The chapter summarizes the key events of the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865. It discusses the secession of Southern states and the outbreak of war at Fort Sumter in 1861. Both the Union and Confederacy mobilized for war, with the Union gaining advantages through its larger population and industrial base. Major battles included Shiloh, Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg, with Union general Ulysses S. Grant adopting a strategy of total war. The war concluded in April 1865 with Confederate general Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse to Union general Ulysses S. Grant.

1. Alan Brinkley,
AMERICAN HISTORY
13/e
Chapter Fourteen: The Civil
War

2. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Secession Crisis
 “Southern Nationalism”
 Secession Of South Carolina-1860
Pickett’s Charge at
Gettysburg (The Palma
Collection / Getty Images )
2

3. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Secession Crisis
– The Withdrawal of the South
 Establishment of the Confederacy
The Process of Secession
3

4. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Secession Crisis
– The Failure of Compromise
 Crittenden Compromise
 Protected Slave States
 Reestablished Missouri Compromise
 Republicans Opposed Plan
Civil War-Era Washington
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
4

5. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Secession Crisis
– Fort Sumter-April 14,1861
 The Civil War
Begins
-Confederate Victory
Fort Sumter, SC
5

6. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Secession Crisis
– Opposing Sides
 Union Advantages
 More Industrialized Economy
 Southern Advantages
 Greater Commitment
 Experienced Commanders
Union and
Confederate
Resources
6

7. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Mobilization of the North
– Economic Measures
 Republican Economic Policy
 National Bank Acts
 Financing the War
7

8. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Mobilization of the North
– Raising the Union Armies
 Draft Riots
 New York-1863
War by
Railroad
8

9. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Mobilization of the North
– Wartime Politics
 Wartime Repression
 1864 Election
 Lincoln (R) vs. General McClellan (D)
9

10. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Mobilization of the North
– The Politics of Emancipation
 Confiscation Acts
 Only Applied to States in Rebellion
 Emancipation Proclamation
 Executive Order
Ex-slave children freed by Lincoln's
Emancipation Proclamation line up
outdoors at Freedmen's Village, a
temporary settlement at Alexandria,
Virginia, ca. 1863.
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
10

11. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Mobilization of the North
– African Americans and the Union Cause
 Black Enlistment
 186,000 Served
 Mistreatment of Black Soldiers
 Higher Mortality Rates African-American Troops
(Library of Congress)
11

12. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Mobilization of the North
– The War and Economic Development
 Hard Times for Workers
12

13. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Mobilization of the North
– Women, Nursing, and the War
 U.S. Sanitary Commission
 Traditional
Gender Roles
Reinforced
 Nursing and
Medicine
13
The U.S. Sanitary
Commission (NARA)
Clara Barton

14. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Mobilization of the South
– The Confederate Government
 Davis’s Leadership
 Confederate Constitution
 Almost Identical to U.S. Constitution
 Southern Divisions
 Many Southerners Resisted Jeff Davis
14
Jefferson Davis
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)

15. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Mobilization of the South
– Money and Manpower
 Funding Problems
 Printing Money and Inflation
 Raising the Confederate Army
 Manpower Shortages
15
“Stonewall” Jackson

16. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Mobilization of the South
– States’ Rights versus Centralization
 Centralization
– Economic and Social Effects of the War
 Economic Woes
 New Roles for Women
16

17. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
17
Abraham Lincoln visits General
McClellan after Antietam
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)

18. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 Strategy and Diplomacy
– The Commanders
 Lincoln’s Leadership
 Commander-in-Chief
 Gen. Robert E. Lee
18
Robert E. Lee
(Portrait Gallery)

19. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 Strategy and Diplomacy
– The Role of Sea Power
 The Union Blockade
 Ironclads
 Monitor vs. Virginia
USS Monitor
19

20. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 Strategy and Diplomacy
– Europe and the Disunited States
 King Cotton Diplomacy
 Trent Affair
 U.S.S. San Jacinto
– The American West and the War
 Guerrilla War in the West
20

21. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Course of Battle
 High Casualties
Dead Union
Soldiers at
Antietam, 1862
(Library of
Congress)
21

22. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Course of Battle
– The Technology of Battle
 Repeating Weapons
 Importance of the Railroad
 The Telegraph
 Hot-air Balloons
 Submarines
 CSN Hunley
 Torpedoes
22

23. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
Union Infantry officers examine
a cannon emplacement
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
23

24. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
Soldiers guard a train on a Union
Army-built trestle on the Orange
and Alexandria Railroad near
Manassas, Virginia, ca. 1863.
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
24

25. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Course of Battle
– The Opening Clashes, 1861
 First Battle of Bull Run
 Wilson’s Creek
The battlefield at Bull Run, 1861
(Library of Congress)
25

26. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Course of Battle
– The Western Theater
 New Orleans Captured-April 1862
 Confederate Trade Stopped
 Major Union victory
 Shiloh
 Union Successes in the West
Ulysses S. Grant
26

27. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The War in the West, 1861-1863
27

28. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Course of Battle
– The Virginia Front,
1862
 George McClellan
 Seven Pines
 Stalemate in the East
 Union Forces Win Few Victories
 Antietam-Sept. 1862
 Gen. McClellan Removed
28
George McClellan
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)

29. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The Virginia Theater, 1861-1863
29

30. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Course of Battle
– 1863: Year of Decision
 Battle of Chancellorsville-May 1863
 Confederate Victory
 Gen. Jackson Killed by “Friendly Fire”
 Battle of Vicksburg-May/July 1863
 Confederacy Split in Two
 Battle of Gettysburg-July 1863
 Lee’s Last Attempt to Invade the North
 Battle of Chattanooga
30

31. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
31 The Siege of Vicksburg, May-July 1863

32. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
32
Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863

33. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 The Course of Battle
– The Last Stage, 1864-1865
 Grant’s Strategy
 Wilderness Campaign
 Grant vs. Lee
 Capture of Atlanta
 March to the Sea
 Sherman Tries to Demoralize the South
 Appomattox Courthouse-April 1865
 Gen. Lee Surrenders
33

34. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
Virginia Campaigns, 1864-1865
34

35. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
Sherman’s March to the Sea, 1864-1865
35

36. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
The McLean House in
Appomattox Courthouse
(Royalty-Free / CORBIS)
36

37. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
 Conclusion
 Impact of the North’s Victory
New York’s 7th
Regiment on Parade
(Seventh Regiment
Armory, NYC)
37

38. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
Where Historians Disagree:
The Causes of the Civil War
38 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

39. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
America in the World:
The Consolidation
of Nations
A soldier of the 8th Pennsylvania Infantry
displays his unit's tattered regimental flag.
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
39 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

40. Chapter Fourteen:
The Civil War
Patterns of Popular Culture:
Baseball and the Civil War
40 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.