for engineering students .

1. YASHODA TECHNIOCAL
CAMPAUS ,
SATARA
Seminar on
Microelectronic Pill
BY-AVISHKAR MULIK

2. A "MICROELECTRONIC PILL" IS BASICALLY A MULTICHANNEL
SENSOR
BASED DEVICE THAT CONTAIN SENSORS OR TINY CAMERAS TO
COLLECT
INFORMATION AND DATA INSIDE THE BODY AS THEY TRAVEL
THROUGH THE
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT BEFORE BEING EXCRETED FROM THE
BODY A DAY OR
TWO LATER.
Introduction

3. INTRODUCTION
 History
 Parts of micro electric pill
 How its work inside the body
 Structure of micro electric pill
 Sensors and Chip
 Advantages
 Disadvantage
 Application
 References

4. HISTORY
 Scientists discovered electronic capsule in 1972.
 Use of discrete & relatively large component’s, poor reliability, short lifetimes &
 low sensitivity makes it outdated.
 To overcome all these problems Professor Jon Cooper and Dr. Erik Johanessen from
 Glasgow University, U.K has led to the development of a modern microelectronic
 pill.
 When Microelectronic pill is swallowed, then it will travel through the Gastro
 Intestinal Tract & simultaneously perform multiparameter in situ physiological
 analysis.Scientists discovered electronic capsule in 1972.
 Use of discrete & relatively large component’s, poor reliability, short lifetimes &
 low sensitivity makes it outdated.
 To overcome all these problems Professor Jon Cooper and Dr. Erik Johanessen from
 Glasgow University, U.K has led to the development of a modern microelectronic
 pill.
 When Microelectronic pill is swallowed, then it will travel through the Gastro
 Intestinal Tract & simultaneously perform multiparameter in situ physiological
 analysis.

7. HOW IT WORKS INSIDE THE BODY
Capsule is swallowed by the patient like
a conventional pill.
It takes images as it is propelled
forward by peristalsis.
A wireless recorder, worn on a belt,
receives the images transmitted by the
pill.
A computer workstation processes the
data and produces a short video clip or
still images.

8. SENSORS AND CHIPS
 Silicon Diode (Sensor A):
 Silicon diodes are the commonly used temperature
sensors in electronic equipments.
 ISFET(Sensor B):
 It can reveal pathological conditions associated with
abnormal pH levels.
 Direct Contact Gold Electrode (Sensor C):
 Conductivity measures are done by measuring the
contents of water and salt absorption,
 breakdown of organic compounds into charged colloids
and the bile secretion.
 3 Electrode Electrochemical cell (Sensor D):
 It detects activity of aerobic bacteria in large intestine
and small intestine.

9. CONTROL CHIP
 The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is the
control unit that connects
 together other components of the micro system.
 It contains an analogue signal conditioning module operating
the sensors, 10-bit
 analogue to digital (ADC) & digital to analogue (DAC)
converters, & digital data
 processing module
 The pH ISFET sensor is biased as a simple source at
constant current with the
 source voltage changing with threshold voltage & pH.
 The conductivity circuit operates at D.C. It measures the
resistance across the
 electrode pair as an inverse function of solution conductivity.
 ASIC & sensors consume 5.3 mW power corresponding to
1.7 mA
 of current.

10. SILVER OXIDE BATTERIES
 Two Ag2O batteries are used.
 Operating Time > 40 hours.
 Power Consumption = 12.1 mW
 Corresponding current consumption = 3.9mA
 upply Voltage = 3.1 V

11. RADIO TRANSMITTER
•Size of transmitter = 8×5×3 mm
• It consumes 6.8 mW power at 2.2 mA of current
• Data Transfer Rate = 1 kbps
• Bandwidth of the signal generated 10 KHz
• Modulation Scheme = FSK

12. ADVANTAGES
 It is being beneficially used for disease detection &
abnormalities in human body.
 Therefore it is also called as MAGIC PILL FOR HEALTH
CARE.
 Very long life of the cells(40 hours), Less Power, Current &
Voltage requirement .
 Less transmission length & hence has zero noise interference.
 Quick diagnosis
 Minimizing patient discomfort
 the patient can relax in comfort and walk about, without a
hospital stay
 Accurate diagnosis
 Provide a large number of images so easy to diagnose from
all the
 sides

13. •It is unable to detect radiation
abnormalities.
•The size of pill is small but it is not as
small that can be digested by small babies.
Disadvantage -

14. APPLICATION -•Crohn's Disease
•Obscure GI Bleeding
•Ulcerative colitis
•Colorectal cancer
•Tumors of the small intestine & Vascular Disorders.
•Medication Related To Small Bowel Injury
•It can be used in industries in evaluation of water
quality,Pollution Detection, fermentation process control
& inspection of pipelines.

15. CONCLUSION -
 Microelectronic pill widely used in advanced countries due to lack of
 advantages over endoscopy. It is too effective and provide a large
number
 of collective form of data within a minutes. It is concluded from
various
 research that it is more advanced technique and most suitable for
diagnosis
 of the small intestine, Colon and Jejunum. The role of the
swallowable
 camera capsule can be understood by detecting its action against
cancer
 cell. The recent advanced form of swallowable camera capsule are
more
 effective in detecting cancerous cell from a number of normal cells
and also
 effective in targeted drug delivery to destroy the cancerous cell.