3. A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary mass object, such
as the Earth, which allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to
escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Volcano is an opening on Earth’s surface where molten rocks,
smoke, gases and ashes are erupted.
Active volcanoes in the Philippines, as categorized by the Philippine
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), include
volcanoes in the country having erupted within historical times
(within the last 600 years), with accounts of these eruptions
documented by man; or having erupted within the last 10,000 years
(holocene) based on analyses of datable materials. However, there
is no consensus among volcanologists on how to define an "active"
volcano. As of 2012, PHIVOLCS lists 23 volcanoes as active in the
Philippines, 21 of which have historical eruptions and two strongly
fumarolic volcanoes.