The document discusses strategies to enhance the productivity and quality of fruit crops through advanced agricultural techniques, focusing on various fruit types and their respective yields in different countries. Key strategies include high-density planting, canopy management, micro-irrigation, and the use of appropriate rootstocks and pollinizers. Additionally, the document emphasizes the importance of rejuvenating old orchards and the benefits of intercropping with compatible crops.

1. ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR
INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY & QUALITY
IN FRUITS CROPS
Directorate of Extension Education
G.B.P.U.A.&T., Pantnagar- 263 145
U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand)
Dr R P Singh
Professor Extension Education

2. Fruit
crops
Productivity (tonnes/ha)
World India Productivity of different Countries in descending order
Apple 15.9 8.0 Chile (44.5) ˃ Italy(36.4) ˃ France(33.7) ˃ USA(31.0)
Banana 21.3 37.0 Indonesia(58.9) ˃ Guatemala(40.9) ˃ Philippines (33.3)
Grape 9.8 21.8 India(21.8) ˃ Egypt (20.8) ˃ Brazil (18.3) ˃ China (16.0)
Mango 8.7 8.69 Kenya (48.8) ˃ Brazil (16.0) ˃ Pakistan (11.2) ˃ Indonesia
(10.2)
Orange 18.3 11.6 Turkey (36.3) ˃ South Africa (35.8) ˃ USA (32.6) ˃ Brazil (24.7)
Papaya 29.4 42.3 Guatemala (89.8) ˃ Indonesia (86.7) ˃ China (58.4) ˃ Mexico
(50.1)
Productivity of fruit crops

3.  Production of elite planting materials of suitable varieties
(Genuine variety on suitable rootstock).
 Area expansion and promotion of commercial production of
potential fruit crops of the region on cluster basis.
 Use of low chill verities of temperate fruits in sub tropical
region and in warmer areas of temperate region.
 Use of suitable rootstocks available in fruit crops.
Strategies to Improve the Productivity and
quality of fruits crops

4.  Technological intervention including
 High Density Planting/orcharding
 Use of evaluated verities at particular location (through MLT)
 Canopy management (Training and Pruning)
 Use of pollinizers and pollinators
 Crop Regulation in fruits
 Micro- irrigation and Fertigation
 Mulching
 Integrated Nutrient Management
 Use of micronutrients and Microbial Consortia (mixture of various
micronutrients e.g. Mango & Banana special etc.)
 Rejuvenation of old and senile orchards and top working.
 Integrated insect-pest and disease management
 Diversification from other crops/inter- cropping

5. Comparison Between Traditional and HDP Orcharding
(Ray, 1999)
S.No Parameters Traditional HDP
1 Plant population Less (100-200/ha) More(500-100000/ha)
2 Production Low (15-25 t/ha) High(30-50 t/ha)
3 Management Large tree size difficult to control Small tree size convenient
to manage
4 Labour Requirement more less
5 Harvesting Difficult manual Easy by machine/manual
6 Quality Large canopy , poor sunlight
penetration, poor quality
Small canopy, better sun
light, good quality
7 Establishment Cost less Cost high
8 Machinery Doesn't require expensive machine Requires expensive
machine
9 Bioregulator Use is not essential Use is essential

7. Various planting systems adopted in fruit crops:
 Square
 Triangular
 Quincunx
 Rectangular
 Hexagonal
 Hedge row (single and double) Cluster planting
 Contour Square Triangular
Quincunx RectangularHedge row
Planting system
Contour

8. CANOPY MANAGEMENT (Training and
Pruning) IN FRUITS CROPS

9. Basic Methods of Training

10. Some Special Methods of Training
Bush system
Pyramid System
Espalier System
Cordon System
Bush system
Espalier system Cordon system

11. Training and pruning in temperate fruits

12. Use of pollinizers and pollinators :
Most of the varieties require cross pollination for good
fruit set and higher productivity.
Peach:
 All cultivars are self-fertile except J.H. Hale,
June Elberta, Halberta, Candoka, Chinese Cling, Giant.
Apricot:
Commercial apricots are largely self-fruitful, partially self
fertile and completely sterile but self-incompatible
varieties are available in China and Russia.

13. Mulching in Fruit Crops

14. Pine needle mulch FYM Forest litter
Green
twigs
Dried
leaf
ORGANIC MULCHES

15. BlackBlue
Red Green
White
Yellow

16. Micro irrigation and fertigation in
fruit crops

17. Bubbler Irrigation

19. Methods of Microirrigation

20. Rejuvenation of old and senile orchards and
top working

21. Rejuvenation of old and senile orchards
Parameter Old and senile orchards Rejuvenated orchards
Productivity Low High
Quality Poor Very Good
Canopy Dense and infested Optimum growth and free
from infestation
Returns Very Low High net income (4-5
lakhs/ha)
Rejuvenation of almond Rejuvenation of apple

22. Pruned trees
Rejuvenation Technique in mango

23. Sprouting in rejuvenated plants

24. Thinning of newly emerged shoots

25. Diversification from other crops/ inter-
cropping

26. •Main crop –
Mango
•Filler crop –
Guava, lime,
•Inter crops – Cow
pea, French bean,
paddy

27. Inter-cropping with mustard
Inter – cropping with mustard in fruit orchard

28. Wheat based inter-cropping