2. INTRODUCTION
• Many diseases affect kidney function by attacking the
glomeruli, the tiny units within the kidney where blood is
cleaned. Glomerular diseases include many conditions
with a variety of genetic and environmental causes.
3. MAJOR CATEGORIES
• Glomerulonephritis (gloh-MEHR-yoo-loh-nef-RY-tis)
describes the inflammation of the membrane tissue in
the kidney that serves as a filter, separating wastes and
extra fluid from the blood.
• Glomerulosclerosis (gloh-MEHR-yoo-loh-skleh-ROH-sis)
describes the scarring or hardening of the tiny blood
vessels within the kidney.
4. • Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that causes
your body to excrete too much protein in your urine.
• Nephrotic syndrome is usually caused by damage to the
clusters of small blood vessels in your kidneys that filter
waste and excess water from your blood.
5. • Nephrotic syndrome causes swelling (edema),
particularly in your feet and ankles, and increases the
risk of other health problems.
• Treatment for nephrotic syndrome includes treating the
underlying condition that's causing it and taking
medications.
6. • Hematuria is defined as the presence of 5 or more red
blood cells (RBCs) per high-power field in 3 of 3
consecutive centrifuged specimens obtained at least 1
week apart.
• Hematuria can be either gross (ie, overtly bloody,
smoky, or tea-colored urine) or microscopic