detailed description about all sastras mentioned in ayurveda

1. Ancient and modern
view
Under the guidence of
Dr. M.Bhaskar rao garu MD,PhD.
Professor ,salyatantra,
s.v. ayurvedic medical college .

5. DEFINITION:
The surgical procedures are of 8 types . They are
chedyam –excision, bhedyam- incision , lekhyam-
scrapping , vedhyam – puncturing ,eshyam –
probbing, aaharyam –extraction, visravyam –
drainage and seevyam –suturing . The instruments
which are helpful in performing the above
procedures are called “ SASTRAS”.
(su.su. 5/5)

6. (CH.Chi.25/55)
Acharya Charka mentioned 6 types of sastra karmas
1.Paatanam
2.Vyadhanam
3.Chedanam
4.Lepanam
5.Pracchanam
6.seevanam

7. SASTRAKARMA
(AH.SU.26/28)
acharya Vagbhata in astanga hridaya sutra sthana told 13 sastra karmas .
They are
1.Utpathana 7.Kuttana 13.Dahana
2.Patana 8.Chedana
3.Sivana 9.bhedana
4.Eshana 10.vedhana
5.Lekhana 11.Mandhana
6.pachana 12.grahana

8. CLASSIFICATION OF SASTRA
•Susruta :20
•Vagbhata:26SASTRA
•Susruta:14
•Vagbhata:12ANUSASTRA

9. CLASSIFICATION AND NUMBER
(SU.SU.8/3)

10. CLASSIFICATION OF SASTRA BASED ON
KARMA
s.no Karma Name of instrument
1 Chedana &lekhana Mandalagra,karapatra
2 Chedana &bhedana Vriddipatra,nakhasastra,
Ardhadhara,mudrika, utpalapatra
3 vedhana Vetasapatra, aara, kutarika,
vreehimukha.
4 Aharana Badisa, danta sanku
5 Eshana Eshani
6 Visravana Remaining sastra

11. SASTRA NIRMANA
(SU .SU.8/19)
The intelligent physician should get the instruments manufactured from
Pure and strong ,hard iron(steel) by a black smith
who has expertise and skill in his work.

12. GUNA OF SASTRA
(SU.SU. 8/8)
1. The sastra should be handy,
2. ……………………………….made of good metal,
3. …………………………………possess sharp edges,
4. …………………………………good looking,
5. The business end should be fine and of appropriate size,
6. They should not be serrated.
The prasastha guna of sastra

13. SASTRA DOSHA
(SU.SU.8/9)
Sastra dosas are 8. they are
S.No Dosha meaning
1 Vakram Crooked or bent
2 Kuntam Blunt
3 Khandam Broken
4 Khara dharam Hard
5 Ati sthulam Very thick
6 Atyalpam Very thin ,small
7 Ati dheergam Very long
8 Ati hrasvam Very short
1.So instruments with opposite qualities should be used
2.Except karapatra sastra because its edge should be hard and rough to cut bones

14. DIAGRAMMATIC
REPRESENTATION OF DIFFERENT
TYPES OF SASTRAS

15. MANDALAGRA SASTRA
Ref: astanga hridayam .su . 26
Vagbhata describes shape of the blade of
mandalagra sastra like index finger when its
nail points towards the palm of the hand .
USE : Chedana and lekhana

16. MANDALAGRA SASTRA

17. ROUND KNIFE
USE :
TYMPHANOPLASTY

18. (REF : AH su 25/6)
1. it is shaped like barbers knife
2.Used for CHEDANA ,BHEDANA , PAATANA
3.in unnata sopha (elevated swelling )- it should be straight
in gambheera sopha (deep swellings)- it should be curved at back

19. 1) IT RESEMBLES LIKE A MEDICINAL PLANT ….VRIDDHI
2) SUSRUTA USES VRIDDIPATRA SASTRA FOR THE
REMOVAL OF SCROTAL TUMOR

21. KARAPATRA SASTRA
(REF: AH SU 25 /16)
1. Meant for sawing bone
2. Should have serrated margin with fine teeth
3. Having length 10 angulas
width 2 angulas

22. KARAPATRA SASTRA
1. Sursruta mentions its length as 6 angulas
Vagbhata …………………………….10 angulas
Bhoja …………………………………..12 angulas

23. SURGICAL SAW (amputation saw )

24. SURGICAL SAW

25. SURGICAL SAW(BONE CUTTER)

26. NAKHA SASTRA
(REF: AH SU .25 /18)
1.Has curved or straight edge and two faces
2.Length of 9 angulas
3 .meant for CHEDANA ,BHEDANA , PRACHANA, LEKHANA
4.Extraction of small SHALYAS

27. NAKHA SASTRA
1. SUSRUTA mention its length to be 8 angulas
2. has one straight edge and one oblique edge

28. SURGICAL NAIL PARER

29. ANGULI SASTRA
( AH SU . 26/13-15)
1.The anguli sastra or mudrika sastra is like a ring.
2. Having blade length of 0.5 angulas .
3.Its function is similar to vriddhipatra and mandalagra.
4. It should be worn at the inter phalangeal joint of index finger and
secured to the surgeon with a thread .
5.Used for excising and incising lesions inside the throat .

30. ANGULI OR MUDRIKA SASTRA

31. FINGER KNIFE

32. UTPALAPATRA
(AH.SU.26/7)
1 . having two edges long edge and short edge
2.Used for chedana and lekhana

33. DOUBLE EDGED SCALPEL

34. ARDHADARA SASTRA-lancet
1.Its difficult to ascertain the exact shape of this sastra .
2.Some translate it as a “single edged knife”.
3.Dalhana explains it as an instrument which has a sharp edge for
half of the length.
4 Length : 8 angulas – blade 2 angula , handle 6 angula.
5 Width : 1 angula.

35. SUCHI SASTRA
(AH.SU.26/20-21)
According
to length suchi sastra is of
THREE types
• Vritta In shape
• Used in fleshy parts like thigh3 angula
• Used for less fleshy parts
• wounds
2 angula
• Suchi is like a bow
• Used in suturing of pakvasaya ,
amasaya and marma
2.5angulas

36. SUCHI SASTRA

37. SURGICAL NEEDLE

38. KUSAPATRA SASTRA
(AH.SU.26/10)
1. It is a form of knife resembling in shape of the leaf of a kusa grass
2. According to Susruta the length of blade is 6 angulas
Vagbhata………………………………...2 angulas
Use : its used to drain pus from abscess

39. KUSAPATRA SASTRA
Chakra dutta and Yogaratnakara used
kusa patra sastra to treat
tumors in the neck

40. DOUBLE EDGED SCALPEL

41. AUTIMUKHA SASTRA
(NIBANDHA SAMGRAHA .SU.8 CH)
1.The instrument is like the jalavardhini bird or
aati(Turdus ginginiamus)- a bird living in marshus
2.Length of the insrument is 7 angula and circular in shape

42. SARARIMUKHA SASTRA
(SU .SU. 8 )
1.The instrument is like a pair of scissors resembling the face of
the long beaked bird called SARARI
2.According to Susruta length of sarari is 10 angula
Vagbhata………………………..12 angula
3. Instrument resembles like kartari
4.It is recommended to be used for evacuating abscess

43. SARARIMUKHA SASTRA – SCISSORS

44. ANTARMUKHA SASTRA
(AH.SU.26/10)
1.Vagbhata describes a variety called ardhachandraanan( half –moon faced)
scissors in which the blades are curved like the half moon .
2. Has the length of eight angula – blade measuring half anguli.
3. This is to be used to drain abscess

45. (NIBHANDA SANGRAHA SU ch8)
1. Instrument consisting of three needles fixed to a wooden handle .
2. According to Susrutha the length of the instrument is 8 angulas
blade 3 angula
handle 5 angula
3.USE : a) Evacuating abscess
b)Draining blood from nasal polyps

46. TRIKURCHIKA –METAL
BRUSH
USE: cleaning lap instruments , suction tube

47. KUTARIKA SASTRA
(AH.SU.26/12)
1.Small instrument shaped like an axe
2. The blade is like tooth of a cow it has width of one anguli
3.USE: VENESECTION OF VEINS SITUATED ON BONES

48. KUTHARIKA - SURGICAL AXE

49. (AH.SU.26/11)
1. It is described as a type of trocar , the sharp end is shaped like
a grain of paddy
2.Length is of 1 ½ angula
3.USE : advised to be used for parasentesis in udara roga

52. (AH.SU.26/25-26)
1. ARA is a quadrangular rod ,with a conical sharp tip of ½ angula.
2. Used for verifying ripeness of abscess
puncturing thick ear lobe

55. (REF ; AH su 25/9)
Use : vyadhana
Length :2 angulas

58. (AH.SU.26/16)
1.It is a hook with properly bent tip.
2.USE: meant for holding suntika (tonsils)
arma (pterigium)

60. DANTA SANKU /DANTALEKHANA
(AH.SU.26/19)
1. Dental lancet has four angles fused at the tip to one sharp end.
2. Meant for scaling teeth in case of danta sarkara(tartar of teeth).

61. DANTASANKU- TOOTH SCRAPPER

62. ESHANI
(AH.SU.26/8)
Its of two types:
1. One is having smooth body with round tip like earth worm .
used for exploring sinuses
2.It should have smooth tip shaped like needle with a slit at its root.
used for bhedana(incision)

63. ESHANI – SHARP PROBE

65. s.no Sanskrit name english name
1 Twaksara Bamboo
2 Sphatika Rock salt
3 Kaacha Glass pieces
4 Kuruvinda Corundum stone
5 Jalauka Leech
6 Agni Fire
7 Kshara Caustic Alkali
8 Nakha Nail
9 Leaves of JOGI Gojihva
1o Sephalika -
11 Saka -

66. S.no Sanskrit name English name
12 Karira -
13 Bala Hair
14 Anguli Fingers

68. SASTRA PAYANA
Sastra payana is of 3 types.
(SU.SU.8/12)
S.NO NAME MATERIAL
USED
USES
1 Kshara Alkali Excision of arrows, foreign bodies
2 Jala Water Excision, incision, splitting of muscles
3 Taila oil Puncturing of vessels and for excision
of nerves

70. SASTRA DHARA
(SU.SU.8/10)
S.no Size of Dhara Karma of sastra
1 Masura (pulse) Bhedana (incising instruments)
2 Ardha masuri(half
lentil)
Lekhana(scrapping instruments)
3 Kousiki (hair) Vyadhana,visravana(puncturing
and draining instruments )
4 Ardha kousiki(half
hair)
Chedana (instruments using for
excision

72. SASTRA NISANA & DHARA SAMSTHAPANA
(SU.SU.8/13)
1.For sharpening of the instruments a smooth stone
of the color of masha should be used.
2.For maintaing sharpness shalmali phalaka should be used.