual orientation. The GLAAD also organizes the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community to respond to negative and positive
portrayals of their community in media, thorough their Monitoring and Mobilization program, in which they focus on studying and articulating
cultural and media–specific trends, issues and controversies.
True to its missions of improving the public's attitudes toward homosexuality and putting an end to violence and discrimination against lesbians and
gay men, GLAAD decided to expose Buju Banton's

Jamaican Culture Research Paper
The Culture of Jamaica
The culture of Jamaica has a strong religion, norms, values and lifestyle that governs the Jamaican people. "There is a rich culture in the island of
Jamaica. The people are friendly, the religion is strong, the weather is great, the music is loud, and the parties are wild." The mixed culture is caused
by an ethnically diverse society, arise from a history of inhabitants beginning with the original Taino people. In 1492 the Spaniards brought slavery to
Jamaica, then they were overthrown by the English in 1655. Jamaica then moved on to gain emancipation on August 1, 1838 which became a national
holiday in later years. African slaves became the cultural force as they tolerated and resisted the unpleasantly rough ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Dance has always been important to the Jamaicans, from colonial times until the present. Early folk rhythms and movements often enhanced Christian's
religious celebrations or were associated with Christian holidays. More recently, dances have become associated with the music of Jamaica, particularly
dancehall style. The dance derives from the music. Dancehall, or reggae music has inspired several dance styles as well. To understand the musical
progression. Music with fast beats, has fast dances. The slow rock steady also developed slower dances, allowing dancers to stay on the floor
longer. Reggae music plays a huge role in the Jamaican culture and the United States. Hip Hop and rap was founded on the grounds of reggae music
in the 1970s in the Bronx, New York. Americans liked the idea of our beautiful sounds amplified by multiple amplifiers and speaker boxes and made it
their own, they called it what you know today as hip–hop music a large part of American culture. Biggie Small, Heavy D, KRS1, and Busta Rhymes to
name a few are all from Jamaican descent. Jamaicans are contributing in every sphere of human activity, and distinguishing themselves in cultural
activities, such as music, and sports. In addition, Jamaicans have been accumulating significant quantities of wealth in assets in the USA and other

History of Jamaican Music
Crystal Hislop
Research Paper: Final Submission
Contemporary History
Professor: Sharon Rodriguez
2/19/12
The history of Jamaican music is inextricably intertwined with the history of the Jamaican people. Jamaica is the third largest island in the Caribbean,
and was initially populated by the Arawak people. Christopher Columbus "discovered" the island on his second voyage to the Americas, and it was
settled first by Spanish colonists, and later by English colonists. (Megan, R.)
Jamaicans possess a musical heritage that comes from their African and European roots. Reggae music is Jamaica's best sound. These thumping sounds
are rich and infectious and encompass expression ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rapping is, in fact, a method of creative expression. The thought that young people can participate in this form of creativity seems to have helped the
phenomenal growth of this genre of music and expression. Dancehall is an expressive routine that includes songs, poetry, films and fashion. This art
form gives young people the outlet of expressing themselves creatively. (Franksterr)
This is "old time" story telling in song and music. It combines African and latin rhythm, with anglo folksongs...and was very popular during the 1940s
and 1950s. Today it is used mainly to entertain visitors coming to the island...giving them a taste of what Jamaican music was like in the past. Listen
to it and you will most certainly feel the spirit of the "old" days. The stories it tell are usually simple and funny everyday happenings in Jamaican
life.The instruments are also very simple a gourd shaker, a upright bass, rumba box, fiddle, mandolin, ukulele, or a trumpet. My American friends tend
to hang around it for a bit and find themselves certainly laughing and moving to the beat. Ska is simply mento music moving to the next stage!
Musicians began playing around with the music – adding a little calypso here and there...a little American jazz, some rhythm & blues...and before
you know it ska popped out! This "new" rythm took the 1960 's by storm...until The "rude boys" of the time slowed the pace a bit, added a steady rock

beat...to

More Life Drake Analysis
Upon the release of Drake's newest project, More Life, I figured it'd be best to curtail any expectations I had; following the partial disappointment of
Views and the singles he released prior. Consequently, it surpassed each assumption that I didn't even have for it. Playlist, mixtape, album, whatever
the fuck you call it, this is one of Drake's most cohesive pieces to date. Hell, it's so cohesive that calling it anything but an album just seems downright
ridiculous, but it's evident now that no one's stopping him from doing whatever the hell he wants to. The world influence on More Life is impossible to
go unnoticed, consisting of features from some of London's hottest artists, Atlanta's hit–machines and a doozy of dancehall inspired gems; those of
which outshine the tracks he made when he'd first begun... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though this song has received the same radio treatment as just about every Drake pop smash, this one doesn't necessarily scream "Controlla" or
"One Dance". This cut seems far more authentic and even a bit reminiscent of "Feel No Ways", all the while feeling the sonic sensation of a bottle of
Malibu being poured down my throat. That same feeling is exposed to an even higher extent on "Blem", a breezy, lighthearted ode to smoking mad
kush; well, at least that what it means according to Urban Dictionary. I don't even know, it's just a fun word to spell. The return of T–Minus could not
feel anymore exhilarating, as he fills this lively joint up to the brim with groovy synths and a brilliant Lionel Richie interpolation. Drake, meanwhile,
receives no backlash for biting that dude from The Chainsmokers' flow on this track. Conversely, the controversy behind Drake stealing flows has
been all but silent as of late, resulting from using a similar cadence as now–liberated Florida rapper XXXTENTACION on his Soundcloud hit, 'Look At

Patriarchy In American Culture
Patriarchy like the dance hall text is broken down into bits and pieces. Patriarchy in dancehall music was almost a ideology or a way of thinking
that made the Jamaicans or people that listened conform to the social norms instructed through the music. It was the wave of dominance that and
referred to the way women and men should look, act, and also the roles one must play as a man or women in that society. It also takes a form a
racism and instills it into the minds of listener. The name of this is called phenotypical marker. By taking the skin, hair, and even body parts and
conforming it to more of a European beauty marker it cause a self hatred for a majority of the people in that culture. The lighter you are the more
educated/beautiful you

Essay on The Evolution of Reggae Music
The Evolution of Reggae Music
Reggae has sustained the test of time and remains one of the world's last genuine folk music. The evolution of Reggae music can be traced back to the
early 1900's with 'Mento', which is a simple music art form of Jamaican folk music with strong African roots. Reggae music is protest songs against
racism, corruption and injustice. It has close links with a religion based around the Bible that is re–interpreted from a black's perspective,
'Rastafarianism'.
The key features of Reggae music are the 4/4 time signatures, the emphasised beats 2 and 4 of each bar melody, the short repeated bass/guitar riffs, the
syncopation, the pentatonic/ major/minor/blues scales used, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first ever reggae tune was "Nanny Goat", by Larry and Alvin. Millie Small, and her debut single "My Boy Lollipop" was the perfect example
of the success that this new generation of peppy horn melodies and up tempo vocal sounds. "My Boy Lollipop" was the song responsible for creating
a massive explosion of Reggae music in the local industry. During the Reggae era, artists like Bob Marley, Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer, Jimmy Cliff,
King Stich and Burning Spear started to emerge and incorporate the offbeat syncopated music style of Reggae into their songs, transforming the
songs into popular hits. Bob Marley was born in 1945 and he first joined Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer to form 'The Wailers'. Then he produced his
own soul, rock steady (romantic soul), ska and close harmony 'doo–wop' style songs, for example 'Catch a fire' and 'I shot the Sheriff'.
With the war era of the 60's approaching, reggae finally took form with a mellow beat, conscious and emotional lyrics and bands that spoke the
words of the people. The spiritual influence of reggae captured fans worldwide and for the first time ever; reggae was a real influence internationally.
Bob Marley and the Wailers produced songs of hope and freedom that related to the wars happening between Vietnam. The song "War" by Bob Marley
and the Wailers impacted the world. These reggae musicians were the

The Negative Effects of Dancehall Music
I grew up in a rural parish in Jamaica, called Effort. However, I lived in Kingston with my mother and went to school there. I was fortunate to live a
life of complete freedom, having access to safe environments and a safe home. I have grown to love and appreciate my life in both my home and
school environment especially because I am constantly aware that there are young people my age who grow up in environments, like Rema,
Waterhouse, or Tivoli Gardens in Western Kingston who live in constant fear of some criminal act being committed against them or theirfamily. I am
also aware that this condition is not unique to Jamaica but this is a global problem whether in Soweto South Africa or Detroit Chicago, criminal
activity threaten the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This sacrifice has not gone unnoticed and it is her unselfishness that makes me believe that I don't steal or hurt or kill anyone for their goods or money
because I have a network of love and support that fuels my ambition and directs my energies sufficient toward a successful future. My mother's sacrifice
has value for some of those families in neighborhoods like the one close to my school because it can teach integrity and ambition. And if I have my
way, they will know my school is a support for their efforts.
I believe that this community, that seemingly threatens the security of my school, has young men and women who can be doctors and lawyers and
scientists and Prime Ministers and presidents as well. But we (myself included and those around me) have been crippled by our fears and the stigmas
that are historicized in the ways and lives and of those we describe as poor. I want to study the behaviour of criminals to find better ways to intercept
their attitudes and their actions. I don't think that the next generation of young girls at Wolmer's Trust Girls' School should live in fear from "potential"
or seasoned criminals. I intend to extend use our community volunteer programmes to build a bridge from my school to the community so that young
girls from this neighboring community may walk across the lawns of my alma mater as students.
Finally, I am an ambitious young woman who strives for the best. I am

Pros And Cons Of Drake
Drake's highly anticipated and unnecessarily hyped album has dropped, and it is disappointing when comparing it to his previous work. This follow
up to his mixtape, if you're reading this it's too late, is an emotional and spacey project, with drake seemingly riding the horse of fame to make his
music. The only half decent track is the opening track, Keep the Family close, having a simple melody to it, having drake express his feelings of
knowing who to trust. It gives off that emotional vibe drake had in "Take Care." It still features some struggle bars, such as_____, giving a sneak
peak to the rest of the disaster. The follow up tracks of the albu follow suit, progressively getting worse. The track "popstyle, a track that was released
prior

Being A Girl Child Was By Observation
1.To be honest, the only way I understood how my behaviors should be as a girl child was by observation. I watched TV and observed all the
women and men around me. I can say I wasn 't pursued to be one way or the other. As I grow up I wanted to wear less dresses and more shorts, do
daredevil things that boys do, play football, and basketball. I was considered a tomboy by my friends. I wanted nice tennis shoes, not sandals. At that
time, I wasn't thinking about my sexual orientation I just wasn 't interesting in play with dolls like most little girls I saw.
2.My parents and family members never influenced my beliefs about sexual orientation. The possible reason I was never influenced one way or the
other is because we have no one relatable in our family to spark up discussion about same sex situations. The only time I heard about anything related
to LGBT is in the church. My pastor at the time emphasized on how it was wrong to have any other sexual behavior except heterosexual behavior.
Moving forward I can speak on me as a parent and how I influence my children. When my daughter at the age of 15 expressed her interest in girls
that when discussions came up. First, that 's my daughter and I decided I will be supportive and love her whatever path of love she choices. I
recommended her to join some support groups at church because I still have that little seed in me that the pastor planted on how it is wrong to be
homosexual. My aunt was against her feeling and

Slaves Influence On American Music
Slaves influenced early Jamaican music; slaves brought the sound of drums, rattles and conch shells. Slaves during this time had a lot to express and
music was an outlet to allow other to feel the pain and strife they were going through during these times. Three developments of culture that are
influential to Jamaican are: traditions, beliefs and cognitive language, Traditions bring the customs beliefs passed down for a generation to another.
Music and traditions had a major influence of information was being passed from one generation to another. Many up and coming artist, some
underground artist used music a main form of communication within their families and culture tribes. In Jamaica there are so many beliefs and
cultures music was a way

Murda On The Beat Analysis
[Intro: Baka Not Nice] Murda on the beat so it's not nice [Chorus] For this life, I cannot change (change) Hidden Hills, deep off in the main (main)
M&M's, sweet like candy cane (cane) Drop the top, pop it, let it bang (pop it, pop it) For this life, I cannot change Hidden Hills, deep off in the
main M&M's, sweet like candy cane Drop the top, pop it, let it bang (pop it, pop it) [Verse 1] Drop the top, play hide and seek (yeah) Jump inside,
jump straight to the league (league) Take a sip, feel just how I breathe (it's lit) On freeway, but no, ain't nothin' free (straight up) Bend laws, bend lanes
Been bustin' bills, but still ain't nothin' change (skrt) You in the mob soon as you rock the chain (mob) She caught the waves just thumbin' through my
braids (alright)... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Heatin' up, baby, I'm just heatin' up (it's lit) Need ya love, not a need it is a must (yeah) Feelin' stuck, you know how to keep me up (yeah, yeah)
Ice it up, icy like a hockey puck (alright) [Chorus] For this life, I cannot change Hidden Hills, deep off in the main M&M's, sweet like candy cane
Drop the top, pop it, let it bang (pop it, pop it) For this life, I cannot change Hidden Hills, deep off in the main (yeah, yeah) M&M's, sweet like
candy cane Drop the top, pop it, let it bang [Verse 2] All the ones, all the chains piled on the mantle (yeah) All the dogs, all the dogs low creep right
behind me in the Phantom (it's

How Did African American Music Influence Jamaica
Relative to its size, population and economic standing in the international arena, Jamaica is arguably the most influential nation as it relates to the
propagation of music internationally. Jamaican music, primary roots reggae and dancehall can be heard on every continent in the world. Like most of the
Caribbean islands, Jamaican music is influenced by its African influence through the presence of the institution of slavery on the island, that of the
European colonizer and to some extent the Indians who were brought to the island during the indentureship period.
African Influence
Kromanti– contributed to the nation by the maroons, slaves who escape from bondage on the plantations and settled in the mountains of the island.
There they kept ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Revival/pocomania–An afro–protestant religion developed in Jamaican and the music associated with it. Pocomania music has tremendous influence
on both reggae and dancehall music.
Reggae– Developed from the late 60s and was in its heyday during the 1970s. The music developed from ska (the first truly indigenous Jamaican
music) which was then tempered down to rock steady in an effort to focus on calm and consciousness. Among the greatest performers of the art form
is The Wailers which was made up ofBob Marley, Bunny Wailer and Peter Tosh. The music became synonymous with the rise off the Rastafarian
movement and was used to promote the movement.
Dancehall Music– A Jamaican style of music which arose out of reggae in the early 1980s and is still popular today. Though the music grew of
reggae as a style it was very different. Whereas reggae's lyrics is based on consciousness, positivity and peace, dancehall through its lyrics perpetuated
slackness, gangster, guns and violence. Dancehall music was also considered to be artificial and manufactured as it was computer based unlike reggae
which was considered natural and produced live with groups

Haile Selassie Research Paper
In this wonderful world there are different type of religions and cultures that are all special in their own way. Some religions that are known across the
world are Christianity, Judaism, but most religions beyond that will sometimes get lost in the eyes of others. Some religions that are huge, but don't get
enough attention unless it negative or over romanced are: Islamic, Buddhism, Hinduism, Rastafarianism. As an anthropologist having a emic and etic
perceptive is needed as to get accurate, and authentic information, so emic mean looking inside the culture and having a personal experience with the
people; etic means to look from the outside and see how a certain culture interacts , and what they portray to the world. My focus of this paper ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yellowman was known for embracing the Hip Hop community, and was used in a sample of his voice for Easy–E major hit called "Nobody Move,
Nobody Gets Hurt". Yellowman was also involved with the Hip Hop scene, but was turned down by big names like. Notorious B.I.G. Tupac Shakur
because the styles were too different, and did not flow properly. A single that Yellowman came out with called "Them a Mad Ove Me" that was
explicit and popular talked about his sexual powers earned Yellowman some criticism in the mid– 1980's because of the explicit lyrics. His music is
was his drive to keep living as in 1982 Yellowman was diagnosed with skin cancer, and was told he only had three years to live that was however
proved to be inaccurate. When Yellowman found out he was diagnosed that did not stop is passion for music , or his drive to keep performing even
in 1986 he diagnosed with cancer that had spread to his jaw; Yellow man got jaw surgery , and still was able to perform. Thanks to Yellowman
influence of dancehall music, dancehall was transformed, and the changes were the type of instruments that are used and the artist that performed these
new genes like Hip Hop, and

Pop Queen Rihann An Overview
With the ascent of "work" by Barbadian pop queen Rihanna was able to collect 14th song to take the number one spot on Billboard's Top 100 list,
breaking her tie with Michael Jackson for the third–most number one singles (Thomas). Through countless successes as a solo female artist, she holds
8.5 billion views on YouTube and had sold over 215 million digital tracks worldwide (Roc Nation). Before releasing the album title 'Anti" under
the Westbury Road Entertainment (Owned by Rihanna) and Roc Nation Record, the leading single "Work" was released on streaming service
provided by Tidal on January 27, 2016. According to Nielsen Music, "Work" had sold over 126,000 downloads and the eighth studio "Anti" album
generated 4.7 million streams (Caulfield, Gary). To a new listener, Rihanna's "Work" full of slangs with offbeat and repeats the lyrics
simultaneously (Billboard). Some criticized that she spoke gibberish but Rihanna's "work" vocal quality is known to be a unique with a distinctive
tone. It's a chilled song that makes you want to be in tropical, soaked with touches of the Caribbean flow. One of the remarkable facts is that the song
Work is a dance hall/ reggae pop genre originating from Jamaica. (Billboard) The lyrics were written by Jahron Braithwaite (PartyNextDoor) a
Jamaican native, Rihanna and Drake. It was also produced by a Jamaican Canadian named known as Matthew Samuels (Boi–1da), Allen Ritter and
Sevn Thomas. Allowing her to be a widely_____. Inspired and sampled by

Forward Upward: The Teacher Appreciation Song
Best Known For: His Most Popular Songs (Tings Still Cool) "What Da Vibe Is", "Forward Upward", and "Serious Ting"
Hailing from Eight Mile Rock, Jones Town, "Papa Smurf" exploded on the music scene with his hit single "What Da Vibe Is" and went on to release
other hits songs such as "Forward Upward" Stop, Look, ListenВќ and "The Teacher Appreciation Song."
Growing up in Eight Mile Rock, Alvin had a real taste of island life, from shooting marbles at home and during lunchtime in the school yard to going
fishing with his father in his 12–foot aluminum dingy boat. From a young age his mother would line him and his two brothers up and ask them to sing
for her. But it was not until the age of Thirteen that he developed a strong interest in music,

Jamaican Influence On American Popular Culture
Jamaican music such as dancehall and reggae are very prevalent in Jamaican's popular culture because of the influence it has on the creator of the music
and the audiences. In addition, the relationship between Jamaican music and the creator/audiences is distinctly different than other types of music. one
main attribute of Jamaican music is how easily a person can relate to the lyrics and rhythm of the music. moreover, Jamaican music talks about real
world issues affecting society and how it influences the members of the popular culture on a deeper level than previous music. Jamaican artist that
creates the music has a deeper relationship with the music because they frequently sing about their own experience, being in the popular culture in...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This influence has led to the development of other type of music that takes from the same concept of talking about issues that the audience can relate
to. this connection then creates a special meaning to Jamaicans through the similar life experience of the artist and audience. Moreover, the artist has a
special connection to the music because they realize they can offer the audience something more than just entertainment, they can offer comfort and a
relationship that can help the audience overcome their struggles known that they are not alone. on the other hand, the connections between the
audience and the music is different than then connection between the artist and the music, the music is a part of the daily lives of the audience. The
audience look to the music to find comfort and to find advise on the struggle they face in life. Finally, there is a deeper meaning created by music from
the audience and artist perspective, which makes music a major difference in the popular culture in

O Brother, Where Art Thou
O Brother, Where Art Thou is an American film written by the Ethan and Joel Coen as a tribute to the Odyssey by Homer. While largely based on the
work of Homer the Coen brothers took liberties to fit American audience with American values. In short, the Coen brothers created an American
Odyssey filled with the highlights of the core values to American Culture, while paying tribute to the original source by rewriting some of the core
obstacles from the Odyssey so, they would fit into the story of O Brother, Where Art Thou. This includes the sirens, the group of beautiful women that
sing songs that lead men to their deaths. Cyclopes a sub human race who live on an island letting the world pass them by. The topic of discussion for this
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Volunteerism is shown by the old man not gaining anything from helping the trio nor does he ask for anything in return.
In the escape from the farmhouse scene, the trio makes it to Pete's cousins' house, where they hope they can spend the night with out incident. Only
to have their host hand them over to the police for the reward money place on them for escaping from prison. At first, Pete does not believe it was
his cousin that sold them out, believing that you do not betray your family. Then Pete's cousin says to them "I have to look out for my own". This
leads to an enraged Pete to refer to him as "Judas", for betraying him and his friends. This scene describes the concept of goodness of humanity in
American culture by showing the opposite of what it means. The goodness of humanity is almost uniquely American as compared to older societies,
in that Americans mostly assume that people are national good rather than evil. When the company and Pete first escape from prison Pete trusted his
cousin to keep them safe because they are family and breaking that trust would be wrong. But when the cousin of Pete breaks that bond of trust, Pete
is outraged that he did it, however, he is even more outraged at what Everett did. He stole a pocket watch that while he claims to have stolen it because
they were betrayed; Pete, on the other hand, claims that is not the

вЂњHistoric Low Prestige and Seeds of Change: Attitudes...
Reading an Academic Source: "Historic low prestige and seeds of change: Attitudes toward Jamaican Creole" Jamaican Creole (known to its speakers
as Patois) is a language of ethnic identification for roughly two and a half million people in the island of Jamaica, and overseas for many thousands of
native speakers. The origins of the Jamaican Creole postdate 1660, in the interaction of British colonists and African slaves. Jamaican language and its
place in society reflects the brutal history of Jamaica as a British sugar colony until Independence in 1962. Creolization in the broadest sense led to
emergence of new cultural and social institutions, including language, but the subordination of Jamaican Creole to English (the native... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Jamaican Creole has had a great history of low prestige. For example one theory of Creole genesis holds that, because salves were transported to
the West Indies from numerous different ethnic groups along the western coast of Africa, they acquired a simplified variety of English in order to
communicate with their British rulers and one another. Wassink continues in the article to address the "traditional view" of language attitudes of
speakers in Creole. She explains that where there is a lexical relationship between the Creole and the Standard English, the variety is perceived by the
layman as "good" and the non–standard varieties are "bad." This position reflects the general direction of prestige in postcolonial nations in which the
cultural values, systems of commerce and government, and the language of the dominant culture have all been regarded as more sophisticated than
those of the dominated. One of Wassinks main arguments is that this fails to explain why, if everyone agrees that the Jamaican Creole is "bad" or
"vulgar" and the standard is "good," there has not been more progress towards the elimination of the Jamaican Creole. Wissinks first main point is that
Creole speakers sometimes exhibit covert and over preferences. Social class proved to be a good predictor of language attitudes when speaker
judgments

Ska Music In Jamaica
Music is known to be a universal language and every human culture has music, just as each has language. At the same time, both music and linguistic
systems vary widely from culture to culture which is a universal feature of the human experience. Melody can contribute to the expression of emotion
in music. Thus, giving Jamaica full credit for ska music, which began organically in Kingston, Jamaica as a music of the people, schools, streets,
studios, dance halls and sound systems. This lead to an orchestrated push to use ska as a way to help develop Jamaica's tourist industry and help stable
the economy. In the early 1960s, ska was the dominant music genre of Jamaica, and we can thank the Alpha School for giving us musicians.
Ska music came around during Jamaica's independence in 1962, and Jamaicans got a taste of what would be known as ska music. This type of music
was a different sound from anything heard before, and Jamaicans could not get enough of it. This was considered the first Jamaican music to be
widely recorded in Jamaica, United Kingdom and Britain. Ska music is considered to be the precursor to rocksteady and reggae. This type of music had
elements mento, calypso, jazz, and R&B. In the 1960s, musicians Prince Buster, Duke Reid, and Clement "Coxsone" Dodd created sound systems.
They began to play American rhythm and blues and then began recorded their own songs. With the introduction to sound systems Jamaican bands
began covering American hits and began to take the

Effects Of Dancehall Music
As defined by Oxford Dictionary, music is vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony,
and expression of emotion. Music plays a powerful role in today's society. Music can be used by one for self– expression, entertainment or even
socializing with others. They are many genres of music but the most popular and dominant one nowadays in Jamaica is dancehall music. It began in
the late 1970s and has now impacted all different types of musical genres worldwide. Initially Dancehall was a sparser version of Reggae than the roots
style, which had dominated much of the 1970s. Dancehall music is by far the most popular music in Jamaica and has been for quite some time.
Though there are a wide variety ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the researcher, I will gain useful insight into the behavioural practices of my peers as it relates with dancehall music. The community will also
benefit, as they will also increase their knowledge about dancehall music, its origin and its effects.
Research Questions
1.What is dancehall music?
2.What effects does dancehall music have on the attitudes and values of youth at St. Andrew High School for Girls
3.What perceptions do young people have of dancehall music?
Definition of terms
Adolescent– the period of life when a child develops into an adult; the period from puberty to maturity terminating legally at the age of majority
Dancehall music– also called raga or dub, style of Jamaican popular music that had its genesis in the political turbulence of the late 1970s and became
Jamaica's dominant music in the 1980s and '90s.
Homophobic: having or showing a dislike of or prejudice against homosexual people.
Genre– a category of artistic, musical, or literary composition characterized by a particular style, form, or content
Misogynistic– strongly prejudiced against women.
Reggae– is a popular music of Jamaican origin that combines native styles with elements of rock and soul music and is performed at moderate

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