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1. Design and Development of Smart Neonatal Care
System
Under the Guidance of:
Dr. Jaspal Singh
Joint Director & Head
ACSD,CDAC- Mohali
Submitted By:
Sajjan Kumar
M .Tech-Embedded system
CDAC Mohali

2. Content
Introduction
Motivation
Literature Survey
Proposed Work
Research Objective
Methodology
References

3. Introduction
 Neonatal jaundice is a global infant health issue that is faced by many people
across India as well as worldwide. Almost 6.7 million babies are born with neonatal
jaundice in India and almost 47 million babies are born with this issue globally every
year
 In rural India, treatment facilities for newborns are still not strong enough in many
backward areas. Thus, there are many new born lives that struggle every day while
getting affected by jaundice a some dictation can be prescribed to the new born
There is need and much potential in development of technologies for the treatment
of neonatal jaundice, which can be made easily available
 Treatment for jaundice was discovered serendipitously in 1957 by an observant
nursing sister in United Kingdom. The nun reported that the infants whose crib was
located in the nursery area exposed to sunlight had their jaundice fade

4.  Exposing the baby directly to sunlight is still being practiced. There are disadvantages to
this practice: harmful intensity of sunlight rays that can cause acute erythema or
sunburn, risk of dehydration, and ultraviolet ray exposure that can cause skin damage,
skin cancer and eye damage,
 However, sunlight is not always available during rainy days or in the evening. If
present, it is harmful to the skin for most time of the day. Thus, this design failed
to optimize sun exposure and treatment
 Phototherapy for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice was first
reported in the Lancet in 1958 after the use of the first artificial light sources in
Rochford Hospital in Essex, England.

5. Motivation
High-quality universal newborn health care is the right of every newborn
everywhere. Babies have the right to be protected from injury and infection, to
breathe normally, to be warm and to be fed. All newborns should have access to
essential newborn care
 which is the critical care for all babies in the first days after birth. Essential
newborn care involves immediate care at the time of birth, and essential care
during the entire newborn period. It is needed both in the health facility and at
home.
Phototherapy is treatment with a special type of light (not sunlight). It's
sometimes used to treat newborn jaundice by making it easier for your baby's
liver to break down and remove the bilirubin from your baby's blood.
Phototherapy aims to expose your baby's skin to as much light as possible

6. Literature survey
S.n
o
Title Author Journal/
Conference
Year
Techniques Parameters Accuracy
/Result
Limitations
1. Jaundice
(Hyperbilirubinemia)
Detection and
Prediction System
Using Color Card
Technique
Asyraf Hakimi Abu
Bakar
IEEE Access
2022
Using color card
technique
Human skin color 97.5% Body color
shed high
quality
2. A wearable
phototherapy device
utilizing micro-LEDs
Francesca Farrell IEEE Access
2019
light sources for
phototherapy
LED arrays that
directly irradiate
the skin
82.80% Wave length,
condition to be
treated and w
the treatment
will be taking
place.
3. Development of A
Portable Phototherapy
Garment
(PPG) for Jaundice
Treatment
Mitra Mohd Addi IEEE Access,
2016
blue surface
mount device
(SMD) LEDs
body temperature
and alert system
92 % light (470 ±60
nm or
470±15 nm
bandwidth).

7. 5. Conventional Bili
blanket
Phototherapy For
Double
Irradiation in
Bilirubine Baby
Nur Hudha Wijaya ICE3IS
2022
Biliblanket
thrapy
Smd led 82 % Achieved
high accuracy
in real-time
therapy
6. Bioforge PTL: An
IoT Enabled Rapidly
Deployable
Phototherapy
Device for Neonatal
Jaundice
Shovon Sudan
Saha
BMEiCON-2021 Iot based
phototherapy
To receive
data from the
device, a
server was
created in the
platform
called
Thingsboard
94 % Led intensity
less than 500
nm
7. An Automatic and
Portable
Phototherapy
Garment (APPG)
with Integrated
Non-Invasive
Bilirubin Detector
Nuraini Shahroni, IEEE
2018
bilirubin
detector
SMD
photodiode
81% sample
using the
optical
method

8. Proposed System
• Our project is about developing a neonatal care system which can
assess detection and treatment while dealing with neonatal.
• The system design is based on non invasive detection for jaundice
and treatment certain physiological of the neonatal.
• jaundice data such as bilirubine level, and treatment can be
important for assessing neonatal conditions.
• Thus, we want to detect and treatment these for further using non
invasive detection and treatment for jaundice

9. Research Objective
• To study various kinds of phototherapy and jaundice detection
systems
• To develop a smart neonatal care system.
• To optimize the low cost for the neonatal care system.

10. Proposed Methodology
• Calibration of RGB Color Sensor
• Choose a high-quality RGB color sensor and calibrate it for accurate color readings
• RGB Imaging System Development
• Develop a non-invasive RGB imaging system for capturing color information from the
skin surface
• Color Thresholding and Image Processing
• Create algorithms for color Thresholding to identify the yellowish hue associated
with jaundice.
• Apply image processing techniques to isolate regions indicative of jaundice on the
skin
• Establish a Correlation
• Establish a correlation between the color information captured by the RGB sensor
and estimated bilirubine levels based on available literature or expert knowledge

11. Proposed Methodology
• Treatment Thresholds
• Define treatment thresholds based on the RGB readings. For example, higher RGB
values might indicate higher bilirubine levels and the need for more intensive
phototherapy
• Phototherapy Adjustment Algorithm
• Develop an algorithm that adjusts the parameters of phototherapy equipment based
on the RGB sensor readings.
• Parameters may include light intensity, duration of treatment, or distance from the
light source to the lab

12. Calibration of RGB sensor
for R, G, and B channels, and uniform photodiode array design minimize contamination and
optical aperture misalignment. White light emitted from a light emitting diode (LED)
illuminates the surface or object and is reflected by the color sensor. It can also be transmitted
light that is transmitted through an RGB color filter, and then the photodiode array is
converted into currents corresponding to red, green, and blue (IR, IG, and IB).), converting the
current into voltages of various colors VR, VG and VB.
RGB color sensor TCS 3200, which converts white light into a voltage output. This sensor
features a combination of solar array and three transimpedance amplifiers. The photodiode
array is coated with red, green and blue color filters to create the analog output voltages VR,
VG and VB. The photodiode array's integrated R, G, B color filters detect the R, G, B
components of the light incident on the sensor. The photodiode converts the R, G and B light
components into photocurrent. Next, integrated transimpedance amplifiers for R, G, and B
components convert the photocurrent into an analog voltage output. The voltage output of
each of the R, G, and B channels increases linearly with increasing light intensity.

13. RGB SENSOR TCS 3200
• High-Resolution Conversion of Light Intensity to Frequency
• Programmable Color and Full-Scale Output
Frequency
• Communicates Directly With a Microcontroller
• Single-Supply Operation (2.7 V to 5.5 V)
• Power Down Feature
• Nonlinearity Error Typically 0.2% at 50 kHz
• Compliant Surface-Mount Package
TCS3200 sensor work
The TCS3200 has an array of photodiodes with 4 different filters. A photodiode is simply a
semiconductor device that converts light into current. The sensor has:
• 16 photodiodes with red filter – sensitive to red wavelength
• 16 photodiodes with green filter – sensitive to green wavelength
• 16 photodiodes with blue filter – sensitive to blue wavelength
• 16 photodiodes without filter

14. RGB SENSOR TCS 3200
Place a blue object in front of the sensor at different distances. You should save
two measurements: when the object is placed far from the sensor and when the
object is close to it
Check the values displayed on the serial monitor. The blue frequency (B) should be
the lowest compared to the red (R) and green (G) frequency readings – see figure
below.

15. RGB SENSOR TCS 3200 READING
When I place the blue object in front of the sensor, the blue frequency (B) values
oscillate between 59 and 223 (see highlighted values).

16. RGB SENSOR TCS 3200 READING
Note: I can’t use these frequency values (59 and 223) in your code, you should
measure the colors for your specific object with your own color sensor. Then, save
your upper and bottom frequency limits for the blue color, because you’ll need
them later.
Repeat this process with a green and red objects and write down the upper and
bottom frequency limits for each color.

17. Reading of bilirubine
 I will be calibrated for initial settings. After the device is calibrated for initial
settings, the sensor is placed on the neonate’s forehead and the RGB values are
displayed on the LCD. After repeating this process three times, the average of the
RGB values is calculated. Based on the formula, the hue and purity equivalents of
the RGB values are noted. The bilirubine level is calculated based on the RGB values
SI.NO R B G HOSPITAL
READING
1
2
3
SI,NO R B G HOSPITAL
READING
1 194 123 133 5.0
2 205 128 151 5.1
3 220 169 180 7.0
4 230 196 202 9.0
5 234 205 220 10.3
6 220 180 230 8.5

18. Phototherapy
 Phototherapy involves shining fluorescent light from the bili lights on bare skin. A
specific wavelength of light can break down bilirubine into a form that the body can
get rid of through the urine and stools. The light looks blue
• The newborn is placed under the lights
without clothes or just wearing a diaper.
• The eyes are covered to protect them
from the bright light.
• The baby is turned frequently.
Mechanism of phototherapy:
Blue-green light in the range of
460-490 nm is most effective for
phototherapy

19. Portable Phototherapy Garment
 The proposed APG design which consists of several key components; the
controller, blue SMD LEDs and temperature detector. The blue SMD LED strips are
arranged horizontally under the garment of the front layer, facing the infant’s front
body area to provide maximum exposure of light irradiance during phototherapy.
The blue SMD LED strips are directly connected to the timing circuit and controlled
using the Arduino Nano microcontroller. The PPG allows users to set the treatment
time duration by using push buttons to either increase or decrease the time
selection. The device is also equipped with a portable and rechargeable power
supply of 12,400 mAh capacity to enable phototherapy to be carried out anywhere

20. Prototype
Arduino
NAN
O
button
phototherapy
RGB Sensor
I2C Display
4 White LEDs
DC Power
Supply

21. Circuit Diagram

22. References
Experimental Results
Analysis of readings
SI.NO
Hospital
Reading
Device
Reading
R B G
1 220 169 180
9.4 9.5
2 210 138 171
8.1 8.3
3 220 162 180
9.0
9.0
4 198 123 133
9.0
9.2
5 230 196 202
9.0
9.4
6 216 164 173
9.1
8.9

23. Result
Experimental Results
Analysis of readings
SI.NO
Hospital
Reading
Device
Reading
R B G
7 227 183 191
9.4
9.4
8 216 160 169
9.9
9.5
9 227 183 194
10.6
9.9
10 216 160 176
10.9 10.5
11 234 205 209
11.0 10.8
12 223 123 137
11.1 11.0

24. Result
Experimental Results
Analysis of readings
SI.NO
Hospital
Reading
Device
Reading
R B G
13 187 119 133
11.8 11.9
14 198 155 162
12.0 12.4
15 209 151 159
12.2 12.5
16 220 148 180 13
12.8
17 231 174 183
9.9
9.6
18 238 171 212
9.5
9.5

25. Final Setup

26. Result
When the smart care system ON, a welcoming note appears on the LCD display as
shown in Fig. 4(a). The system then displays the current body temperature of the infant
as shown in Fig. 4(b). Once the system detects that the body temperature is normal
(between 36.5 ºC and 37.5 ºC), it will enable the user to set the time duration for the
treatment using 2 (two) push buttons. The phototherapy treatment will start (LED will
be switched ON) once the desired time duration is set (refer to Fig. 4(c)). Once the
treatment is complete, the buzzer will trigger, to alarm the user and a completion note
will appear as in Fig. 4(d). Whenever the system detects that the temperature is
beyond the normal limits, a warning note will appear and the system will automatically
be switched off.

27. Result
.
Complete operation of the Portable Phototherapy Garment

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