Affordable Care Act Research Paper

Affordable Care Act Research Paper
The Affordable Care Act and the Health Care Industry
"Health is the first freedom, for without health, other freedoms are diminished."
Now here in America, we have failed constantly on giving the American people solid,
affordable healthcare. The Affordable Care Act has affected the health care industry
because of the increasing amount of people being covered for health care, the
affordability of applying for healthcare, and the amount of profit being made by the
pharmaceutical industry.
First off, with the signing of the Affordable Care Act by PresidentBarack Obama,
there has been a large increase of people being covered for healthcare. "By 1995, more
than forty million U.S. citizens had no health care coverage, and another ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Despite expiring patents
on blockbuster drugs and a wave of new regulations from the Affordable Care Act that
will cost drug makers, the pharmaceutical industry will reap between $10 billion and $35
billion in additional profits over the next decade" (www.forbes.com). So for example,

when more people have health insurance, there might be likelihood that they will buy
prescription drugs, which will play a big role in the increase of profits for pharmaceutical
companies. A lot of pharmaceutical companies will likely support the ACA because their
profits will likely increase. "In 2009 Big Pharma agreed to contribute $80 billion towards
ObamaCare, largely by expanding the Medicaid discount to 23.1% from 15.1%"
(www.wsj.com). Generic drugs make up roughly 70% of all prescription drugs; the
profits will increase as the law continues to roll out in its form. Now the biggest winners
of the ACA are biosimilars, which is a biologic product that is an original copy of a
product that is manufactured by a different pharmaceutical company. Prior to
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The First Step Towards Lasting Campaign Finance Reform
Final Paper:
The First Step Towards Lasting Campaign Finance Reform
"You don 't put "vote Bartlet" in the ad, you can pay for it with unmarked bills from a bank heist if you want to."– Bruno Gianelli (Fictional character,
The West Wing, S03E06, "Gone Quiet")1
Debates about the just and proper financing of campaigns for public office can be traced as far back as the Federalist Papers. On one side are those
that believe any restriction in the frequency or amount of individual, corporate or union donations is an unconstitutional assault on the freedom of
(political) expression guaranteed by the First Amendment. On the other side are those that worry about the fair stewardship of elections. Do those with
the means to make more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to OpenSecrets.org,
"Super PACs may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, associations and individuals, then spend unlimited sums to overtly
advocate for or against political candidates. Super PACs must, however, report their donors to the Federal Election Commission on a monthly or
quarterly basis –– the Super PAC 's choice –– as a traditional PAC would. Unlike traditional PACs, Super PACs are prohibited from donating money
directly to political candidates."2
While Super PACs do need to make financial disclosures to the FEC on a monthly basis, their ability to take donations from corporations leaves them
amble room to leave the names of their end donors undisclosed. Many Super PACs report donations as coming from one or multiple 501(c)(4)
(politically active non–profit) organizations that do not have to disclose their donors. This is referred to as "the Russian nesting doll problem" among
campaign finance reform advocates.
It is worth noting that the rise of Super PACs and other forms of unregulated campaign spending is of concern to politicians too. President Obama, as
part of his 2010 State of the Union Address, said,
"With all due deference to separation of powers, last week the Supreme Court reversed a century of law that I believe will open the floodgates for
special interests –– including foreign corporations –– to spend without limit in our elections. I don 't think American elections should be

U.s. R And D Industrial Policy
U.S. R&D Industrial Policy While the United States touts free market policies as main guiding principles, U.S. policy makers have actively used
research and development (R&D) industrial policies to maintain and grow the U.S. economy. There are two types of R&D, also known as research
and experimentation (R&E), funding models; one is direct federal research dollars given to industry, typically for basic research, and the other in the
use of tax credits for R&D activities. Tax credit policies began in 1981 as part of the Economic Recovery Tax Act (Talley, 2011). The U.S. has
long funded R&D, however this funding has steadily decreased with the total in 1976 of just over 1.2% of GDP with dropping below .8% of GDP
in 2014 (AAAS, 2014a). As of 2013, South Korea, Finland, Japan, Taiwan, and Germany all outspend the U.S. on direct R&D funding relative to
GDP (AAAS, 2014b). The IMF and OECD indicate that R&D tax credits are a main growth strategy for the G–20 nations (IMF, 2014). This research
topics explores how the United States domestic industrial policies supporting research and development influence business and entrepreneurial
behaviors within the U.S., which industries has this benefited the most, overall societal impacts of advancements in technology and automation, and
finally how this supports comparative advantage for the United States as well as implications for developing nations. The U.S. Congress has funded the
R&D tax credit on a continual

Japan 's Legal System : Japan Essay
Japan's legal system, as overlaid by Junko Gono, et al, in their work, "Overview of Legal Systems in the Asia–Pacific Region: Japan," is based on the
civil law tradition, with its biggest historical influences being the civil codes of France and Germany as well as United States law (7). Though
considered a civil law country, one key aspect of Japan's judiciary goes against the standard template for a civil law legal system. Unlike other civil
law based countries, Japan's highest court, as explained by Jun–Ichi Satoh in his article, "Judicial Review in Japan: An Overview of the Case Law and
an Examination of Trends in the Japanese Supreme Court's Constitutional Oversight," has the power of judicial review, meaning that it can "determine
the constitutionality of any law, order, regulation, or official act" (603). It should be noted, however, says Satoh, that the Supreme Court rarely uses
this power of judicial review because of the work of the Cabinet Legislative Bureau, which provides "legal opinions to the Prime Minister and other
legislative officials and to review drafts of bills, regulations, and orders to determine if they are consistent with the constitution and legal precedent"
(605).
Junko Gono, et al, also provide a structural overview of Japan's court system. There are five levels of courts in Japan, including: The Supreme Court,
the high courts, district courts, family courts, and summary courts. The Supreme Court is the highest appellate court in Japan and is

Case Study : Legal And Ethical Issues
Solyndra: Legal and Ethical Issues Barbara Zimmerman BUSN311–D003 American Military University Professor Teresa Knox Solyndra: Legal and
Ethical Issues Dr. Chris Gronet founded the Solyndra Solar Company in 2004. Gronet is prominent in the Silicone Valley for being a technological
genius, celebrated for his innovations in alternative energy (Weiner, 2012). Less than a year later Solyndra was solicited by the United States
Department of Energy, who was very interested in investing in the "clean" alternative energy that Solyndra promised, and the business soared.
Solyndra's practices made headway and even caught the attention of President Obama. But by 2011 Solyndra had declared bankruptcy and became the
core of one of America's largest business scandals. Throughout this paper I will discuss the legal and ethical issues surrounding Solyndra's business
practices and offer examples as to how the philosophy of Milton Friedman may have influenced the company's executives. Dr. Chris Gronet was the
epitome of a Silicon Valley high achiever. After receiving his decorate in semiconductor processing from Stanford's School of Engineering, Dr. Gronet
founded a startup and jointly filed multiple patents in semiconductor manufacturing (Hull, 2011). Solyndra began as a thriving solar energy company,
earning the company a $535 million loan guarantee from the Department of Energy within a year of its conception. It may have been the ferocious
competition, the drop of silicon

Fundamental Analysis of Pharmaceutical Stocks
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Fundamental Analysis
Fundamental analysis is a technique that attempts to determine a security's value by focusing on underlying factors that affect a company 's actual
business and its future prospects. On a broader scope, you can perform fundamental analysis on industries or the economy as a whole. The term simply
refers to the analysis of the economic well–being of a financial entity as opposed to only its price movements.
Fundamental analysis serves to answer questions, such as:
Is the company's revenue growing? * Is it actually making a profit? * Is it in a strong–enough position to beat out its competitors in the future? * Is it
able to repay its debts? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. The data which is useful for the fundamental analysis are lacking in this Project that are still in negotiation or any kind of deal which is in–process.
Thus, that is ignored by the study. 3. Due to lack of experience and knowledge of the pharmaceutical industry it can't be said that the projection has been
made totally correct and accurate. 4. Today's stock market is totally running on the investor's perceptions so the conclusion derived on the basis if
fundamental analysis would not viable in long run.
INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
INTRODUCTION
The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry has come a long way from being almost non–existent in the 1970's to being one of the largest and most advanced
Pharmaceutical industries in the world.
The domestic Pharmaceutical output has increased at a CAGR of 13.4.Currently the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry is valued at $ 8 billion
(approx).Globally the industry ranks 4th in terms of volume and 13th in terms of value. It provides employment to millions and ensures that essential
drugs are available to the vast population of India at affordable prices.
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry has attained wide ranging capabilities in the complex field of drug manufacture and technology developed through a
range of governmental incentives and the industry has been declared a knowledge based industry. This Industry is a highly organized sector and is

United States Copyright Laws
In its beginning, the United States based its code of laws on the British Law (Moser & Slay, 2011, 16). Connecticut passed the first state copyright
bill: an Act for the Encouragement of Literature and Genius in 1783 (Moser & Slay, 2011, 16). By 1786, twelve out of the thirteen states had passed
copyright statutes. However, the fact that each state had its own copyright laws created inconsistency and inconvenience for enforcement from one
state to another. A federal copyright law was necessary. On March 1783, the Continental Congress drafted the Constitutional Copyright Clause, which
gave to the federal government the power to pass copyright laws (Moser & Slay, 2011, 17). The clause stipulated that the goal of theUnited States was
to promote ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The gramophone began to replace the phonograph (Bargfrede, Mak & Feist, 2009, 4). In 1903, Monarch Record Label brought the first release of
pre–recorded music on discs records (Bargfrede, Mak & Feist, 2009, 4). While fighting over patents for these new technologies, producers such as the
Columbia Phonograph Company and the Gramophone Company, gave little thought to the ownership of a performance contained on these mediums
(Cummings,

Health Care Analysis Essay
Health care reform has been a big topic since the Clinton administration when First Lady, Hillary Rodham Clinton, took it under her belt to devise a
new system. Health care is the provision taken to preserve mental and physical health using prevention and treatment. Compared to other health care
systems in the world, the United States is ranked 37th in terms of care, claims Michael Moore (2007). Ironically, our health care system spends more
than any other nation on its patients, averaging nearly $8,000 per person (DiNitto, 2012). With soaring costs, it is no surprise that one in every seven
Americans are uninsured (Kaiser, 2011). Even with these sorry figures, statistics show that 85% of Americans are satisfied with their health care... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rather, our mentality reasons, "I paid for my child's dentist visit, why can't this child's parents do the same?" How must we protect our values without
losing our culture? The preexisting satisfaction our nation currently has, allows our patient–focused health care system to prevail. Yet because of the
trifling, non–satisfied citizens, the system must be adjusted. Using our current system, we must expand coverage by cutting expenses and seeking
justice. We need to implement new laws that reform Medicaid, protect clients, and monitor prices. Expanding coverage will cost money simply because
health care expenses are high. Health care costs are high for multiple reasons. Inefficiency is happening because doctors lack resources that inform them
about their patients' past tests and prescriptions. This costs time and money. According to Furchtgott–Roth (2009), former chief economist at the U.S.
Department of Labor, ten cents of every dollar paid to the doctor goes to his or her malpractice insurance. These rates are so high because there is
no cap on the amount of money a doctor can be sued. Doctors even fear being sued for doing "too little" in the patients' eyes. Because of this, doctors
end up running unnecessary tests and prescribing unneeded drugs. Medical News Today acerbates that health care is so expensive because we spend
$147 billion per year on problems that

Key Characteristics Of The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
Chapter–1
Introduction to Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
1.1 Introduction
The Indian pharmaceutical industry holding the top most position among all science based technology spread with wide ranging of technicalities in the
complex field of drug manufacturing and drug innovations. The Indian pharmaceutical industry stands fourth in terms of volume and attained the
fourteen in terms of value. Export of Indian pharmaceutical industry works as a fuel for the growth of the industry. The Indian pharmaceutical industry
is exporting in almost all developed countries and facing the severe competition and government price control regulations.
In the last two decades, Indian pharmaceutical industry has expanded significantly. It has more than 250 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For preventing the black– marketing and maintenance of supply of Essential Commodities Act, 1980 is being enacted by the state governments. This
enactment of the act empowers the state governments and central governments to detain any person who is involved in these activities. The central
government and the state governments have the power to revoke the detention orders. 1.10.1.2 Patent Act 1970, Product Patent Act 2005:
Intellectual property is the creation of the mind. Hence it is a different kind of property/ property that is intangible, so required a different kind of
protection. Intellectual property is the body of law which protects the creative invention of the person who has disclosed the creative invention of the
benefits of the mankind from those who can copy or imitate the idea.
A patent is the grant from the government for the limited span of time for making, selling and marketing the product for which a patent is granted.
Patent Act1970, rules, 1972, and amendments act 2005 protects the product of the creative mind. This is a grant for 20 years. This act ensures that
drug should be available at reasonable price to the consumers. There is also some provision to meet the public health emergency. Revocation of patent
for the public interest is also on the security side.
1.10.1.3 National pricing Policy,

The Cost Of Health Care
Traditionally the American health care system relied heavily a repayment model referred to as fee–for–service which is described as a form of
repayment that generates a greater emphasis on the volume of patients seen rather than healthy outcomes produced under a physician's care. The
fee–for–service repayment method poses multiple issues such as: duplicating services which in turn renders some of the services unnecessary,
utilization of expensive technology because of the revenue generation rather than as a valuable diagnostic tool and crowding caseloads to an
unmanageable level in order to achieve highest level of reimbursement. The aforementioned events not only have the possibility of being unethical but
also drive up the cost of health care in the United States. Currently, health care costs have not only increased, but the Office of the Actuary projected
that U.S. healthcare spending will make up nearly 20 percent of the economy in 2019. One would argue that if as a country we are spending so much
on health care that we should be a "healthier" nation, but this is not the case. Even though America continues to be the largest spender on health care,
collectively we experience a lower life expectancy rate compared to other industrialized countries (hfma.com, 2011, p. 2). To assist with climbing health
care rates healthcare purchasers have called for repayment reform. One such reform that has been on the forefront is Value–Based Health Care (VBH),
also known as outcome

Essay about Health Care: A Nation in Crisis
The United States of America is current facing a financial crisis of biblical proportions. The central to this crisis is the catalyst of health care costs.
Most American's spend over half of their yearly income on their health. Only a tenth of the nation's population has health insurance and a chronic or
prolonged illness can and does bankrupt people. Without a plan for the salvation of the national, as well as the citizen's economic wellbeing, we all
will go bankrupt. It will take the entire leadership of this nation, along with individual efforts is needed to prevent this catastrophe from coming to true.
President Baraka H. Obama, along with the 111th United States Congress enacted, "The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act",... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
What, when and how to buy or sell things is managed by this principal. In a free market the absolute power to prices determines the allocation and
distribution of goods and services. Therefore a true Free Market economy has very little to no government regulation. (Schansberg 27–58) "Anyone
who knows history, particularly the history of Europe, will, I think, recognize that the domination of education or of government by any one particular
religious faith is never a happy arrangement for the people." – Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (born October 11, 1884–dead November 7, 1962) was Civil
Rights advocate, the First Lady and wife of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt of the United States from 1933 to 1945. (Moncur, 2010) The
government in the United States of America has been active in regulating and financing health care ever since the Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New
Deal programs implemented in the thirty's. The New Deal Welfare, Public Works and re
–disruption of wealth programs of this era have shaped today's
crisis. The enactment of personal taxation (excise taxes, personal income taxes, inheritance taxes, corporate income taxes, holding company taxes and
so–called "excess profits" taxes) tripled federal taxes rolls from $1.6 billion in 1933 to $5.3 billion in 1940, financing the welfare programs of the New
Deal. According to the Cato Institute based in Washington D.C. and partner

The Indian Business Environment Before Completing The...
India is a massive country known as a leader in cultural diversity, and also has the second largest population in the world. India has been opening its
business environment to welcome foreign investors as well as foreign companies. The pharmaceutical industry in India has become one of the most
attractive investment places in the world, which is estimated to be worth US$20 billion, and expected to grow over about 15 percent per annum
(IBEF, 2016). Moreover, the country ranks very high in the third world, regarding technology, quality and range of medicines manufactured, as stated
in the book written by NPCS Board (2013). Therefore, in order to start a pharmaceutical business and be successful in India, we will analyze the Indian
business environment before completing the business plans and strategies.
The pharmaceutical company would be affected in so many ways by the political environment, which constitutes all the factors related to government
aspects such as government's policies, attitude of government towards different groups of societies, politicians interests, the ideologies of several
political parties, and policy changes implemented by different governments etc. Hence, this lead to the result of the Indian business environment is
impacted by multivariate political factors (Suman, 2010). The taxation system in India is well developed owing to the three–tier federal structure,
including the Union Government, the State Governments, and the Urban & Rural Local Bodies.

An Encouragement for Small Businesses
Encouragement of Small Business
Introduction
The Congress has the authority to impose requirements for the federal procurement policies. Through the acquisition process, the government procures
goods and services from diverse players. The process consists of three phases that are, acquisition planning and need recognition, contract formation and
contract administration. Federal acquisition regulation (FAR) regulates the activities of the government in the procurement process. The system does
not regulate the activities of the private sectors, but it affects the operation of private firms incorporated into the federal government by way of
solicitation and reference of contracts. Congress, on the other hand, imposes requirements on private sectors whereby, agencies of the government
obtain goods and services from private individuals or sectors. One of these authorities comes to be when congress exercises its mandate by promoting
subcontracting and contracting with small business entities (Columba, Gambacorta & Mistrulli, 2010). Declaration of these measures by congress
ensures that small business entity gets a chance to contract with government agencies. Congress should aid, assist, protect, and counsel small business
entities to ensure their survival in the market. Congress mandate ensure that there is fair competition in the procurement market within agencies and in
ensuring that there is fair proportion set aside for small enterprises. Small entities need not only be

Should Marijuana Be Legalized For Medical Purposes?
According to government surveys, about 25 million Americans have smoked marijuana in the past year. More than 14 million do it regularly.
(NORML: Working to Reform Marijuana Laws, 2015) Marijuana has been the topic of much discussion these past decades. The main factor of
discussion is whether or not to legalize it and the outcome it would have on the states. Some states have already legalized but for medicinal purposes
only. Much research has come out in this decade that marijuana just isn't for your average drug junkie but it can be for someone who is going through
cancer treatment, has anxiety, or has constant seizures. While there are some people who believe that marijuana is a gateway drug and if it is
legalized for medical purposes... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marijuana has been used by humans for at least five thousand years and govern or band for the last seventy years. Hemp fibers have been found in cave
dwelling excavations throughout Asia. Marijuana's popularity grew from India, to Europe, and then to the New World, where it was used by the
early settlers as an economically useful fiber crop. Early drafts of the Declaration of Independence were even written on hemp paper. (Stewart, 2009)
With marijuana being a much discussed topic these past few decades; medical journals are not the only thing that has been affective by its sudden
popularity but also pop culture has taken its fair share of influences from this mind altering drug. Music, literature, news and even Hollywood have had
their fair share of prominence of this drug feature within itself. Musicians have either featured cannabis in their music videos, have made entire songs
about smoking it, talked about it in interviews, or have been seen smoking it. Some actors and actresses of Hollywood have become advocates of
legalizing marijuana. There are scenes in TV shows and movies where the characters are smoking cannabis or talking about getting high. There was
even a whole TV series about marijuana called Weeds with an entire plot about marijuana. (Zelizer, 2014) Literature has even taken hit from the oh so
popular hypnotic

Application Of Formal Ipr Laws
Introduction
Since 1979, China has formally begun acknowledging and protecting Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). However, despite the implementation of a legal
framework consisting of three national laws passed by the National People's Congress, China is still renowned for its intricate copycat culture, a
mentality in which copying is not necessarily frowned upon and at times is even respected, and the lines regarding what consitutes intellectual and
public property are often hazy. This paper will therefore aim to explore–– to what degree is IP protected in China? In order to answer this question, it is
necessary to fully examine the legal infastructure that has been created to formally and judicially protect IPR. This includes first considering the nature
of IP protection prior to the introduction of formal IPR laws, followed by examining the 3–fold legal system that has been implemented including the
Trademark Law, the Copyright Law and the Patent Law. It is finally also necessary to understand the Chinese copyright culture, what this mentality
entails, and to what degree is it still accepted in China.
Part 1: IP Protection Prior to IPR Laws
Primarily, in order to fully grasp the impact of the implementation of IP laws in China, it is necessary to first establish to what extent IP was protected
prior to their introduction. Despite the fact that the current official legislation enacted is no older than 29 years, there is evidence of regulations
concerning intellectual

Lenovo
Analysis of Lenovo 's competitive strategies and how can it adapt its core competencies to external changes? Executive Summary Lenovo, a personal
computer manufacturing company, has been one of the leading corporations in the PC industry for over 20 years since the company foundation. The
brand has been popular among the PC consumers over a long period of time and its reputation reached a peak level especially after acquiring the
Personal Computing Division of IBM. The new business acquisition enhances the brand awareness by using the IBM branding and improves
technology of Lenovo that enables Lenovo to compete with the current giant corporations such as Hewlett–Packard and Dell in the industry and to
possess a market share of 19% in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, as one of the largest domestic personal computer manufacturers in China, it has the support of government which forms parts of the unique
resources of Lenovo. In terms of the capabilities, firstly, Lenovo provides the engineers with lots of trainings. Secondly, Lenovo is good at encouraging
the employees and the different kinds of incentive schemes are adopted in the company. Moreover, Lenovo does well in market segmentation and its
market positioning is accurate and suitable. It mainly positions in low–end market in which the cost effectiveness is consumers ' greatest concern. With
its Value Line G Series product which particularly focuses on the high cost effectiveness, this operation strategy attracts a large amount of consumers
who would like to pursue practicability and entertainment with low price. Furthermore, after obtaining the new technology by the acquisition of the
Personal Computing Division of IBM, Lenovo launched a new product named Ideapad which mainly aims for the high–end market. Lenovo has a large
market share in China and India which are the huge consumer markets in the world. The large demand of the consumers leads to the mass production
which leads to the economies of scale and minimize the costs. Besides, Lenovo continuously improve the customer service which contributes a lot to
their reputations and they pay more attention to meet the consumer preference in terms of service personalization

Gsk Annual Report 2010
Do more, feel better, live longer
GlaxoSmithKline Annual Report 2010
Contents
Business review P08–P57 Governance and remuneration P58–P101 Financial statements P102–P191 Shareholder information P192–P212
Business review 2010 Performance overview Research and development Pipeline summary Products, competition and intellectual property Regulation
Manufacturing and supply World market GSK sales performance Segment reviews Responsible business Financial review 2010 Financial position and
resources Financial review 2009 Risk factors Governance and remuneration Our Board Our Corporate Executive Team Governance and policy Dialogue
with shareholders Internal control framework Committee reports Remuneration policy Director terms and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Website GlaxoSmithKline's website www.gsk.com gives additional information on the Group. Notwithstanding the references we make in this Annual
Report to GlaxoSmithKline's website, none of the information made available on the website constitutes part of this Annual Report or shall be deemed
to be incorporated by reference herein. Cautionary statement regarding forward–looking statements The Group's reports filed with or furnished to the
US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including this document and written information released, or oral statements made, to the public in
the future by or on behalf of the Group, may contain forward–looking statements. Forward–looking statements give the Group's current expectations or
forecasts of future events. An investor can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They use
words such as 'anticipate', 'estimate', 'expect', 'intend', 'will', 'project', 'plan', 'believe' and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with
any discussion of future operating or financial performance. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, prospective products or
product approvals, future performance or results of current and anticipated products,

Johnson and Johnson Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Johnson and Johnson have revolutionized the way people think about health care, and has easily become the pinnacle of success by doing so. Pioneers
of the health care industry and overall human health and well being, Johnson and Johnson is guided by its "Our Credo" and founding principle that
"doctors and nurses should use sterile sutures, dressings and bandages to treat peoples wounds" (Johnson and Johnson – Our History).
Most of Johnson and Johnson's success can be attributed to its emphasis on decentralized management, which allows for greater focus as the company
blankets 250 countries across the world (Johnson and Johnson – Strategic Planning). For the last 120 years, Johnson and Johnson have been on the
forefront of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[pic]
Figure 2. 2006–2009 Revenue, Expenses, And Income Figures For All Business Segments
Ratio Analysis
Financial ratios provide a means to analyze the operations of a company in comparison to its industry and its historical results.
Liquidity Ratios
Johnson and Johnson has a current ratio of 1.8X which is the same as the current ratio for the industry. The quick ratio is 1.6X compared to the
industry's 1.4X provides further evidence of the company's liquidity. This will provide needed working capital necessary to develop new products and
finance potential acquisitions. (Ventureline)
Johnson and Johnson's receivables turnover ratio is currently 6.4X and mirrors the current industry average. It is also higher that it's three major
competitors: Merck & Company, Novartis AG, and Pfizer, Inc. This high ratio indicates an efficient collection of credit sales, which minimizes the
wait before funds are received and available for use.
Inventory turnover is currently at 3.6X and slightly better than the industry average of 3.5X. It is also nearly twice as high as its three major

competitors. This provides a competitive advantage since there is not a high level of inventory that could be deemed obsolete due to new drug
developments or decreased potency. In addition, capital is not tied up in maintaining inventories that do not provide any return.
Debt Ratios
The current times interest earned ratio for Johnson and Johnson is 25.1X compared to the

Close The Border To Immigration
The United States should largely close the borders to immigration!
The "drug war" in northern Mexico is one gigantic bloodbath. The Mexican government says that as many as 28,000 people have been slaughtered by
the drug cartels since 2007. A very significant percentage of those deaths have happened in areas right along the U.S. border, and yet our federal
government still sees no reason to get serious about border security (The Economic Collapse). Even though Immigrants can help the economy with jobs
that the united states citizens won't do or don't know how to do, Close the borders in the united states because ISIS members can get in and take over
our government and we should help the people of the united states citizens the before immigrants, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the National Venture Capital Association, immigrants have started 25 percent of public U.S. companies that were backed by venture
capital investors. This list includes Google, eBay, Yahoo!, Sun Microsystems, and Intel. According to the Small Business Administration, immigrants
are 30 percent more likely to start a business in the United States than non–immigrants, and 18 percent of all small business owners in the United States
are immigrants. Increased immigration to the United States has increased the earnings of Americans with more than a high school degree. Between
1990 and 2004, increased immigration was correlated with increasing earnings of Americans by 0.7 percent and is expected to contribute to an
increase of 1.8 percent over the long–term, according to a study by the University of California at Davis. According to the Census Bureau, despite
making up only 16 percent of the resident population holding a bachelor's degree or higher, immigrants represent 33 percent of engineers, 27 percent of
mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientist, and 24 percent of physical scientists. Additionally, according to the Partnership for a New
American Economy, in 2011, foreign–born inventors were credited with contributing to more than 75 percent of patents issued to the top 10
patent–producing universities. Comprehensive immigration reform could support and create up

Solving The European Model Of Reference Pricing
To reduce the incidence of this problem, a two–tier solution is most likely to work given the fact that both consumers and producers have concerns that
must be addressed. First, the government must regulate and reduce pharmaceutical prices in some manner to increase their affordability. And second,
the government must reduce the costs for pharmaceutical companies to compensate for the loss of profit brought on lowering profit margins. By
addressing both consumer and producer concerns with the simultaneous implementation of these two strategies, both parties, pharmaceutical companies
in particular who have influential lobbyists at their disposal, would be more likely to support reform. For the first step, the US may find a solution in the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, the price of insulin, a life–saving and medically necessary drug to prevent death, costs somewhere between $100 and $400 per month on
average. (Gordon) By implementing reference pricing, pharmaceutical companies would be legally obligated to price their drugs at the reference price,
creating a pseudo–competitive market that keeps prices affordable for consumers of the healthcare industry. There is no doubt there will be resistance
from the pharmaceutical companies as with lower prices comes lower profits.
However, there are counterarguments to pharmaceutical companies' rationale for keeping drug prices high and in the face of those counterarguments,
pharmaceutical companies may be forced to accept greater government regulation. Research has shown that marketing costs, through TV
advertisements, direct marketing to physicians etc., actually exceed those for research and development. Knowing that the public would deem
marketing to be a self–serving cost that is not justifiable as a cost that is passed on to consumers, pharmaceutical companies have tried to disguise the
real source of their costs, and label marketing costs as research and development (Rovner). Furthermore, as shown by Europe, reference pricing has not
been shown to adversely affect or reduce research and development. Despite Europe's

Meaningful Use For Nurses : Implications And Recommendations
Meaningful Use For Nurses: Implications And Recommendations Name DeVry University NR 512 Prof. Date Meaningful use has been defined as
any tool or technology that adds value to improving the lot of patient care and patient administration; as a result of Meaningful Use (MU)
legislation that provides incentive payments to hospitals and other providers that use certified electronic systems and encode clinical data with
standardized terminologies (Dykes & Collins, 2013). It can also be defined as a set of standards that have must be adhered to by health care
providers that wish to continue to receive incentives under these Medicare and Medicaid MU programs. These metrics can be found on the Centers
for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) website. The use of IT in the healthcare field has been a strategic focus for necessary improvement that
stands to enable more cost effective, higher–quality, and far safer patient care according to the Committee on Data Standards for Patient Safety (2003).
The National quality forum conceptualized the idea of meaningful use to the nursing fraternity and believed that they were the most critical link in
patient care and health delivery and hence technology tools of EHR would be best used by them The purpose of the electronic health records was to
improve the health of population, coordination of care, safety improvement in patients undergoing critical and long term care, and patient and family
engagement in timely access of

The World Trade Organization : Roles And Impacts On India
The World Trade Organization: Roles and Impacts on India
The World Trade Organisation (WTO) has become central in the field of global governance. Since the global body was created in January 1995, it has
expanded its operations into more than 140 sovereign states (Gupta, 2006). The body has been tasked with; the development of trade rules, governance
structures to ensure that there is fair play between trading nations and to alleviate poverty in underdeveloped nations through implementation of
policies. However, unintended consequences are common in field such as economy and India has experienced this by signing the WTO. Even though
WTO plays an important role in India, it still has negative effects. Therefore, what can be done are expected suitable solutions to resolve non
favourable impacts.
With command in over 140 sovereign states, the fundamental role played by the trade organisation is the progressive opening and regulation of
markets. The primary mission of the organisation is to open markets gradually while ensuring that the rules and policies are respected (Gupta, 2006).
Secondly, the World trade Origination acts as conductor and tribunal. Theinternational trade is governed by rules and regulations developed by WTO
member countries (Van den Bossche & Zdouc, 2013, p107). Therefore, members must apply these rules when engaging in trade activities between and
amongst themselves. As a tribunal, the WTO settles disputes that arise from trading activities between its

The Battle of Bosworth Field and its Effect on Government...
The Battle of Bosworth Field took place on 22 August 1485; it was between the army of Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond and King Richard III. It was
the 16th and penultimate battle of the War of the Roses. It was crucial to the outcome to the war and the history of the world to come. The battle of
Bosworth Field effected England, through the military, as peace was brought to England after centuries of war, politically as Henry VII came to the
crown, beginning the Tudor dynasty, with Henry VII revolution of Government, and Socially with the reformation of the Church in England with a
split from the Catholic Church.
The War of the Roses were a series of Civil Wars from 1455– 1487, they were fought between the House of Yorkand the House of ... Show more
Henry Tudor left France on August 1 with 2,000 men and gathered more men as he travelled through Wales; by the time of battle on the 22nd of
August he had a 5,000 strong army (Hickman, 2009). Richard III had an army of 10,000 men. Henry had sent messengers to Lord Stanley and Sir
William Stanley requesting assistance, they both agreed to desert Richard III during the battle. When both Stanleys swapped sides, this turned the
numbers in favour of Henry's army. The battle only lasted approximately 2 hours ending with Richard's death and Henry Tudor, despite being 13th in
line for the crown at the time, was crowned King Henry VII.
Richard's army charged downhill to meet Henry's. The Stanley's observed from the south before joining Henry in battle, being able to overwhelm
Richard III army (Hickman, 2009). It is not completely certain where the battle took place but it is thought to have been near Dadlington and Ambion
hill (as seen below).
The main military effects of the battle of Bosworth Field were that it brought to an end centuries of conflict; before the decades long War of the
Roses the Hundred Years war took place between England and France, the English people on the whole were tired of fighting and most accepted
Henry as King, a small army fought under the name of York in 1487 in the final battle of the War of the Roses but were defeated (Gormley, 2008)..
Along with the end to

Regulatory Agency Paper
Regulatory Agency Paper Annamarie Jenkins April 2, 2012 HCS/430
Federal Drug and Food Administration "The Federal Drug Administration is an agency within the Department of Health and
Human Services. The FDA organization consist of the Office of Commissioner and four directorates overseeing four core functions of the agency:
Medical Products, and Tobacco,
Foods, Global Regulatory Operations, and Policy, and Operations" (FDA, 2011). The FDA... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This agency consist of nine centers and office, each department has a Deputy Commissioner who has to report to the Commissioner of the FDA.
Within each of these departments have directors and assistant commissioners who report to the deputy commissioners. These departments have their
particular job to keep his or her superior informed of any possible dangers with food or drugs including cosmetics. The FDA is duty bound to follow
regulations and laws to ensure the safety of consumers by communicating them to the Commissioner and then to the Department of Health and Human
Services.
Day–to–Day Operations The responsibilities of the Federal Drug and Food Administration is to ensure the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics. The
day–to–day operations of the FDA occur within the Office of
Operations. This office provides the leadership for operational activities, interaction, and execution of programs initiated by the commissioner. The
Officer of Operations (OO) had the authority to delegate direction, regulating documentation, ethical, and conflict of interest matters.
The OO provides advises to the Commissioner on various management and business activities of the agency. Plans, directs, and coordinates financial
programs and furnishes financial reports regarding the status of these programs. This office oversees the establishment and implementation of
programs and policies, ensure that they

Mba Spring2011 Merck Sample Group Project
DELAWARE STATE UNIVERSITY (MBA
– Spring 2011) Strategic Management Case Study Executive Summary:3 Current Vision4 Current Mission4
Values5 Current Strategies:6 Developed Vision7 Developed Mission7 Reason for new mission8 SWOT Analysis9 External opportunities:9 External
Threats:10 Financial and Operating Performance Analysis11 Close Competitors11 Ratio Analysis11 Key Industry Ratios14 Operating Profit margin14
Net Profit margin14 Current Ratio14 Return on Assets15 Debt/Equity Ratio15 Inventory Turnover Ratio15 Revenue Growth16 Market Share16
Internal Strengths16 Internal Weakness20 External Factor Evaluation Matrix21... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We also work to improve animal health. All of our actions must be measured by our success in achieving these goals. We value, above all, our ability
to serve everyone who can benefit from the appropriate use of our products and services, thereby providing lasting consumer satisfaction. We are
committed to the highest standards of ethics and integrity. We are responsible to our customers, to Merck employees and their families, to the
environments we inhabit, and to the societies we serve worldwide. In discharging our responsibilities, we do not take professional or ethical shortcuts.
We are dedicated to the highest level of scientific excellence and commit our research to improving human and animal health and the quality of life. We
strive to identify the most critical needs of consumers and customers, and we devote our resources to meeting those needs. We expect profits, but only
from work that satisfies customer needs and benefits humanity. This depends on maintaining a financial position that invites investment in
leading–edge research and that makes it possible to effectively deliver the results of that research. Our ability to excel depends on

Essay about United States Patent Office as a Government...
The United States Patent Office ("USPTO") faces criticism from its users and legislators that the timeliness of the patent process and ultimate quality
of issued patents are inadequate. In order to address this criticism Congress made several changes to the authorities of the USPTO in the last decade
and considered more changes in 2009. Nevertheless, problems persist and some stakeholders argue that reorganizing the USPTO as a government
corporation would best alleviate these problems by broadening its authorities even further and releasing it from external constraints. The USPTO had a
backlog of over one million patents at the end of 2008. Given the rapid pace at which technology currently evolves, demand for patents is only... Show
This paper begins with a brief discussion of the problems that the USPTO currently faces. Next, it describes the proposal that the USPTO become a
government corporation and how this proposal might alleviate the problems identified in section one. The third section describes the USPTO's current
status as a PBO and how this status both differs from a structure as a government corporation and is inadequate to fully solve the problems identified in
section one. The fourth section presents and analyzes pending legislative changes to the USTPO, which might grant it similar authorities as a
government corporation. The next section describes the specific structures some proponents propose for structure the USPTO as a government
corporation and key legislative steps necessary to do so. Finally, the paper concludes with an analysis of the proposal.
I.Problems at the USPTO
Since the very first patent issued, the public's demand for patent protection steadily increased. In 2008, the USPTO had over one million pending
patent applications. The USPTO sought to increase its workforce by 1,200 employees per year in order to meet this growing demand. However, the
USPTO competes with the private sector for talent and, since government practices in hiring and promotion are more cumbersome than private

Policy Analysis : Analysis Of Influeutical Monopolies
Policy Analysis Employing big–scale medical patenting legislation to fight abusive pharmaceutical monopolies (like discussed in the third perspective
of the Literature Analysis and the second article in the Media Analysis) is not a new trend. These powerful laws have been around since the late 1900s,
starting with the prominent Bayh–Doyle Act of 1980 that allowed the government to exercise "march–in rights". The next milestone bill was the
Leahy–Smith America Invents Act (AIA) of 2011, or the "Patent Reform Act", which regulates patents of all industries and "represents the first major
legislative adjustment to the U.S. patent system in decades" (Dobson). This demonstrates the symbolic purpose of this bill of bringing hope to ... Show
In these letters, the AMA frequently suggested why certain amendments of the 2011 act should fit protocol and ___________.
Finally, the political stream of this act refers to party alliances on an issue and voices of oppositional advocacy groups, like Gilead. Pertaining to this
stream, the AIA act was a bi–partisan act passed with an overwhelming majority. Both political parties, Democrats and Republicans, believed that
reform in the patent industry was important, because "this legislation [was] a key component for both Democratic and Republican jobs agendas" (Press
Release). This Obama–administered law negatively affected the entire patenting industry and major oppositional advocacy groups, like Gilead (as
discussed in the CNN article in the Media Analysis), fought the change so that the "final" determination may be reconsidered [14] and then still
appealed in court" (Morales). This quotation from Morales highlights the web of interactions between political parties and major oppositional advocacy
groups in the political stream to help shape policy.
Based on the roll out of this social condition, one can see that the target population is the group of people affected by the bill. Despite diversified
agendas of the three streams, all the activists and

Illegal Immigration Solution
Why do people desire to come to the U.S. to live illegally, from one place to the next, work in low wages, never challenge to show off their face
because they are afraid they would get caught and deport? Why do people desire to leave their country, the area where they grew up, know language,
culture, and have their families there? People leave their country of origin, come to a completely different place, live illegally because back to their
native land, they cannot make a living. People come to the U.S. to hope for a better living conditions, or basically only a survival chance. Immigration
means to come to a foreign country for the purpose of job, permanently or both. Illegal immigration happens when people actions are going against the
guidelines required during or before the immigration process. Moreover, illegal immigration is a tremendous problem that is prevalent nowadays. The
U.S Government has been trying to find a solution to this issue for the past years. The United States approved the Immigration Reform and Control Act
in 1986, which allowed the Government to punish American companies that consciously employed illegal immigrants. (Nadadur, 1037). The Control
Act has been unsuccessful in controlling illegal immigration. Immigrants are a vital part of the U.S., workers contribute to its overall productivity
growth, and advancement. Without immigration the U.S workers would begin to decrease, because immigration increases the size of the workforce. It
also changes

The Health Care System in US: Overview and Challenges
The Health Care System U.S. World Complex Name Institutional Affiliation Date: The Health Care System U.S. World Complex 1. From the video,
assess how regulations in the U.S. impact the claims and facts presented in this video. Hypothesize where you think the biggest opportunity will be for
pharmaceutical companies. After watching the video, I have realized that intellectual rights protection is based on the foundation of R&D investment,
which are also the building blocks of the pharmaceutical industry. There is adequate evidence to proof that intellectual rights in the form of trademarks
and patents are very significant in the pharmaceutical industry as is compared to any other industry. This may be caused by the fact that copyrights on
prescription drugs are a better effective measure for increasing the limitation costs than copyrights on other commodities. The value of copyright
protection relies on the duration of exclusivity. Although the lifespan of copyrights is predetermined by international treaty at 20 years from the filing
of the copyright application, the actual period between gaining market approval and patenting, the significance of the copyright is much less than 20
years. Evidently, both the EU and the U.S. enacted special provisions legislative, which extended the pharmaceuticals patents' life. As is the case with
America, the Waxman–Hatch Act increased the copyright protection based on name–brand drugs with up to five years, but still it also puts

Immigration & Health
IMMIGRATION AND HEALTHCARE: ISSUES, CONCERNS, AND CHALLENGES FACING THE NATION. Martin Kwesi Hinneh
–Luther
Instructor: Professor Neil Mathur HC 491: Senior Seminar in Healthcare Management May 8, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––3 I.
Introduction–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––5 II. Statement of the
Problem–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––6 III. Significance of the Study––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––6 IV.
Definition of Terms–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––7 V. Review of Related
Literature–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––8 VI. Analysis of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5. What impact does the new healthcare reform have on immigrants? 6. What are the challenges in healthcare reform for immigrants? 7. Would
healthcare reform encourage or discourage the influx of immigrants? My intent is to try and investigate these issues with an independent mindset
and let readers draw their own conclusions. Significance of the Topic This topic has generated long and serious debates across the country. Even
after it was recently passed into law, many are still contemplation on it. I believe this topic has been on the dining table of most Americans. This is
because it is very vital not only to the sustenance of the economy but also to the well being of the citizens of this great nation as a whole. Many
have received death threats, etc when this bill was passed. According to an article by Huffington post dated March 25, 2010, Colorado Senator Mark
Udall on Thursday became the latest member of the Colorado Congressional delegation to receive a threat of violence this week for supporting health
care reform. The arrest of a California man accused of making criminal threats against U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has triggered a heated debate
about whether America 's conservative media – particularly Fox News – is fomenting potential violence against high–profile Democrats. Brooksville,
Florida – Capitol Police and the Hernando County Sheriff 's Office is investigating a death

The Criminal Practice & Justice System in India
Research Methodology: THE CRIMINAL PRACTICE & JUSTICE SYSTEM IN INDIA
THE CRIMINAL PRACTICE & JUSTICE SYSTEM IN INDIA
CONTENTS
Introduction and organisational context
The Department
The history of Bombay High Court
The History of Supreme court New Delhi
The Department's of Indin Criminal law
3.1. The Indian Penal Code
3.2. The Code of Criminal Procedure(CrPC) in India.
3.3. The Indian Evidence Act.
The debate issues in bombay high court – case laws
Aim, objectives and outputs
1.AIM – Murder; sec 300 to sec 307
2.Objectives – Bail; sec 436 to sec 450 2.1. Bailable offence 2.2. Non–bailable offence
Literature Review
3.1.Successes of Practice in Criminal Justice system.
3.2. The Failures of Practice in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is remarkable that, for about 60 years thereafter, the High Court managed to pull on with just 7 Judges, although with advancing years, the laws
and the litigation both multiplied. There were no indications that this limited Bench was found inadequate to cope with the work, till about 1919.

With the armistice at the termination of the First World War, there was sudden spurt of litigation in the City of Bombay. The number of Suites filed
on Original Side, which during War had dwindled down to about 500 rose to about 7000, that the Prothonotary found it difficult to prepare daily
boards for 3 Judges. It was only then that an additional Judge was demanded and was grudgingly granted . Bombay was lucky or unlucky in having
at this crisis a Chief Justice of exceptional caliber, Sir Norman Mcleod, who instead of multiplying Judges preferred to massacre suits and appeals.
The Charter of the High Court also made it the supreme and final court of appeal in all cases, civil and criminal, decided by inferior courts, except
such as possessed the requisite importance, pecuniary or legal, demanding a further appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.
Ever since the Constitution of the Privy Council as the Court of ultimate appeal from British India by a Statuette of 1833, the bulk of its business was
from Indian appeals; so much so that for Indian appeals, a Judge or a lawyer of

FDA Regulation Considerations
FDA Legislation Considerations Dating back to 1906, the U.S. Food and Drugs Act spearheaded the regulatory functions of the Bureau of
Chemistry (predating the FDA), to regulate drugs and medical devices in order to prevent consumer harm (Shi and Singh, 2013). As regulatory
functions evolved, manufacturers conducted safety tests on products before they were marketed, and the FDA would intervene only if someone
was harmed from a drug or medical device (Shi and Singh, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to analyze two FDA drug and/or medical device
legislations during the 1900's, and discuss their impact today. Chosen from a summary of FDA legislation from Shi and Singh (2013), I have chosen
to discuss The Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
FDA legislation began under the Food and Drugs Act of 1906, and regulatory legislation followed throughout the 1900's, bringing about legislation in
1996 to address the advancements in technology in the coming 21st century. As this paper gives a brief history of FDA regulation, and summarizes
the Safe Medical Devices act of 1990 and the FDAMA 1997, it provides a lens into how external forces (legislators) can influence the safer and more
efficient products produced in the health care

Social Issues
Business Brief The problem of state presence in socio–economic life has always been and will be the subject of heated discussions among economists,
sociologists and political scientists. This issue is not only an ideological one, but also of significant importance for the state functioning. It is
undisputable that the implementation of particular tasks by the state turns out indispensable for the functioning of society, however, in terms of market
existence the underlying advantages, to be discussed below, are much less favorable. The classification of social regulations In the course of the recent
50 years the decrease of economic regulations is quite noticeable while the social ones present an increasing tendency and have been... Show more
licenses, patents. State intervention at private markets generates costs, unpredictable consequences and is often more damaging than purposeful. The
state frequently builds obstacles preventing economic growth. In many cases state regulations raise company functioning costs, slow down
decision–making processes and limit access to resources necessary for the production of goods and the provision of services. Finally, it is the
consumer who suffers unfavorable effects of such regulations. One of the negative side–effects, in terms of the state interference in the social sphere,
are administration costs covered by the state budget and spent on running and supporting federal agencies. Another negative factor takes the form of
bureaucratic inclinations presented by clerks in creating regulations the objective of which is often lost among inadequate requirements, the maze of
rules difficult to overcome for consumers and entrepreneurs in order to meet due requirements. Additionally, entrepreneurs themselves are trying to
extend the scope of regulations by seeking ways to use them to their own advantage. The costs to be covered by entrepreneurs refer to the necessary
documentation, accounting and legal advice, employing consultants and experts, the purchase of necessary equipment, but also the cost of waiting time
for indispensable

Health Care Case Study
Health care reform continues to be an ongoing topic throughout the Unites States. A continuous focus remains on the restructuring of the delivery
system. According to Si and Singh
(2015) cost, access and delivery of care are three major aspects of a healthcare system and the
United States (US) has a unique system unlike any other in the world. Specifically, the US does not have a government run health insurance program
that entitles all citizens to have health insurance automatically. Additionally, the system does not function as a well–integrated network of elements
that complement each other, instead a fragmented structure is currently in place.
Without equal access to healthcare through a uniform insurance platform, citizens struggle to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2009, the Children's Health Insurance Program
Reauthorization (CHIPRA) was approved by Congress and signed by President Obama. The reauthorization expanded funding for children's coverage
by $33 billion in federal funds over a
4.5–year period through 2013 and the ACA extended federal funding of CHIP through September
2015 (Raphael & Giardino, 2015).
Additionally, in January 2014, the ACA legally requires insurers to cover individuals with preexisting conditions and required the companies to charge
everyone in the same plan the same rate (Hass, 2013). According to Shi and Singh (2015), prior to 2009 individuals with preexisting health conditions
could not easily obtain health insurance in the individual health insurance market. Specifically, individuals were either denied coverage or could not
afford what was available to them.
The quality of care that is provided to patients is among one of the biggest focal points in regards to US healthcare systems. Healthcare organizations
are being held accountable for the quality of the care that is provided to their patents. Additionally, due to the fact that there are penalties related to poor
performance as a result of changes set forth through the ACA, organizations are utilizing different strategies to ensure

UK
COUNTRY ANALYSIS REPORT United Kingdom In
–depth PESTLE Insights Publication Date: May 2010 OVERVIEW Catalyst This profile
analyzes the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental structure in the United Kingdom. Each of the PESTLE factors is
explored on four parameters: current strengths, current challenges, future prospects and future risks. Summary Key findings Strong democratic system,
but the threat from terrorism continues to be high The UK adheres to a democratic, parliamentary system of governance known as the Westminster
system. The structure of the administration ensures that there is an adequate separation of powers between the executive branch, led by the prime
minister, the bicameral... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A recent study ranked the UK in the top three locations worldwide for eight scientific areas, including biological sciences, environmental research, and
clinical, pre–clinical and health research. The UK is also renowned for the quality of its research and development (R&D), and persistently builds on its
strengths in science and innovation. The country has traditionally been keen to encourage R&D in both the public and private sectors. However, the
authorities face the unenviable challenge of striking a balance between keeping the distribution of indigenous technology profitable and maintaining a
competitive advantage. Business legislation encourages commercial activity; however, traditional liberties are affecting changes to legislation The
legislation that affects the business environment in the UK has been created and amended in such a way that the interests of investors are generally
given priority. This is evident from the fact that domestic and foreign players have shown a continuous commitment to investing in the country. The
majority of multinational corporations that are based outside of Europe but have a presence on the continent establish their European operations in the
UK. However, the government faces the challenge of maintaining traditional liberality of the country 's society while at the

The Patent Reform Act Of 1952
The Leahy–Smith America Invents Act, passed on September 16, 2011, was the most significant reform to the patent system in the United States since
the Patent Act of 1952, which redefined the patentability of patent to include being nonobvious in addition to new and useful (1). The demanding need
for patent reform had been discussed and debated frequently both within the literature focusing on patent trolls and consistently in Congress with the
introduction of many patent reform acts that were never enacted: the Patent Reform Act of 2006 at the 109th Congress, the Patent Reform Act of 2007
at the 110th Congress, and the Patent Reform Act of 2009 at the 111th Congress (2–5). The enactment of the America Invents Act in 2011 after the
failure of previous reform attempts signifies its importance in addressing the pressing issues of the United States patent system. The America Invents
Acts specifically aimed to confront problems that were impeding innovation: the ever–increasing expense of the patent process, the exploitation of the
patent system by patent trolls, and the unnecessary complexity and inefficiency of the patent process as a whole. Although the process of obtaining a
patent–patent prosecution–of minimal complexity costed on average approximately $10,000, the most expensive part of the patent process was patent
litigation–the legal process for patent infringement (6). The average cost of patent litigation for a patent case claiming $1 million to $25 million

Disney Theme Park to India
Disney Theme Park to India Abstract: This report is aim to analyze profitable adventure of The Walt Disney Company to set up Disneyland theme park
in India. As one of main emerging markets in Asia, India might be the next destination for The Walt Disney Company to target on. Therefore, this
report uses a series of marketing tools to demonstrate the macro–environment and micro–environment in India, such as PESTEL, SWOT, Porter's Five
Forces Model and Self Referencing Criteria. Based on this analysis, the current situation of India shows an attractive prospect to Disney in terms of
economic and technological development, the diversification of culture, and the acceptance of Disney products and services. Introduction: India with its
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, both the Country Profile (2005) and Business Asia (2010:10) highlight that although the fundamental political keeps stable, the efficiency
of political is low. The cause of this existed problem is that the national parties weakened gradually while the regional parties which influenced by the
coalition government strongly (Business Asia, 2010:10). Current President is Pratibha Patil. (BBC News, 2011). As a result, India began to conduct
a relatively free liberal market reform. Nonetheless, because of the interests of coalition government members are dissimilar, the speed of market
reform is limited (Business Asia, 2010:10). Economic Analysis India's economy is the fourth largest GDP in terms of purchasing power parity (Gupta
and Gupta, 2008:68). Table 1: The Growth of GDP in India from 2003–2008 From 2003–2004 to 2006–2007, annual Real Growth Rate increases from
8.4% to 9.7%. Because of the summer's credit–market crisis, the Indian GDP Growth decrease to 9.0% from 2007 to 2008 and Indian government
estimates GDP Growth for 2008–2009 is 7.1%. The decrease of GDP ascribes the global financial crisis which affects India primarily through trade
and capital outflows (The World Bank, 2008:16). On trade, exports are possible to weaken and make its contribution to GDP growth may be drop
sharply. However, during

Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
http://www.blurtit.com/q200168.html http://www.blurtit.com/q200168.html Disney Theme Park to India
Disney Theme Park to India
Abstract:
This report is aim to analyze profitable adventure of The Walt Disney Company to set up Disneyland theme park in India. As one of main emerging
markets in Asia, India might be the next destination for The Walt Disney Company to target on. Therefore, this report uses a series of marketing tools to
demonstrate the macro–environment and micro–environment in India, such as PESTEL, SWOT, Porter's Five Forces Model and Self Referencing
Criteria. Based on this analysis, the current situation of India shows an attractive prospect to Disney in terms of economic and technological
development, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Social Analysis
The Indian society is divided into three classes: lower class, middle class and upper class (Driver and Driver, 1987). According to Beteille (2001,
cited in Mawdsley, 2004), the economy driver, as well as the major consumer group in India is the middle class, which is driving the economy towards
success and development. Furthermore, referred to Misra (1961), the number of the middle class has been increased explosively during the last decade
and the characteristic in India is its diversity in terms of language, religion and caste. In other words, India has the most diversity of middle class in the
world through calculation (ibid). To the constraints on growth and distribution of wealthy part, firstly, the faster agricultural development can raise the
overall rate of growth. Secondly, the distribution of income in industry and agriculture can affect the growth rate through its effect on demand and
consequent have effect on industrial investment (Dutt and Rao, 1996).
As mentioned by the table in the American Marketing Association (2006), India has higher COL (collectivism) scores, PDI (power distance) scores
and LTO (long–term orientation) scores as well as MAS (lower masculinity index) scores and UAV (uncertainty avoidance index) scores than the United
States, which

Intellectual Property: An Important Asset in the Current...
Intellectual property is an important asset in the current knowledge economy. Intellectual property typically covers the areas of Copyright, Patents and
trademark law. In recent years, firms have chosen to protect software based patents commonly used in smartphones. The use of patents to protect
software–based technologies has increased exponentially in the past 10 years since the introduction of the iPhone in 2007 by Apple. Empirically, there
is no clear correlation between patent protection and economic growth (Iwaisako and Futagami). However companies are investing more in the
protection and acquisition of intellectual property to gain a monopoly and competitive advantages. For the main this paper will concentrate on the
protection of IP. Yet, the benefits of acquisition strategy of IP should not be ignored. It is itself blended in the fabric of protection strategies. Protection
strategies allows for the acquisition of IP which in turn fosters economic output and innovation.;
Protection
IP Protection fosters innovation and innovation activities. Protective strategies enhance a firm's competitive offering. Patent protection strategies
described by Mazzoleni and Nelson (1998) align with the neoclassical view of organisation and profit maximisation. Increased protection of IP allows
companies to create a strategic advantage. The protection offered in IP systems such as patents fosters innovation and innovative activities. IP systems
secure R&D investment, which is

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