Devil In The White City During The Gilded Age

Devil In The White City During The Gilded Age
The Gilded Age was known as a time that increased the growth of America's economy. Both, the
rich and poor accumulated wealth during this period, which started in the 1870's and ended in the
early 1900's. Eric Larson's book, Devil in the White City, portrayed that the United States began to
experience manifest destiny, a rise in economic power, and modernity due to individualism during
the Gilded Age.
"Manifest destiny expressed a utopian vision of the United States" (Heinkin, 323). In the book,
Daniel Burnham's creation of the World's Fair represents manifest destiny. This fair attracted people
from all over the world. Railroads became expanded leading more people to Burnham's fair. The
more people that came into America, the more need for expansion was supported. Chicago
"revealed to its early visitors a vision of what a city could and ought to be" (Larson, 247). Chicago
was one of the many cities that represented what the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The fair did more than simply stroke pride. It gave Chicago a light to hold against the gathering
dark of economic calamity" (Larson, 288). The U.S. experienced the worst panic of its time. The
railroad, which was the biggest industry, had collapsed because of the Panic of 1893. In the period
of the panic, the wealthy were rarely affected, while the middle class went insane, taking money out
of their accounts. Burnham and Holmes, on the other hand, were giving America a rise in economic
power. People were still coming to the fair to escape the anxiety the depression brought upon them .
The people that stayed at Holmes' hotel were also trying to flee from reality all while walking into
an unexpected death trap. Though while one man is trying to run a business and the other is a
psychopath, both contribute to the economic expansion in America. Their businesses trade
relaxation for money and expansion. These big and small businesses help the U.S. economy regain
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Federal Reserve Act Of 1913: Central Banking System Of...
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 is an Act of Congress that created and set up the Federal Reserve
System, the central banking system of the United States of America. It created the authority to make
Federal Reserve Notes (also known as the U.S Dollar). The act was signed by President Woodrow
WIlson.
Before the Federal Reserve Act was passed, the U.S tried many different things to create a banking
system that worked. The first paper money was made to finance the American Revolution. The
money was called "continentals". The fiat money notes were issued in such quantity they led to
inflation, which, though mild at first, quickly accelerated as the war progressed. In 1791, congress
created the First Bank of the United States. It was the

1983 Apush Dbq
James McManus Mr. Colameco AP United States History 7 January 2013 Example Document
Based Question Nearly all of the reasons for agrarian discontent in the late 19th century stem from
three areas: land, transportation, and money. The farmers were fighting the perceived threats posed
by monopolies and trusts, railroads, and the demonetization of silver. The American farmer during
this period already had his fair share of problems which, compared to the success of the
industrialized businessmen, resulted in much of the animosity between the two groups. The fact of
the matter was farmers had entered a viscous cycle. Wheat and cotton, once the staples of American
agriculture were selling at such low prices that it was almost impossible ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As crop prices fell, farmers were forced to mortgage their lands and take out loans in order to grow
more and more crop just to break even. When these tactics were ultimately unsuccessful, the banks
closed in and quickly foreclosed on the farmers estates. These mass foreclosures led to a belief
among farmers that they were all slaves to their "eastern masters" and that only the freedom of
unlimited silver would release them from their shackles. One can see the argument from the farmer's
side. The banks gave out loans with exorbitant interest rates simply because they could. From 1865
to 1895, the population had risen by close to eighty percent whereas the amount of currency in
circulation had only gone up by about sixty percent. With this deflation, the farmers were paying
back double and triple the amount of money that they had originally borrowed. With free coinage of
silver, these loans would be balanced and the farmers could suddenly afford their mortgages. This
argument for silver was made famous by William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold'' speech at the
democratic nomination convention. Bryan would not rest until the Crime of 1873 was rectified.
McKinley however shows the counter argument towards this radical inflation. Coining silver would
be a temporary stay of execution for the farmers. It would not make farming any more profitable,
but would only cheat the banks out of money that the farmers had agreed to pay them. The farmers
were

The Panic Of 1873: The Rise Of The Populist Party
The rise of the Populist Party, better known as the People's Party all began during the panic of 1873.
Agricultural prices in the United States began to decline, this was caused by the country's shift from
American farm life to one in which industrialists such as big business dominated the nation's
development. The Political party was created by American farmers, the economy of farmers had
suffered; many of them believed that the processing of the currency was at fault and that the
government's currency policy was determined by the Eastern bankers and big corporations. The
populists nominated former Greenback Party member James B. Weaver. In addition, the Farmers'
Alliances wanted for railroad regulation, tax reform, restricted immigration, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In the 1896 election, democratic and Populist Parties nominated William Jennings Bryan. The
Republican candidate was William McKinley of Ohio, who was nominated on a platform that
endorsed the gold standard. The Democrats, however, nominated William J. Bryan of Nebraska,
who ran on a platform that emphasized stricter federal regulation of railroads and trusts and
supported Free Silver. (Tanenhaus 78) When the Populists met in St. Louis, some believed that if
they supported Bryan they risked losing their party identity, while others felt that if the party
nominated its own candidate, they would ensure a McKinley victory in November. With McKinley's
election, Populism collapsed, burying the hopes of the farmers. Finally, the Populists decided to
nominate Bryan for president but named their own vice presidential candidate The result was
William McKinley had defeated the Populist candidate. (Tanenhaus 80) However, both the
Democratic and Republican Parties adopted much of the Populist program, from the federal income
tax, to the direct election of senators, to banking reform. Populism may have died, but it had put in
place powerful rural, labor, and urban constituencies for the reforms that made America

JIM CORW LAWS Essay
In 1865, four million Americans who were called slaves simply because they were born black, were
now free with an expectation that they would enjoy all civil liberties. The post–Civil War period of
Reconstruction provided freedmen with various rights, but in little over a decade, the promise of
emancipation and equal rights was gone, replaced by rigid system of laws designed to keep blacks
from experiencing any of their newly achieved rights, which is known as the era of Jim Crow, the
American form of racial Apartheid that separated Americans into two groups: whites, the so–called
superiors and blacks, the inferiors. The phase that began in 1877 was inaugurated by withdrawal of
Union troops from the south that would leave the future of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Negroes were allowed to travel in common streetcars, trains and carriers with other whites. This
system would take thirty to forty years to take the form racism. Besides, Jim Crow was not just a
system of discrimination based on race; it was a legal system, backed up by United States Supreme
Court in cases such as Plessy v. Ferguson and sustained by thousands of local states and ordinances.
In 1883, in the Civil Rights Cases, the Supreme Court invalidated the Civil Right Acts of 1875,
which had outlawed racial discrimination by hotels, theaters, railroads, and other pubic facilities. In
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896, Supreme Court gave its approval to state laws requiring separate facilities
for blacks and whites, reasoning that segregated facilities did not discriminate so long as they were
'separate but equal.' John Marshal Harlan, a Kentucky lawyer, objected the Supreme Court's
decision in Plessy v. Ferguson case. He believed that the decision was unconstitutional as it
interfered with the "Personal Liberty" of the people; and believed racial segregation as a badge of
slavery. He regretted that Supreme Court that was supposed to guarantee this right is actually
denying people of the right. The roots of Jim Crow can

Reform Movements of the Late 1800s
American society began to change in the late 1800s with movements like the Grange and Alliance.
These reform movements resulted in a new idea of populism–reformation in the interest of the
farmer. The late 1800s in American society gave way to challenges like the farmers role in society,
railroad regulation for crop transportation, and economic problems about coinage that created
discontent among the American farmers; culminating in the Populist movement were reform efforts
like Munn vs. Illinois and the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890. The Populist movement arose
with a sense for farmers of where they belonged. Many farmers believed that they were not getting
enough credit for what they do for society. Doctors take care of America's health and bankers take
care of America's money. Farmers began to advocate the fact that they feed all of America
(Document A). This evolved into a platform for the newly formed Populist Party. Moreover, racism
seemed to arise in a whole new manner. It was essentially holding America back both economically
and politically. America, by the farmers' point of view, needed to focus on the economic problems
that the whole country was facing (Document B). Due to this "everyone needs to work together"
attitude, farmers created the National Colored Farmers Alliance. Farmers began to reform society to
show their role in society. Transportation of their crops through railroads was a large challenge
creating discontent among the American farmers.

How Did Jp Morgan Help The Government Out Of The Panic Of...
In the 1890's, J.P Morgan was famous for helping the government out of the Panic of 1893. While
doing this, he made a lot of extra money in the process. This caused a lot of negative controversy in
the public, and the people began to doubt the government's liability. From the book Grover
Cleveland, a Study of Courage, the author comments, "hard handed Americans believed that
Cleveland... had sold the credit of the republic to the Morgans... and had pocketed a share of the
price. Their vituperative anger was additional evidence of a sectional and class bitterness"(Nevins
665). This shows the side of the story from the perspective of an American citizen. On top of that,
Morgan refused to tell the public how much money he made from helping the ... Show more content
What Morgan was doing was using his power to gain control of all railways and, this resulted in
stopping other companies from trading along these railroads. This made companies very upset, and
that the fact that this entire incident was illegal forced Morgan to close one of his companies down.
As a middle class citizen, this would make you wary of all of Morgan's other monopolies also,
because if he almost got away with one illegal act, what else could he do? On another note, Morgan
dominated certain insurance companies, and was again using his power and wealth to end up
making the people pay for his expenses. In an article discussing this, "They[Morgan's company] had
$50 million a year to invest–money given by ordinary people for their insurance policies". This is
just another example of how J.P Morgan used other people's money for his own self. If you begin to
think in the public mindset, the phrase, "They control the people through the people's own money",
begins to make sense. This all connects to a political cartoon showing Morgan controlling a machine
labeled "Wall Street" that was controlling the people's money and forcing an American citizen to
work for the company at the same time. Overall, Morgan used tactics that were only for himself, and
negatively impacted society.

The Five Goals Of The Populist Party
7. The Populist Party was created in 1892 in a convention in Omaha by white farmers. This party's
main goals was to have representations and equality, but a specific goal was to have silver coinage
thus encouraging the mass printing of paper money and circulating currency, this would benefit all
Americans because the poor would now have some money and the wealthy who had gold had more
money because gold is more valuable. The second goal of the populist party was to settle a
graduated income tax which was first placed on the rich. This income tax would go to lower the
McKinley tariff which taxed farmers for their equipment, another benefit was that it would act as a
balance between the rich and poor where they world both pay the same rate of tax. The third goal
for this party was to have the decision of direct election of senators because they wanted to resolve
issues in government with democracy. This would allow Americans to vote for politics and have a
direct vote. The fourth goal of the populist party was for the government to have ownership of
transportation such as railroads. The western farmers hated the railroads because of the unfair
exploitation in the cost of shipping their products, and the costs depended on each railroads' owner
to decide the price so the populist wanted an even and fair railroad system. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Populist party was successful due to their ideas to improve America, the coinage of silver and
income tax eventually were adopted. Competing with the Republican and Democratic Party it acted
as a third party and wise option to farmers who sought to change the laws with railroads. But the
dissolution occurred in 1896 when they elected William Jennings Bryan as their president a
democratic candidate who took majority of the votes to the Democratic Party. With the rise in prices
for farm equipment which did not help but made matters worse, and the fact that the party could not
get urban supporters to vote diminished its members eventually leading to its

Booker T. Washington
Established in history for his tremendous efforts to improve the condition of blacks in the United
States, Booker T. Washington well deserves admission into the Progressive Hall of Fame.
Washington took it upon his own conscience to deal with the poverty and discrimination faced by
black americans during the Jim Crow era. He provided education and economic opportunity to
disadvantaged black men at institutes, much like the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Though
Washington focused moreso on economic equality than social equality, he provided a stepping stone
for the future, which would surmount to the furthering of civil rights for blacks.
In a time of desperation for the common black man, Washington provided a beacon of hope,
providing a community to those lost in the waves of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Washington took advantage of the situation, offering a humble plea to the white race, so that his
black brothers could be employed. Washington then continued to describe the fidelity that the Negro
would offer, being a reliable source of work. Washington's views were not without fault however, as
they were assailed by W.E.B. Du Bois for subjugating the black race to menial labor and social
inferiority. In Du Bois' essay "Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others" in his collection The Souls
of Black Folk, Du Bois accuses Washington of allowing the South to solidify the supremacy of the
white race over the black. "Washington's programme practically accepts the alleged inferiority of the
Negro races." Though partly true, Washington's incentive was not to gain equal economic footing,
but a footing at all. Due to the numerous labor strikes following the Panic of 1893, unemployment
went through the roof, leaving many white southerners without an efficient labor force. Washington
chose to fill the gap with a band of hard working blacks, so that they may prove their aptitude to
their white employers. "Washington insisted instead that blacks could surmount trade unions by

Titans, Industrialization, Immigration, And Urbanization
_______________________________________ is a child of God! Titans, Industrialization,
Immigration, and Urbanization Unit 1 Exam Study Guide Each item needs to be answered in
complete, original sentences. Assignments with high plagiarism scores may not be accepted for
credit. Define at least 20 of the following terms: (.5 point each up to 10 points) 1. Vertical
integration a. Buying out supplies to control materials. 2. Horizontal consolidation a. A company
creates or acquires production units for outputs which are either competitive or complementary. 3.
Social Darwinism a. Also called Social Evolution said that the best–adapted–animal would survive.
4. Holding company a. Holding companies bought all the other stock of other companies 5. Trust

Jp Morgan Research Paper
John Pierpont Morgan, known as J.P. Morgan, was born on April 17, 1837, in Hartford, Connecticut.
The son of a successful financier, Morgan followed in his father's footsteps into the world of
international finance. He would later become one of the world's most renowned financial figures in
history. Morgan consolidated several major railroads, U.S. Steel, and General Electric corporations,
his banking firm, JP Morgan and Co, was the predecessor of today's banking titan, JPMorgan Chase
& Co. After graduating high school in Boston, Morgan studied overseas in Switzerland and
Germany, where he learned to speak fluent French and German. In 1857, his career started with the
New York extension of the London–based George Peabody and Co. whose connections

Farmers In The Late 1800s Essay
In the late 19th century, farmers all over the country were filled with discontent due to the rough
financial and agricultural conditions they were experiencing on the farm. As far back as the
Homestead Act of 1862, which gave families land grants west of the Mississippi, farmers have been
migrating West. Manifest Destiny was driving these families west creating jobs and opportunities,
which had greatly impacted the time. This period before the late 1800s had produced high numbers
of wheat, agricultural technology, and success for hard working farmers. The perfect life started to
disintegrate with the increase of farmers, and the high amount of wheat being sold. With wheat
prices dropping, farmers going into debt, and businesses controlling the economy, the farmers were
starting to experience hardships like never before. This was the start of the depression of 1893.
Farmers had experienced a number of problems during this time, but the conflicts of the Bimetallic
Standard in currency, the overpowering big businesses, and the lack of government interference had
contributed greatly to the validity of the farmers argument. Currency during the late 1800s was
always a topic of great conflict between the different classes of people. The document The platform
of the People's Party 1892 stated "The Newspapers are largely subsidized or muzzled, public
opinion silenced, business prostrated, homes covered with mortgages, labor impoverished, and the
land concentration in the hands of

Grover Cleveland's Path to Presidency
Grover Cleveland
Stephan Grover Cleveland born March 18, 1837 died June 24, 1908. He was born in Caldwell, New
Jersey. His father was a minister of the Presbyterian church of the English. They were the first to
migrate from England to Masschusets in 1635. He was related to General Moses Cleveland, whom
in which Cleveland, Ohio was named after.
In three years he had went from being an attorney in a law firm to being President of the United
States. He lived in Buffalo,New York where he worked as a law clerk, after which he eventually
earned his law degree by reading law books and listening to the attornies of the office. After earning
his degree he became part of the law firm of Rodgers, Bowen and Rodgers. He had ran for the
District Attorney but lost. So he had gotten a job as the sherriff, which paid more money in which he
was pleased with that at the time. People started realizing that he was an honest and hard working
man. He was in court arguing a case, in which the democratic party members had burst in and asked
him if he would run for mayor, he accepted right there in court. The democratic party had wanted
someone that was going to be honest. He had promised that he would cut wasteful spending as well
as dishonest spending in city hall. He believed that he was there to represent the people. While in
office as Mayor of Buffalo he became known as "The Veto Mayor". He eventually had saved the
city of Buffalo over one million dollars in spending . He was known to veto

Panic Of 1893 Research Paper
Panic–Brian–Populists
The significance of this triad is that they all relate to the "unlimited coinage of silver" in order to
balance the economy during The Depression of 1893, which was overall unsuccessful because
William McKinley (pro gold) won the election in 1896 and President Grover Cleveland made gold
the main money supply of the nation. The panic of 1893 was the worst depression up to that point in
the U.S. Thousands of workers lost their jobs, the economy was falling, and European investors
were claiming funds. President Grover Cleveland made things worse when he made gold the
nation's money supply and repealed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890. If Cleveland had
supported silver currency, the nation could have had more money

Jp Morgan In The 20th Century
In the 20th Century there was many important people who changed the way the America is today.
John Pierpont Morgan once said, "If you have to ask how much it costs, you can't afford it." It is
assumed amongst most people that John never had to ask the price of anything because he had so
much money. J.P. Morgan was a significant figure in America's 20th Century because of his role in
saving the economy, funding huge companies and creating a wealthy bank that is still around today.
In this world it is hard to make yourself somebody important if you don't come from the right
background. Well the Morgan family was always wealthy. J.P. was born into the home of Junius and
Juliet Morgan in Connecticut. He grew up with three siblings, two sisters and one brother (J.P.
Morgan). J.P. attended high school in Boston and after graduation went to Europe. He knew one day
he wanted to take his father's business over, so he went abroad to learn German and French to be
able to expand his future business to the global scale. John married a woman abroad who was bound
to die of tuberculosis 4 months later, and then married Frances Tracy after her ... Show more content
Morgan has even impacted acts that saved the government many times all because Morgan gave
them the idea. Congress knew that Morgan and his money wouldn't be around forever so they had to
make an act that would make sure they had their own money to secure the Stock Market in the
future if similar situations were to arise. Morgan also bought unsafe rifles from the government,
reconditioned them and sold them back to the government for a huge profit. These rifles were then
used in the Civil War. If Morgan hadn't given the Government safe and technological rifles then the
outcome of the Civil War could've been different. They might not have been able to defeat the South
with unconditioned and unsafe rifles (Cross, Mary). J.P. Morgan played a major role in saving 20th
century America from many catastrophic

What Is The Difference Between Jane Addams And The Hull House
Jane Addams and the Hull House: The Hull House was opened in 1889, which was settlement house
run by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. It was located on the Near West Side of Chicago. The
Hull House was important because it was located in a poor area yet it provided services which
included kindergarten, music school, and the Hull House even had a theater and gymnasium in it.
Jane Addams, not necessarily the Hull House, was mentioned in the book. Jane had attended the
World's Fair. (WHAT ELSE)
Frederick Law Olmsted: Olmsted was born in 1822. He is known to be the founder of American
landscape architecture. If it wasn't for Olmsted nothing would be designed and beautifully equipped
with flowers and bushes.
Frederick Law Olmstead was an important character in the World's Fair story. Omsted was hired to
be the landscape artist but later declined because he was unable to get anything done because
Burnham and his team was behind schedule. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Willard and her family moved to Illinois so her brother could attend biblical school. Willard was the
founder of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. She also encouraged equal work, eight–hour
workdays, and women's right. These are ideas and guidelines that are still used today.
Willard was important in the World's Fair story due to her work rights that she believed in. Burnham
had to limit some of the work workers were able to due because of unions that made him agree to
certain hour days, just like Willard believed in. (IS THAT RIGHT ABOUT THE HOUR

Essay about American Imperialism
The years after the Civil War were the years of great economic expansion in the history of United
States. With the increase in production by industries, the demand for resources increased rapidly and
because the land under the control of the United States could not fulfill this demand, the only option
was to expand the territorial area. In 1867, the United States purchased Alaska from Russia and in
the same year, it annexed Midway Islands. Until 1890s, the expansion was restricted to west and did
not go further the nation's boundaries. But the decade of 1890s, the period between 1893 and1903
was a turning point in the history of United States, marked with the expansion of America for the
first time outside its main land. Even though policy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a treaty with the Spain, the US acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and the pacific island of
Guam. Overproduction and under–consumption during the Panic of 1893 demonstrated the need for
foreign markets if the economy were to recover again, which heightened the belief that more
assertive foreign policy was indispensible to encourage American exports. "To meet the challenge
the country had no apparent choice but to reconstruct its economy or compete for foreign markets
and points of strategic significance, especially in the Pacific." Another problem that emerged during
this depression and could be solved by expanding the markets was the discontent caused by
unemployment after the Panic of 1893. The new markets would work as a 'safety valve,' which by
improving the economy of America would reduce the domestic problems.
Proponents of imperialism believed that the colonial holdings, as strategic assets, were of high value
in the on–going quest for maritime supremacy. One of the supporters of imperialism was Alfred
Thayer Mahan, who argued that a large fleet of ships, protected by a powerful navy, is required for
successful international trade. He believed that colonies "facilitate and enlarge the operations of
shipping and tend to protect it by multiplying points of safety." Influenced by theses ideas, James G.
Blaine urged president to try to acquire

Bryan's Audience Reaction To The Panic Of 1893
During 1893, the United States had suffered a serious economic depression known as the Panic of
1893. The economic panic had been caused by the overbuilding and over financing railroads,
developing bank failures. These investments on the railroads had led to serious debates in Congress
to attempt to improve the financial situation. In 1896, William Jennings Bryan had delivered a
speech known as the Cross of Gold, supporting the "Free Silver" and bimetallism. Bryan's audience
reaction varied greatly, from hating Bryan to supporting Bryan for president. The speech had
illuminated several important topics concerning "Free Silver", gave popularity growth to Bryan, and
the election of 1986. Bryan's Cross of Gold touches on ideas, relating to

Key Bank History
The second location on this tour is The National Commercial Bank, now known as Key Bank. When
the bank first established in November 25, 1838, under the general banking act it was simply known
as the Commercial Bank. It wasn't until June 13, 1864 that the bank was recognized as a national
bank and renamed The National Commercial Bank. Before the bank existed, New York only had
three key banks: the City Bank of Albany, New York State Bank and the Mechanics and Farmer
Bank. As Albany city began growing, citizens realized that these three banks weren't enough to meet
the economic demands of Albany. As a result, citizens began petitioning for another bank.
Once the new bank was granted to the city of Albany, there were still many legal aspects ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its motto was "Bravely, Faithfully, Felicitously" and these three words described the manner in
which the bank fulfilled its obligation. There have been three major incident where the National
Bank has proven itself to its people. The first was in 1838, a year after the economic panic of 1837.
The economic panic led to the suspension of specie payments (coined money). However when the
New York banks decided to resume specie payment (coined money), the National Bank was able to
resume four months before the other New York City banks. The second incident was in 1862 when
the bank voluntarily came to the relief of the state. The President called for 300,000 to enlist, but
there was not enough money in the state treasury to pay the enlisted men's' bounties (sum paid to
those who enlist). As a result, the bank loaned 3,500,000 without security. The bank made this loan
because they trusted that the legislature would eventually re–pay them. Finally the third incident
was in the 1893 economic panic. When the panic grew worse the bank permitted the withdrawal of
up to $800,000 by the state without any delays. The National Commercial Bank not only had a great
economic influence, but they also held a prestigious image within the public. Most of their president
where also political figures. For example, the second president of the bank was once the mayor of
Albany. During the years the bank was open it underwent many remodeling such as installation of
glass roof in the banking room and mosaic flooring. In the end the bank left a legacy of being "the
handsomest business structure in

The Populist Party And The Panic Of 1896
Following the Panic of 189, the federal government had to address the issue of economics. The
crisis would leave millions of Americans in difficult financial straits. As a result, the free coinage of
silver increasingly gained momentum throughout the nation in the years immediately following.
This gained such significant attention that it would serve as the primary national issue in the election
of 1896. The Republican and Democratic parties would each align in this election for or against this
polarizing issue. The Republicans supported the gold standard while the Populist supported
Democrats endorsed a silver standard and bimetallism. The election of 1896 would be dominated by
the issue of financial backing through the campaigns of William McKinley and William Jennings
Bryan. The results of the election would serve as an example of the nations direction to move away
from rural agriculture and towards urban industrialism. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The results of the election would serve as an example of the nations direction to move away from
rural agriculture and towards urban industrialism. Events such as the passing of the Sherman Silver
Purchase Act, the Nevada silver discovery, and the Panic of 1893 served as significant catalysts for
the issue of financial backing. In response to this several political organizations formed in an effort
to pursue economic change. The Populist Party would ultimately become the most significant such
organization. The influence of the Populists would be tested in the election of 1896 in which the
elections primary question was the silver standard. The Populist endorsed Democrat William
Jennings Bryan helped bring the issue to center stage through efforts such as his speech "Cross of
Gold". The victory of Bryan's opponent, William McKinley, would signify the nations trend towards
an urban industrialized

Pros And Cons Of A Flat Tax System
The modern concept of a flat tax was popularized by Stephen Forbes in his 1996 presidential
campaign when he proposed a universal income tax rate of 17 percent. Republicans have been
advocating for a flat tax plan ever since and the latest crop of presidential hopefuls eclipsed by
Donald Trump, proposed similar plans. Ted Cruz was talking about a flat 10 percent while Bush,
Huckabee, Carson, Rubio and Rand Paul all had similar ideas. The 2016 Republican nominee,
Donald Trump, also advocates for a reduction in tax brackets closely resembling a flat tax rate, since
he is a reported billionaire. (Shlaes, 2015) The current tax system employs a progressive tax rate,
which means the percentage of income taxed rises with the amount earned. Currently, earners who
made up to $8,375 paid ten percent while those who made more than $373,650 paid the top rate of
35 percent. Under the progressive tax system, a taxpayer pays a base rate on the first dollar earned
and rates rise as earnings rise so that making more money means moving into a higher tax bracket.
In a flat tax system, top earners pay more in dollars but pay at the same percentage rate. (Shlaes,
2015)
History:
There have been two instances of a flat tax being levied in the United States, both times utilized to
respond to a major crisis. Both times, the flat tax revenue was never actualized. The first time was in
1861 at the onset of the Civil War and the Lincoln Administration's need to finance the war effort.
Until then,

Literary Analysis Of The Devil In The White City
Aditya Krishna
G. Richey
Honors World History
4 December 2017
The Devil in the White City is a literary nonfiction novel that spans the years surrounding the
building of the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, also known as The World's Columbian Exposition, which
was designed to commemorate the landing of Columbus in America. This nonlinear novel is divided
into four parts with the first three parts of the novel primarily taking place in Chicago between the
years 1890–1893. However, Part IV of the novel takes the reader to Philadelphia circa 1895. In The
Devil in the White City, author Erik Larson uses extensive research to recreate the lives of two real
men and to reinvent Chicago during the World's Columbian Exposition. In the process, he creates
two separate, yet connected plot lines and attempts to fill in some of the gaps left by history. One
plot line centers on Daniel Burnham, the architect who builds the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. The
other plot line focuses on character H.H. Holmes, the serial killer who exploits the fair to find his
victims.
The story of Daniel Burnham, his building of the fair, and the struggles he overcomes in order to
make the enterprise a success from one plot line. This sequence of events begins in 1890, when
Chicago wins the bid for the 1893 World's Exposition. Daniel Burnham and his then partner, John
Root, are given the honor of being the architects who build the fair and consequently, a more
positive global reputation for Chicago. Throughout the

Diction In Erik Larson's The Devil In The White City
"As authors, most – most authors, our art is portraying the human condition. Trying to show you
what it's like to be somebody else, trying to make you feel for somebody else." –Patrick Rothfuss. In
The Devil In The White City Erik Larson inserts the reader in the shoes of two very antonymous
characters. Larson's diction enables him to create vivid pictures and descriptions, so the reader can
immerse him/herself in the plot. With John Root, he uses phrases that give background to his past
and his positions, but with H.H. Holmes, he allows the representation of a maniacal individual by
giving the reader insight into the his sadistic ways. Erik Larson utilizes diction to instill fear, while
also adding thought provoking scenarios that leave the reader mystified and pondering the different
approaches they would take if put in these deep situational instances.
Erik Larson portrays Root as an intellectual person and simultaneously an all around good person.
"Root won acceptance into Oxford, but before he could matriculate, the war ended and his father
summoned him back to America, to his new home in New York City, where Root studied civil
engineering at New York University and became a draftsman for the architect who later designed St.
Patrick's Cathedral"(20). This quote dives into Root's background but especially his familial
background. Root's father has high expectations and will do anything to get Root the best education
because he knows John Root is smart

Cause And Effect Of The Panic Of 1893
The Panic of 1893 took place because of a serious economic depression. The panic started in the
north and spread. There are many causes and effect of this panic. It changed a lot of living ways for
the better and worse. Acts were formed when trying to dig certain groups of people out of debt
There were many causes that led up to the Panic of 1893. Economics were doing so well in the
1800's. They had been expanding tremendously due to the railroads, but railroads were being over
built. There had was many competitions for growth that speculated between many companies. They
were trying to take over one another which put each one a risk (Romer, 1984). The Philadelphia and
Reading Railroad was one of the first railroads

Dangers of Monopolies and Large Corporations
Dangers of Monopolies and Large Corporations
Lucas A. Schmidt
Luna Community College
Abstract
Monopolies have the potential to employ massive amounts of workers, and the potential to cause
wide spread economic damage when they fail. Are these rewards worth the systemic risk to our
economy, and every day life? American history is littered monopolies and large corporations that
have caused, recessions, depressions, market crashes and economic uncertainty in the wake of their
collapses. Monopolies also limit diversification to both consumers and to the marketplace in
general, due to the nature that they would be the majority the market anyway. Monopolies also
reduce competiveness and innovations in the economy. Regardless of the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These two companies do not offer any consumer transportation, and have bought any smaller
competitors.
America's most resent crisis and now the worlds America's most resent crisis was the global
financial crisis that started in 2008. It began with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers on September
14, 2008 and it spread like a flood through financial markets. At first the U.S banking sector had a
great fall in liquidity, with this contraction in commercial lending banks could not pay their
expenses. Around the world stock markets have fallen, large financial institutions have collapsed or
been bought out, and governments in even the wealthiest nations have had to come up with rescue
packages to bail out their financial systems. This crisis was further compounded because the
majority of the banking industry in the united states was is managed by four banks. These banks are
referred to as the "Big Four" them being: Bank of America, Welles Fargo, CitiGroup and JPMorgan
Chase. These four banks managed 39% of the entire banking market in the U.S., because they
manage such a large amount they have been deemed "Too big to fail". The 2008 global financial
crisis is essentially three interrelated financial crises; subprime lending crisis, housing crisis and the
contraction of commercial lending within the banking industry. The Subprime mortgage crisis is an
ongoing financial crisis characterized by

Captain Of Industry Analysis
During the Gilded Age (1870– 1900), a period in which things were fraudulent and deceitful, the
surface was clinquant while underneath that lustrous coat laid corruption. Although, entrepreneurs
such as Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and Cornelius Vanderbilt
also known as "Captains of Industry" are recognized for economic prosperity in America after the
Civil War, in 1873 and 1893 the United States suffered from a grave economic depression due to the
perfidious methods the "Captain of Industry" utilized. Techniques that involved corruption in the
government resulting in monopolies dominating the industry, and increasing their wealth by
exploiting workers often by extended hours and exceedingly low wages. Eventually, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The techniques included employees being paid low wages for long hours; the average income for a
worker was $380 (Captains of Industry or Robber Barons, background essay). By paying the
workers extremely low wages then the more profits for the employer. In 1883, a cartoon named The
Protectors of our Industry displays the inequality between the distribution of wealth in America
between the "Captains of Industry" and the working class. It demonstrates the "Captains of
Industry" accruing more wealth through the labor of the workers. As a result of the tactics utilized
the men's wealth multiplied and "9 percent of Americans controlled 75 percent of the national
wealth" (Captains of Industry or Robber Barons, background essay). The author's purpose in
drawing this was to inform the common people and the working people and for them to realize what
the "Captains of Industry" are doing is unequitable. In 1953, a historian stated that the methods that
were used were "ethically questionable" but it was a "natural response to the cutthroat competition
of the period". However, the tactics they used by ruining their competitors and cheating
stockholders only managed to create the Panic of 1873 and the Panic of

The Pullman Strike Of 1894
The Pullman Strike of 1894 On May 11th, 1894, one of the most violent labor strikes in American
history took place in Pullman, Illinois. This labor strike, initiated by the American Railway Union
(ARU) and led by Eugene Debs against the extremely wealthy and powerful George Pullman and
his company, the Pullman Palace Car Company. This strike became a turning point in the national
battle regarding U.S. labor laws, and was instrumental in the regulation of corporations by the
government. The event that would eventually give birth to Labor Day took months of riots,
struggles, and ultimately, violence. It showed America how important the lives and wellbeing of
American workers was, and helped the nation recognize the rights that employees ... Show more
After gaining more fame and wealth, he started a family, and then created his own town. He passed
away in 1897 after suffering a heart attack, and his memory lives forever in history books as the
man "responsible" for the "greatest and most far reaching of any strike on record in this country,"
(11 Carwardine). Pullman was known in his town as many things; powerful, intelligent, innovative
but he was also considered to be a terrible person. He was praised for creating a vast productive
industry and the creation of the Pullman Palace Car idea. However, as Carwardine recalls, "the very
qualities that made him [Pullman] successful in life, have, untempered with nobler elements, placed
him in his predicament with the American public. Determination and resolution have turned into
arrogance and obstinacy," (28 Carwardine). He was an arrogant man, and if his attitude was
different, perhaps the Strike of the 1890s could have been prevented. The Pullman Strike happened
in what's considered a "perfect storm," where all the circumstances kept aggravating the situation. A
major part of this storm was the Panic of 1893, an economic depression that lasted from 1893 to
1897. It began after the failure of two of the nation's major employers, the Philadelphia and Reading
Railroad and the National Cordage Companies. Suddenly banks, steel mills, and railroads started
going bankrupt. An

The Economic Impact Of The 1893 Chicago World's Fair
The 1893 Chicago World's Fair, more formally known as the Columbian Exposition, was a fair
constructed to celebrate Columbus' arrival in the New World. Chicago was known as the White City,
but did not appear as pure and spotless as its name suggested. For instance, there were many ways
one could get killed. "Fire took a dozen lives a day...There was diphtheria, typhus, cholera,
influenza. And there was murder." (Larson 12). These unstoppable causes of death was one of the
reasons Chicago's reputation was tarnished. Furthermore, the Panic of 1893 struck and greatly
affected the city of Chicago. The Panic's effects included "financial crises", "bankruptcy", and "high
rates of unemployment and homelessness". (Panic of 1893). Because of the city's economic
depression, the fair would decide whether Chicago's circumstances would improve or deteriorate.
Eventually, the 1893 Chicago's World Fair displayed what America would soon become in an
industrial, military, and economic perspective.
First, the World's Columbian Exposition would soon showcase what America could become. The
fair produced the invention of many of the world's leading brands today, some of which include
Juicy Fruit gum, Aunt Jemima syrup, and Cracker Jack Popcorn. "They sampled a new, oddly
flavored gum called Juicy Fruit, and a caramel–coated popcorn called Cracker Jack" (Larson 247).
These world famous companies started out insignificant and were able to grow because of the
influence of the World's Fair. Another

The Panic Of 1893 As One Of The Worst
Throughout its history, the United States has experienced a series of panics, or economic downturns.
Some financial experts believe that the way the economy is set up in this country contributes to
panics being cyclical. In other words, there is no way to avoid an eventual bump in the road when it
comes to the economy. The Panic of 1893 was one of the biggest in the country's history, with
unemployment across the country reaching record highs and banks failing at an alarming rate. When
compared to the Great Depression that occurred decades later, the legacy of the Panic of 1893 as one
of the worst we have experienced holds. To understand the Panic of 1893, one must look back 20
years to a very similar situation that arose with the Panic of 1873. The country was experiencing a
post–Civil War hangover that caused the economy to experience inflation. After the war, efforts
were increased to expand the railroad. These efforts required substantial investments that were
mostly unbacked. The country was already running on a large trade deficit. The large trade deficit
along with these investments put a massive strain on bank reserves, which plummeted in New York
City during September and October 1873 from $50 million to $17 million. Similar causes came 20
years later with the 1893 panic. Come 1893, the United States was overextending itself when it
came to railroad expansion. These expansions had an unstable financial backing, similar to the 1873
panic. The result was a series

The Impact Of The 1893 Columbian Exposition
A Nation Reborn
In the closing years of the 19th century, The United States of America stood before the world as a
divided nation in the ruins of a deadly civil war. After years of tragedy and hardship, it was time for
the states to turn a new leaf and start a new chapter of prosperity. To accomplish such, America's
greatest minds were assembled to construct a fair so magnificent, it would not only usher in a new
age of American civilization. but establish the foundation of the urban world. The finished project
became known as the White City. This venue for the World's Columbian Exposition left a multitude
of positive and negative impacts on the social, political and economic scale. Socially, this event
introduced the foundation of the modern American living and lifestyles. Politically, the 1893
Columbian Exposition put The United States on the map. While economically, the Fair had
succeeded at the cost of cultivating a new rise in crime and fraudulent activity. Although it barely
turned a profit, finance was one of many factors in determining whether the Fair truly was the
transitional event sparking the rise of a global superpower. In summary, the 1893 Columbian
Exposition to a significant extent was a watershed event in US history providing a blueprint for a
global superpower entering the 20th century.
To begin with, the social legacy of the 1893 Columbian Exposition had several lasting impacts on
American culture. The Fair accomplished such by influencing the

Analysis Of The Populist Movement
Historians debated the description over the overwhelming mass movements. One side described
uprising as threatening and dangerous which led them to be cautious of the populist movement. On
the other hand, some believed that the uprising was a peaceful resistance to injustice. As John D.
Hicks wrote, "the last phase of a long and perhaps a losing struggle– the struggle to save agricultural
America from the devouring jaws of industrial America" (Brinkley, 452). The basis of Hicks's
argument is that farmers are realizing the harsh industrial growth having effect on their agricultural
life and so want to reform the ways of the government. The Populist movement was a great rift
towards the movement of political protest. Their first program was

The Gilded Age : A Powerhouse Rose From The Ashes Of The...
Progressives in the Gilded Age
The Gilded Age: A powerhouse rose from the ashes of the Civil War. From the Civil War until about
1896, the Gilded Age was born. The United States was going through an era of governmental, fiscal
and societal restructuring. Gilded Age got its name because Mark Twain seen as a period where
everything seemed to be well on the surface but beneath was a scheme of political dishonesty and
self–indulgence.
Around this time, the affluent upper class was created due to the explosion of the population and
economy. The stock market crash of 1893 which caused a severe depression across the land, caused
this era to only last for a short few years, 1877–1893. With the Gold Rush, victory of Western
enlargement, and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The 15th amendment hadn't held up to its intended purpose as far as advancing voting rights to all,
which caused the Women Rights movement to make a comeback.
It is easy to look at this time frame as a period of dishonesty, noticeable greed, and unrestricted
entrepreneurship. However, this should be seen as the formative period of the United States when
framers moved into a metropolitan culture that was dominated by industrial companies. The
economy seen remarkable progress thanks to the trade and industry transformation. The US
Economy was growing at an alarming rate in the late 19th century. Even with the Panics like 1893,
the economy recuperated rapidly and still continued to flourish.
Rapid and economic depression brought back equilibrium into society during a known complex
time. The Gilded Age commence a somewhat unhappy American social realism, that capital is
supremacy and is meant to improve the owners and not the public.
The Progressive Age: The Progressive time frame is from 1890's to 1920's, also known as the
Reconstruction Era. However, this movement wasn't knew too many as there had been a first reform
that occurred before the Civil War which had the similar goals but also included the abolishment of
slavery. Like the Gilded Age, the Progressive Era is known for its of governmental and societal
restructuring. The first generation of progressives stood firmly against Darwinism. They felt the
problems of society like racism

Protests: The Role Of Discrimination In The 19th Century
Within the last few days, nearly 125,000 workers on 29 different railroads have walked off of the
job as a refusal to handle any train with Pullman cars on it. Business owners have been reaching the
peak of their irritation and have been employing replacement workers to try to end the protest. The
courts have also become involved. With the recent passing of an injunction, federal troops were sent
to the scene. Instead of helping the situation, it enraged the strikers. Protests have been beginning to
become violent. The boycott was arranged by the American Railway Union led by Eugene Debs and
launched on June 26, 1894. The union decided to become involved a few weeks ago, after nearly
four thousand workers began a wildcat strike in Pullman,

Who Is J. P. Morgan?
J. P. Morgan was born on April 17, 1837 into a wealthy family. His father was a wealthy financier.
He was born in Hartford, Connecticut. While he was young, he was sent to a school in Boston to be
educated and later went to the University of Göttingen. In 1857, he began his career in Duncan,
Sherman and Company working as an accountant. Years later, in 1861, he began working at his
father's company, Dabney, Morgan and Company. He continued working there till 1821. While he
was working there, he married Amelia Sturges. They were only married a few months before she
died. Five years later, in 1865, he married Frances Tracy. They had 4 children: John Pierpont Jr.,
Louisa, Anne, and Julia. He became a partner to his father's company in 1871.

The Progresive Reform Movement Essay examples
The Progressive Reform Movement played an instrumental role in uplifting American society to
new heights. The movement was fairly successful in curing the ills brought on by the massive
industrial growth of the late 19th century. Rich executives who had created monopolies and trusts
were deemed to have become too powerful, and political imbalances were ruled to be unacceptable.
Progressive reform was a cornerstone of the early 1900s and was the issue that defined several
presidencies. The Progressive Movement was a result of a century of economic and social neglect. It
strived to correct the economic, social, political, and moral justices that had plagued the 19th
century and to instill fairness and equal rights for all. Two key goals ... Show more content on
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This modification of the Constitution gave women the right to vote, and effectively created a whole
new slant on politics. Corrupt governments began to falter because of the new voting bloc and
political party hierarchies began to crumble. The Progressive Movement not only revolution the
political landscape of America, but also molded a brand new economic infrastructure. Prior to the
movement, the US government enacted a policy of laissez–faire towards the economy. From the
early 1800s till the panics of 1893 and 1907 the economy boomed. Politicians were skeptical of
pushing reform because they feared that public opinion favored less regulation. However, by the
turn of the century this began to change. Due to the Panics of 1893 and 1907 Americans began to
demand change. The rise of a more liberal middle class began to change the political outlook of the
early 1900s. These people favored fairness in the workplace and more regulation. Two key actions
taken by the government to support these goals included the creation of the Federal Reserve and the
Federal Trade Commission. The Federal Reserve Board became the central banking system of
America. First, it removed the lack of elasticity in the American currency. It also prevented
privately–run banks from exploiting the currency or banding together in order to drive up premiums
and fees. The Federal Reserve was effective in driving down economic corruption and regulating the
economy. The Federal Trade

The Limits Of Liberty: A Second Industrial Revolution
In the period between 1890 and America joining the First World War, the United States experienced
dynamic growth. The time became known as a 'Second Industrial Revolution'. The United States
was transformed through population growth, technical innovation, and exploitation of the country's
natural resources. There was an increase in urban populations and range of economic activity.
Extracts 1, 2 and 3 present different views on this era of economic growth. Extract 1 looks at
America's natural resources, the growth of technical ability and industrial capitalism, and the
creation of a continental domestic market. Extract 2 takes a look at the weaknesses of the Gilded
Age economy, which resulted in poverty and periods of depression and panic. Extract ... Show more
The extract claims that the economy of the Gilded Age was structurally weak and based on
"unregulated capital markets and entrepreneurial frenzy", resulting in poverty and depression. It
refers to enterprises such as railroads as being mismanaged, vulnerable, and having a damaging
impact on the economy. The book is from 2009, so has the benefit of hindsight like extract 1. The
book which the extract comes from focuses on the period 1877 to 1920, making the extract more
valuable as it provides a more in–depth look at the era. Additionally, the title of the book may be a
reference to the film "Birth of a Nation" which was about the KKK. This suggests a focus on
divisions within the USA. The content is convincing in providing a critical look at the negative
aspects of the period. The extract brings up "the panic" and the "collapse of the 1890s", referring to
the Panic of 1893, which was followed by a serious economic depression. In addition, the "mass
poverty of the 1890s" links in to the fact that the panic and depression hit the poor the hardest. Even
during times of economic growth, the benefits of growth were shared unevenly and the gap between
rich and poor continued to widen. However, some of the arguments from the extract are less
convincing. The focus on the negative sides of the Gilded Age makes the extract seem unbalanced.
One example is

The Impact Of The 1893 Columbian Exposition
A Nation Reborn By the closing years of the 19th century The United States of America Stood
before the world as a divided nation in the ruins of a deadly civil war. After years of tragedy and
hardship it was time for the US to turn a new leaf and start a new chapter of prosperity. To
accomplish such, America's greatest minds were tasked to construct a fair so magnificent, it would
not only usher in a new age of American civilization but establish the foundation of the urban world.
Although the 1893 Columbian Exposition barely turned for a profit, finance is one of the myriad of
factors in determining whether the Fair truly was the transitional event sparking the rise of a global
superpower. Aspects such as economic, political and social impacts are key factors in determining
overall influence. In summary, the 1893 Columbian Exposition was a watershed event in US history
to a great extent due to its impacts on the social and political scale despite its economic
shortcomings. Starting off with the social legacy, the 1893 Columbian Exposition had a lasting
impact on American culture. The Fair accomplished such by influencing the thoug|h }+ts, ideas and
lives of millions of americans. Larson writes "they saw even more ungodly things–the first zipper;
the first–ever all–electric kitchen, which included an automatic dishwasher" (Larson 247). All
electric households are only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to myriad of culture defining
advancements. The visitors were so

The Impact Of The Columbian Exposition
March 31st, of 1889 marked an important day in not only France's history, but America's history as
well. The Eiffel Tower was unveiled that day, during the Exposition Universelle in Paris, joining
"the palace of machines," and other larger than life feats of "the iron architecture [that] dominated
the fair" (Expo 1889 Paris). As a nation, America was embarrassed and determined to show their
dominance in the realm of iron and steel working. Thus, the idea for the Chicago's world fair was
born, giving the US "a needed opportunity to out–Eiffel Eiffel" (Larson 15). Before long, it was
decided that the fair would be called "The Columbian Exposition", honoring the 400th anniversary
of Columbus's sail across the Atlantic. During its six months of operation the fair was an
unequivocal success and "had a powerful and lasting impact on the nation's psyche" politically,
socially, and economically (Larson 373). Consequently, despite having certain economic
implications, the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, to a large extent, was an event that both influenced
millions and acted as a transitional period for America in several different manners.
Politically, the Columbian Exposition was an immense success. Just coming out of an industrial
revolution, the nation had several inventions and innovations, that were yet to be seen by other
leading countries, such as AC DC electricity, agricultural machines, and an impressive
transcontinental railroad system. Without a doubt, the Columbian Exposition

Andrew Carnegie's Wealth During The Gilded Age
Andrew Carnegie's wealth came from Vertical Integration as well as John Pierpont Morgan's wealth.
On the other side John D. Rockefeller used Horizontal Integration to build his oil refining industry.
However, while many tried to use Vertical and Horizontal Integration, not all had complete success
in doing so. Therefore making all three of these men extremely successful. After the Civil War came
Reconstruction and the Progressive Era, which resulted in the rising of new businesses. In order to
pay for the costs after the war, the government had to come up with new ideas to boost the economy.
When the Gilded Age arrived there were thousands of industries and new jobs and business
occupations. At this time many entrepreneurs arose and created ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Another wealthy man was John Pierpont Morgan. Like Carnegie, John Pierpont Morgan used the
Vertical Integration method. John Pierpont started United States Steel from Carnegie's businesses,
this is an example of Vertical Integration. He used many businesses such as Andrew Carnegie's Steel
Company to combine with his own and create the immense amount of money he had. J.P. Morgan
was known for his consolidation techniques, he was also a well known banker, "One of the most
powerful bankers of his era, J.P. (John Pierpont) Morgan (1837–1913) financed railroads and helped
organize U.S. Steel, General Electric and other major corporations." In many occasions John
Pierpont Morgan's wealth helped the United States' economy out of financial situations. In one
instance the United States went through an economic depression in 1893. The Panic of 1893 was the
effect of excessive railroad building and railroad funding, which then caused the banks to go
through failures. John Pierpont Morgan helped get rid of the two year economic depression that the
United States had by giving out bonds, "Twelve days later, J.P. Morgan & Co. led a syndicate of
bankers to sell U.S. bonds to buy back gold from foreign investors." The

Devil In The White City During The Gilded Age

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